Research on the Influence of Bank Financial Products on the Intermediate Target of Monetary Policy

近年来，我国商业银行理财产品发展迅速，2015年发行规模和存量规模均创新高，分别达到158.41万亿元和23.50万亿元。国内学者开始重视银行理财产品风险和监管问题，而较少学者关注银行理财产品的信用创造功能及其对货币政策有效性的影响。试想，如果银行理财产品，尤其是在资产负债表外的非保本型理财产品，具有信用创造能力的话，其对金融市场和货币政策都会带来一定的冲击。因此，研究银行理财产品的运行机制、信用创造功能及其对货币政策的影响渠道是非常重要的。 本文在前人理论研究的基础上，通过VAR、脉冲响应函数、方差分解等计量方式提供了一个更为全面、系统的分析。本文主要研究了银行理财产品对价格型和数量型货币...In recent years, the business of financial products of commercial banks developed at a rapid rate in China. The offering size and the balance outstanding grew to a new record, reaching 158.41 trillion yuan and 23.5 trillion yuan separately. More and more researches are focused on the risk issue and regulation of financial products. However, there are few articles about the credit creation of finan...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：王亚南经济研究院_金融学学号：2772013115278

Biological nitrogen fixation in the upper water column in the south Taiwan Strait during summer 2011

2011年6—7月,利用15n2示踪法实测了台湾海峡南部海域的生物固氮速率,结合温度、盐度、天然颗粒物氮同位素组成的分布,分析并讨论了影响研究海域生物固氮速率的环境因素。结果表明,夏季台湾海峡南部海域的生物固氮速率介于168—1080 nMOl M-3d-1之间,平均为537 nMOl M-3d-1,较高的生物固氮速率大多出现在次表层水体中。研究站位的积分固氮速率变化范围为11—40μMOl M-2d-1,平均为23μMOl M-2d-1。积分固氮速率的空间变化与不同水团的影响有关,在受黑潮水影响的海域,生物固氮速率较高,而在上升流和受河流冲淡水影响的海域,生物固氮速率较低,说明较低的水温及较高的无机氮营养盐可能会抑制研究海域的生物固氮作用。研究海域天然颗粒物δ15n与生物固氮速率之间呈现良好的负相关关系,表明天然颗粒物氮同位素组成可定性指征研究海域生物固氮作用的强弱。Biological N2fixation in marine environments is a major component in the ocean nitrogen budget and plays an important role in global carbon cycles through the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and production of marine organic matter.N2fixation could be regulated by the abundance and chemical speciation of nutrients and many trace elements in seawater.Recent studies have revealed that N2fixation is much more widespread in marine environments than previously thought.However,little is known about the N2fixation in the Taiwan Strait,especially on N2fixation rates,and their relationship with environmental parameters.The major objectives of this study were to determine the N2fixation rates and their spatial distributions and to explore major physicochemical controlling factors in the south Taiwan Strait.During June and July 2011,seawater samples were collected from ten stations at two transects in the south Taiwan Strait for the measurements of N2fixation rate using the15N2tracer assay.Particulate nitrogen and its isotopic composition were measured with an elemental analyzer(Carlo Erba NC 2500) coupled with a Finnigan MAT DeltaplusXP isotope ratio mass spectrometer.Reproducibility of nitrogen isotope measurements(in terms of δ15N) was within 0.2‰.Our results showed that N2fixation rates in the south Taiwan Strait ranged from 168—1080 nmol m-3d-1with an average of 537 nmol m-3d-1.Most of the high rates were observed at subsurface layers.The depth-integrated N2fixation rates were 11—40 μmol m-2d-1with an average of(23±10) μmol m-2d-1.The distribution of the N2fixation rates showed regional variations with influence from water masses with distinctive temperature and salinity.Higher N2fixation rates were mostly observed in the regions influenced by the Kuroshio,with an average of 31 μmol m-2d-1,while lower rates occurred in the upwelling and river plume regions with an average of 15 μmol m-2d-1.This spatial distribution pattern indicated that biological N2fixation was largely impeded by the low temperature and the high concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the south Taiwan Strait.The contribution of N2fixation in the study area could be further quantified based on the δ15N signatures of suspended particles which could be significantly depleted during N2fixation.Indeed,a negative correlation between the δ15N signatures of suspended particles and N2fixation rates was observed regardless of using all data points or depth-averaged values within the water column.This indicated that15N-depleted particles were largely derived from the enhanced N2fixation,supporting the use of nitrogen isotopic composition(δ15N) of suspended particles as a potential indicator of N2fixation in the south Taiwan Strait.Further studies are needed to better elucidate the relationship between N2fixation rates and limiting elements and their chemical speciation,and thus the physical and biogeochemical controls on N2fixation in the south Taiwan Strait.国家自然科学基金资助项目(41125020;41076043;41206062); 国际海域资源调查与开发“十二五”项目(DY125-13-E-01

基于 STEAM 教育模式下无人机课程的研究

论文结合 STEAM 教育模式对无人机课程进行研究，以心理学家皮亚杰的认知发展理论为主要指导思想，对无人机课程进行级别划分，采用内容分析法，结合 PBL、创客教育、MOOC 等新教育模式，对各级无人机课程的设计理念、课程结构及教学方法进行研究，运用 STEAM 教学方式加强课程的渗透，促使信息技术教学得到更好的发展，填补中国在无人机课程的空缺，为国家改革发展青少年科普教育的教学模式和方式提供参考示例。</jats:p

中国近岸海域沉积物￣(226)Ra的分布特征

本文对中国７个近岸海域沉积物２２６Ｒａ的分布进行了研究，结果表明珠江口表层沉积物的２２６Ｒａ含量较高，其余６个近岸海域（黄河口、胶州湾、长江口、杭州湾、厦门湾、大亚湾）的２２６Ｒａ含量相近．２２６Ｒａ含量值显示了研究海域沉积物的“亲陆性”，但不同站位２２６Ｒａ含量受物源区域、水动力作用及其他环境理化诸因素的影响．２２６Ｒａ在况积物盐酸沥取相的放射性比度及总量均大于残渣相的相应数值，说明陆源物质在风化及向海迁移过程中绝大部分镭进入到水相中．元洪码头附近海域岩心中２２６Ｒａ的垂直分布表明，镭发生了沉积后的再迁移．所有各相的活度比（２２６Ｒａ／２３８Ｕ）ａ．ｒ、（２２６Ｒａ／２３０Ｔｈ）ａ．ｒ．均小于１．０，进一步证明中国近岸沉积物普遍存在２２６Ｒａ－２３８Ｕ、２２６Ｒａ－２３０Ｔｈ不平衡现象．国家自然科学基金，高等学校博士学科点专项科研基

Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Particulate Organic Matter in the Northern Beibu Gulf in Spring

2011年4月期间,对北部湾北部海域水柱中颗粒有机碳(POC)、颗粒氮(Pn)浓度及其同位素组成开展了研究,结果表明,研究海域水柱中的颗粒有机物主要受陆源输入和生物生产过程的影响.根据POC、Pn、C/n比(摩尔比)、δ13C和δ15n的空间分布规律,可将研究海域区分为具有不同特征的3个区域,其中钦州湾外围海域的δ13C最低,反映出该区域颗粒有机物受陆源输入的影响较大;铁山港外围海域具有高的POC、Pn和δ15n特征,C/n比也接近于rEdfIEld比值,说明其颗粒有机物主要受控于生物初级生产过程;琼州海峡西侧海域呈现低POC和Pn特征,与南海外海水的特征较为接近,而该区域同时具有低C/n比和低δ15n的特征,表明其受生物固氮作用的影响明显.Suspended particles in the northern Beibu Gulf were collected for measurements of particulate organic carbon(POC)and particulate nitrogen(PN)and their isotopic composition during April 2011.Our results showed that particulate organic matter in the northern Beibu Gulf was influenced by terrestrial input and biological production,and this influence could be divided into three subregions with different geochemical and isotopic characteristics.Particulate organic matter was mostly depleted inδ13C around the Qinzhou Gulf,indicating the terrestrial influence.However,high POC,PN andδ15N values were observed around the Tieshan Gulf with the C/N ratios closed to the Redfield ratio,suggesting the major contribution from the local biological production.In contrast,contents of POC and PN were low in the western Qiongzhou Strait,implying the intrusion of the South China Sea offshore waters.The most depleted inδ15N and the lowest C/N ratios suggested a significant contribution from the biological nitrogen fixation in the western Qiongzhou Strait.海洋公益性行业科研专项(2010050012-3); 国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金(41125020

Biological N_2 fixation rates in the East China Sea in spring 2009

2009年4~5月间,应用15n2示踪法实测了东海25个站位的生物固氮速率,结合温度、盐度等要素的分布,分析生物固氮速率的空间变化及其影响因素.结果表明,春季东海的生物固氮速率介于102~16 349 nMOl/(M3·d)之间,平均为2 441 nMOl/(M3·d).生物固氮速率的空间变化呈现径流影响区最高,黑潮影响区与陆架其他区域相近的特点,径流影响区的平均生物固氮速率约为黑潮影响区和陆架其他区域的2倍,这可能与固氮生物种类的空间变化有关.春季东海的积分固氮速率平均为129μMOl/(M2·d),结合此前获得的夏、秋、冬季的积分固氮速率,估算出东海生物固氮速率的年均值为50μMOl/(M2·d),因而东海的年固氮通量估计为1.4x1010MOl/A,约占全球海洋年固氮通量的0.15%.对东海进行的氮源汇分析表明,生物固氮作用、长江径流输入和大气沉降输入等氮输入通量分别为1.4x1010、7.9x1010和3.9x1010MOl/A,反硝化作用和沉积物颗粒氮埋藏的迁出通量分别为9.5x1010和3.7x1010MOl/A,东海氮的源汇通量均为13.2x1010MOl/A,表明东海氮的收支基本处于平衡状态.Biological N2fixation rates at 26 stations in the East China Sea were measured with15N2tracer assay during April and May 2009.Combined with temperature and salinity,the distribution of N2fixation rates and their influencing factors were discussed.Our results showed that the N2fixation rates ranged from 102 to 16 349 nmol/(m3·d) with an average of 2 441 nmol/(m3·d).The highest rates were observed in regions influenced by the river plume,which was about two times what observed in regions influenced by the Kuroshio current and the shelf waters,probably reflecting the spatial variation of the nitrogen fixers.The integrated N2fixation rate in the East China Sea in spring was129 μmol/(m2·d) in average,and the annual N2fixation rate was estimated as 50 μmol/(m2·d) compared with previous data in summer,autumn and winter.This meant that the new nitrogen flux supply by N2fixation to the East China Sea was 1.4×1010mol/a,contributing to about 0.15% of the N2fixation flux in global oceans.The nitrogen budget in the East China Sea was evaluated in views of sources and sinks.The fluxes of nitrogen supply to the East China Sea via the nitrogen fixation,the river runoff and the atmospheric deposition were estimated as 1.4×1010,7.9 ×1010and 3.9×1010mol/a,respectively.The removal fluxes of nitrogen via denitrification and sedimentary burial were 9.5×1010and 3.7×1010mol/a,respectively.Both the nitrogen flux of the sources and the sinks were 13.2×1010mol/a,indicating a balance of nitrogen budget in the East China Sea.国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金资助项目(41125020); 国家海洋局大洋专项资助项目(DY125-13-E-01

Distribution of Primary Production in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in Summer

利用14 C示踪法实测了黄、东海海域2006年6—8月的初级生产力,结果表明,积分初级生产力介于378.65~6 403.47Mg/(M2.d)之间,平均为2 059.56Mg/(M2.d)。初级生产力的空间变化表现出3个特点:1)东海的积分初级生产力明显高于黄海;2)受黑潮水影响,海域的初级生产力比陆架区明显低;3)长江口东南海域和济州岛西南海域存在较高的初级生产力。对初级生产力和环境因子的关系进行分析表明,初级生产力的高值大多出现在水温为21~26℃的水体中,光强和营养盐共同调控着黄、东海海域初级生产力的分布。受黑潮水影响,海域初级生产力较低与其贫乏的营养盐有关,而长江冲淡水和冷涡输送的丰富营养盐维持着长江口东南海域和济州岛西南海域较高的初级生产力。Primary production supports substantial biomass and higher trophic level organisms in the coastal waters,but the mechanisms regulating primary production in coastal waters are still difficult to assess.In this study,primary production in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea was measured via 14C tracer in summer 2006 to reveal their distribution features and the impact factors.Our results showed that the depth-integrated primary production ranged from 378.65 to 6 403.47 mg/(m2·d) with an average of 2 059.56 mg/(m2·d).The distribution of primary production indicated that(1) primary production in the East China Sea was higher than those in the Yellow Sea;(2) primary production in sea areas influenced by the Kuroshio waters was significantly lower than those in the shelf regions;and(3) high primary production was observed in the southeastern region of Changjiang estuary and the southwestern region of Jelu Island.The relationship between primary production and environmental factors suggested that high primary production mostly occurred in seawaters with temperature of 21-26 ℃,and the primary production was regulated by the availability of nutrients and lights.The low primary production in the regions influenced by the Kuroshio waters was ascribed to the low nutrients,and the high primary production in the southeastern region of Changjiang estuary and the southwestern region of Jelu Island was ascribed to the abundant nutrients supplied by the Changjiang river and the cold eddy.国家重点基础研究发展规划项目课题“典型水域生源要素循环及浮游植物多样性对海洋物理环境演变的响应”(2005CB422305);国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目“同位素海洋化学研究”(41125020