Transcriptional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α) regulates transformation of muscle fiber type in Schizothorax prenanti

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1ɑ, a well-known member of PGC-1 transcriptional coactivator’s family, plays a key role in various metabolic pathways. Here, we investigated the role of PGC-1ɑ in the transformation of muscle fiber type in Schizothorax prenanti. The expression of PGC-1ɑ was induced in S. prenanti muscles following fasting. Following the induction of PGC-1ɑ, the expressions of mitochondrial-related enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (COX), citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome c oxidase IV was also increased in white muscles, but the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) has no change in this condition. Notably, when the levels of PGC-1ɑ was upregulated in the condition of fasting, muscle fibres type II showed the characteristics of muscle fibres type I, with expressed myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I) and myoglobin (Mb), and suppressed myosin heavy chain II (MyHC II) in response to fasting. Therefore, we can draw conclusion that PGC-1ɑ up-regulates slow fiber type formation during the transformation of muscle fiber type in S. prenanti.Keywords: PGC-1ɑ, muscle fiber type, transformation, Schizothorax prenanti, MyHC I, MyHC I

Strong Neel ordering and luminescence correlation in a two-dimensional antiferromagnet

Magneto-optical effect has been widely used in light modulation, optical sensing and information storage. Recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals layered magnets are considered as promising platforms for investigating novel magneto-optical phenomena and devices, due to the long-range magnetic ordering down to atomically-thin thickness, rich species and tunable properties. However, majority 2D antiferromagnets suffer from low luminescence efficiency which hinders their magneto-optical investigations and applications. Here, we uncover strong light-magnetic ordering interactions in 2D antiferromagnetic MnPS3 utilizing a newly-emerged near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) mode far below its intrinsic bandgap. This ingap PL mode shows strong correlation with the Neel ordering and persists down to monolayer thickness. Combining the DFT, STEM and XPS, we illustrate the origin of the PL mode and its correlation with Neel ordering, which can be attributed to the oxygen ion-mediated states. Moreover, the PL strength can be further tuned and enhanced using ultraviolet-ozone treatment. Our studies offer an effective approach to investigate light-magnetic ordering interactions in 2D antiferromagnetic semiconductors

The Efficient Design of Lossy P-LDPC Codes over AWGN Channels

Considering the high compression requirements of transmission, lossy block codes are particularly concerned due to their good compression performance and simple implementation. This paper investigates and analyzes the distortion rate performance of protograph LDPC (P-LDPC) codes for Bernoulli sources over AWGN channels. We first analytically establish the connection between the parity check matrix of a P-LDPC code and the extra distortion caused by the noisy channels. It was found that the additional distortion related to channel noise increases with the rising total degree of a parity check matrix. Further, two design algorithms are proposed for optimizing lossy multirate P-LDPC codes, considering the effect of noisy channels. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the optimized P-LDPC codes over noisy channels

Source Quantization and Coding over Noisy Channel Analysis

Recently, lossy source coding based on linear block code has been designed using the duality principle, i.e., the channel decoding algorithm is employed to realize the lossy source coding. However, the quantization structure has not been analyzed in this compression technique, and the codebook design does not match the source characteristics well. Hence, the compression performance is not so good. To overcome this problem, the codebook design is correlated with the quantization structure in this work. It is found that the lossy source coding based on the linear block code can be defined as lattice vector quantization (VQ), which provides a new analytical perspective for the coding methodology. Then, the VQ scheme is generalized with the noisy channel to evaluate the transmission robustness of the continuous source compression. Finally, the codebook of the VQ scheme is optimally designed by uniforming the radiuses of the quantization subspace to reduce the quantization distortion. The proposed codebook outperforms existing codes in terms of its proximity to the rate–distortion limit, while also exhibiting enhanced robustness against channel noise