以生物多樣性指標評估集水區崩塌地治理優選順序

The abundance of endemic species in Taiwan is a great natural treasure accomplished by a diverse altitude ranges due to violent tectonic activities and humid tropical weather conditions with ocean surrounded. With the characteristics of few flatlands, the slope lands are inevitable and have been developed for economic and social requirement gradually, which has caused habitation shrinking of animal and plant. Furthermore, Taiwan also suffers disasters such as striking of torrential rains and typhoons during summer season annually, and is vulnerable to landslide because of fragile geology which threats to the living things. Thus, to enhance the efficiency of vegetation recovery in landslide area can benefit the habitats of species. Typhoon Morakot induced landslides and vegetation recovery rate in Kao-Ping watershed can be quickly extracted and/or derived from the satellite images in this study. The biodiversity index established in the database of the watershed can then be applied to assess the treatment priority of landslides. The result shows that the highest landslide rate in Chi-Shan and Lao-Nong watersheds are Xiao-Lin and Ching-Shui Xi sub-watersheds respectively. For vegetation recovery rate, the downstream area is higher than upstream area. For treatment priority, the top 10 of sub-watersheds almost distribute in Lao-Nong watershed. It hopes that the result could provide the related authorities as the references of environmental restoration.台灣雖位處北回歸線，但因造山運動拱起4,000 公尺海拔落差，使台灣物種跨越熱帶、溫帶及寒帶，且四面環海及高溫多雨之島嶼氣候，孕育出許多台灣特有種生物，然台灣因高山多、平地少，在高人口密度下，居民為了生活不得不開發山坡地之原始森林，此舉壓縮了動、植物之生存空間，此外，台灣山高且地質破碎，夏季之暴雨或颱風易造成大規模之崩塌，除對當地居民造成威脅外，亦影響其他物種之生存環境，為此，如何加速崩塌地之植生復育，將有助於恢復各物種之棲地。本研究以莫拉克風災為事件，利用該事件前後期之衛星影像萃取集水區崩塌區位，另計算災後集水區植生復育良窳之熱點區位，最後以生物多樣性指數配合崩塌率及植生復育率評估集水區崩塌地治理之優選順序。研究結果顯示，旗山溪及荖濃溪集水區中崩塌率最高之子集水區分別為小林及清水溪；植生復育率則為下游高於上游區位；整體崩塌地治理優先順序中，得分最高之前10 處主要分布於荖濃溪集水區。期本研究之結果可作為相關生態保育單位於環境復育之參考

フローサイトメトリーによる酵母生菌数の迅速測定

東京水産大学食品生産学科東京水産大学食品生産学科東京水産大学食品生産学科東京水産大学食品生産学科東京水産大学食品生産学

A clinical study on primary ureteral tumors

1)最近13年5ヵ月間に経験した原発性尿管腫瘍22例の平均年齢は63.6歳で, 男性は女性の3.4倍であった.2)主訴は肉眼的血尿が17例ともっとも多く, ついで顕微鏡的血尿の2例であった.3)患側は左側15例と多く, 発生部位としては下部尿管が14例であった.4)尿細胞診では, 自然尿の場合17例中5例, 逆行性腎盂造影時におけるカテーテル尿で9例中3例, 両者を併用した場合は19例中9例がclass 4以上を示した.5) IVP所見では, 無造影腎11例, 陰影欠損7例, 水腎症2例の順であった.6)病理組織学的には, 移行上皮癌19例, 扁平上皮癌1例, 粘膜下脂肪腫1例, ポリープ1例であった.7)膀胱腫瘍の併発が, 術前に4例, 術後に3例認められた.8)手術としては, 腎尿管摘出術兼膀胱部分切除術が16例ともっとも多かった.9)尿管原発性悪性腫瘍20例の1年生存率は84%, 3年生存率55%, 5年生存率35%であった.10)予後を判定する因子としては, grade, およびstageが重要であり, high gradeもしくはhigh stageの症例では, いずれも予後不良の症例が多かった.またIVP所見にて無造影腎は予後が不良であったTwenty-two cases of primary ureteral tumors treated at our Department between July 1971 and December 1984, were reviewed. The patients ranged from 28 to 83 years old (average 63.6 years). There were 17 males and 5 females (3.4:1). The affected side was predominantly the left (15) than the right (7). The most common site of the tumor growth was at the lower third of the ureter (14 cases, 63.6%). The most common initial symptom was macroscopic hematuria, which was seen in 17 cases (77.3%). The major finding of IVP was non-visualizing kidney in 11 cases (50.0%) and filling defect in 7 cases (31.8%). Positive urinary cytology was obtained in 9 cases (52.9%) by voided urine and 6 cases (66.6%) by catheterized urine. Total nephroureterectomy associated with partial cystectomy was performed in 14 cases (63.6%). Histologically, 19 cases were transitional cell carcinoma (86.8%). Associated growth of urothelial tumor in the bladder was found in 4 cases preoperatively and in 3 cases during the course of postoperative follow up. All of them were treated by transurethral resection. Overall survival rate at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years was 84, 71, 55, 46 and 35%, respectively, by the Kaplan-Meier method. The five year survival rate was 54% for the low stage group and 0% for the high stage group; 54% for the low grade group and 26% for the high grade group. (p value = not significant, generalized Wilcoxon test)