Strategic marketing 4C analysis for government institution in software & information services industry- company case study

台灣資訊軟體產業中無論是資訊服務或是總產值部分，都是逐年提升，我們也從許多研究知道解政府也努力推動軟體產業，資訊產業定義甚廣，因此我們將範圍鎖定在銷售資訊軟體。從許多的研究中，我們可以發現針對企業的行銷模式有許多研究與討論，但對於每年都有預算提撥的政府單位，其行銷的研究相對較少，且並未有針對軟體銷售的行銷策略建議出現 因此本研究是先以軟體應用層面最廣的微軟相關軟體，找出其產業價值鏈，並針對其價值鏈中，找出與個案公司最具競爭力的競爭公司，比較個案公司與競爭公司在資訊軟體產業中，對於政府單位行銷模式的優勢差異。 首先描述出個案公司與競爭公司對於政府單位的行銷策略，再逐一針對兩家公司的行銷策略，以策略行銷4C的架構，深入探討，找出個案公司在策略上未盡完美之處，依照競爭公司的優勢部分與個案公司的弱勢部分，提出行銷策略的建議與具體作法，期望能以有效的競爭策略提供給與個案公司，使之能夠以新的行銷策略，重新與競爭公司良性競爭，也更加帶動整體資訊軟體產業的景氣與產業環境

[[alternative]]A Study on Emergency Medical Care Utilization of Elderly

[[abstract]]背景：人口老化是當今世界各國共同面臨的社會變遷，在臺灣，65歲(含)以上人口占總人口的比率，於1993年達7.10%，跨越人口高齡化國家，人口結構急速老化，將直接對健康照護體系產生極大的衝擊，當然也包括急診醫療體系，老人因身體健康狀況退化諸多疾病，頻繁使用急診醫療，不僅增加醫療資源的耗用，其中亦隱含許多病患錯誤的就醫認知及醫療品質的問題，然而，我國老人急診醫療利用相關的研究數量並不多，且以全國人口為研究對象探討老人急診醫療利用之研究更是有限。目的：探討臺灣地區2012年老人急診醫療利用的情形及高頻率使用急診醫療的情形，同時探討影響老人急診醫療利用及高頻率使用急診醫療之相關因素。方法：本研究使用國家衛生研究院發行的全民健康保險研究資料庫2010年百萬人抽樣歸人檔資料，利用SAS 9.4統計套裝軟體進行資料處理及統計分析，首先使用描述性統計探討2012年臺灣地區老人急診醫療利用就醫資料；其次，分別以卡方檢定（χ2 test）、複邏輯斯迴歸探討影響老人急診醫療利用的相關因素，以及影響老人高頻率使用急診醫療之相關因素。結果：臺灣地區2012年65以上老人人口，共計128,228人，其中有31,957人曾經利用急診醫療，利用率為24.92%，總人次為62,605人次，平均每人利用次數為1.96次。男性、大於等於85歲、低收入戶、投保地於一般鄉鎮市區及高齡化市鎮、前一年門診大於30次、前一年住過院以及CCI分類大於等於3分者的急診醫療利用率較高。高頻率急診醫療利用人數為3,484人，佔10.90%；超高頻率急診醫療利用人數為141人，佔0.44%。男性、大於等於85歲、低收入戶、投保地於一般鄉鎮市區及高齡化市鎮、前一年門診大於30次、前一年住過院以及CCI分類大於等於3分者高頻率使用急診醫療的比率較高。男性、大於等於85歲、低收入戶、投保地位於一般鄉鎮市區及高齡化市鎮地區、前一年門診就診大於30次、前一年曾經住院、CCI分類大於等於3分者，較容易使用急診醫療並成為高頻率急診醫療利用者。結論：老人急診醫療利用率為24.92%，平均每人利用次數為1.96次。影響老人急診醫療利用及高頻率使用急診相關因素為性別、年齡層別、是否低收入戶、投保地區都市化程度、病患過去一年醫療利用及健康狀況。老人因為身體功能退化及諸多共病症，經常使用急診醫療，建議醫療管理者及衛生政策制定者，研擬針對老人進行健康促進活動，以改善老人健康情形及減少急診醫療利用。[[abstract]]Background: Aging societies are a worldwide trend. In Taiwan, the ratio of population aged 65 or older reached 7.10% in 1993, suggesting that Taiwan had become an aged society. The rapid growth of aging population causes considerable impact on healthcare system, including emergency care. Frequent utilization of emergency care for degeneration-related conditions is not only a burden on medical resources, but it is also a sign of incorrect perspective on the purpose of medical services and can lead to diminished quality of medical practice. Unfortunately, domestic research on emergency care utilization remains scarce, especially on a nationwide basis.Objectives: To explore the 2012 emergency care utilization of elderly population in Taiwan and frequent access of emergency care and correlation factors.Methods: In this study, LHID 2010 released by National Health Research Institute was processed and analyzed with SAS 9.4 Package. Descriptive statistics was used to explore the 2012 emergency care utilization data of Taiwanese elderly population. Chi square (χ2 test), complex logistic regression was used to explore the correlation factors of elderly population emergency care utilization and frequent access of emergency care, respectively.Results: In 2012, 128,228 Taiwanese people were elderly aged 65 or older, where 31,957 (24.92%) have accessed emergency care with 62,605 person-time, on an average of 1.96 time each individual. Men aged 85 or older of low income that have their insurance locations in typical village/town/city/district and cities/towns with more aged population, had more than 30 outpatient visits and/or hospital stay in the previous year, and with CCI classification of 3 or higher are associated with higher utilization of emergency care. Of the emergency care users, 3,484 (10.90%) were frequent users and 141 (0.44%) were very frequent users. Men aged 85 or older of lower income that have their insurance locations in typical village/town/city/district and cities/towns with more aged population, had more than 30 outpatient visits and/or hospital stay in the previous year. With CCI classification of 3 or higher are associated with higher utilization of emergency care. Men aged 85 or older of low income that have their insurance locations in typical village/town/city/district and cities/towns with more aged population, had more than 30 outpatient visits and/or hospital stay in the previous year, and with CCI classification of 3 or higher are associated with higher utilization of emergency care and become frequent emergency care users. Conclusions: The emergency care utilization rate of elderly population is 24.92%, with 1.96 times annually on average. The factors contributing to very frequent utilization of emergency care include gender, age group, economic status (low income or not), degree of urbanization at insurance location, and the medical utilization and health status of patients in the previous year. Elderly populations tend to frequently access emergency care due to degenerated body function and co-morbidities, medical authority, and health policy makers are recommended to provide elderly population with activities for health promotion to improve overall health status and lessen the stress on emergency care practitioners

老人頻繁使用急診醫療的情形及其相關因素之研究

[[abstract]]目的：探討老人使用急診醫療的情形及影響老人頻繁使用急診醫療的相關因素。方法：本研究使用全民健康保險研究資料庫，利用SAS 9.4統計套裝軟體進行資料處理及統計分析，首先使用描述性統計探討老人使用急診醫療的情形；其次，分別以卡方檢定、複邏輯斯迴歸探討影響老人頻繁使用急診醫療的相關因素。結果：研究對象共計128,228人，其中有31,957人曾經使用急診醫療，使用率為24.92%，總急診人次為62,605人次，有使用急診醫療老人平均每人使用次數為1.96次。影響老人頻繁使用急診醫療的顯著因素為男性、大於等於75歲、低收入戶、投保地位於一般鄉鎮市區及高齡化市鎮地區、前一年門診就診大於30次、前一年曾經住院、CCI分類大於等於3分者。結論：有多種因素會影響老人是否會成為頻繁使用急診醫療者。因此，建議醫療管理者及衛生政策制定者，推動及落實老人急診病人周全性老年評估，以提升老人急 診病人的整體照護品質

油壓虎鉗

[[abstract]]在手工具中,夾持工具也占據了一個相當重要的角色,其中使用虎鉗夾持工件來進行機械加工，也成為當今機械學系所必須學習的一項重要課題。學習中往往會遇到不同形狀或較難加工之工件，只學習傳統虎鉗夾持已經不符合現今所需，必須更加學習及了解各種特殊虎鉗種類；如此一來，認識傳統虎鉗與更多各種特殊虎鉗，相對於學習或實作中必能有所幫助。 在眾多的特殊虎鉗之中,以油壓虎鉗最為人知,也最被管泛利用,因此我們以實際製作一組就深入此課題,希望能加強對油壓虎鉗的認識,在此課題之中,我們探討了油壓虎鉗的夾持力,也對油壓虎鉗夾持精確的定位,作深入的討論,還思考了油壓虎鉗在CNC加工機台的適應度,也面對了如何因應特殊型的加工工件,也思考如何能更快速的夾持工件

Prevalence of and predictors for frequent utilization of emergency department of older adults

[[abstract]]目的：探討老人使用急診醫療的情形及影響老人頻繁使用急診醫療的相關因素。方法：本研究使用全民健康保險研究資料庫，利用SAS 9.4統計套裝軟體進行資料處理及統計分析，首先使用描述性統計探討老人使用急診醫療的情形；其次，分別以卡方檢定、複邏輯斯迴歸探討影響老人頻繁使用急診醫療的相關因素。結果：研究對象共計128,228人，其中有31,957人曾經使用急診醫療，使用率為24.92%，總急診人次為62,605人次，有使用急診醫療老人平均每人使用次數為1.96次。影響老人頻繁使用急診醫療的顯著因素為男性、大於等於75歲、低收入戶、投保地位於一般鄉鎮市區及高齡化市鎮地區、前一年門診就診大於30次、前一年曾經住院、CCI分類大於等於3分者。結論：有多種因素會影響老人是否會成為頻繁使用急診醫療者。因此，建議醫療管理者及衛生政策制定者，推動及落實老人急診病人周全性老年評估，以提升老人急 診病人的整體照護品質。 Objectives: To explore the prevalence of and predictors for frequent utilization of emergency department by older adults. Methods: The 2010 Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID2010) released by the National Health Research Institute of Taiwan was processed and analyzed using SAS version 9.4. Descriptive statistics was used to explore the emergency care utilization data of older adults in Taiwan. A χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the correlations factors frequent utilization of emergency department by older adults . Results: Of the 128,228 research subjects, 31,957 (24.92%) had accessed emergency care a total of 62,605 person-times, an average of 1.96 times for each person. The factors contributing to frequent utilization of emergency care included sex, age group, economic status (i.e., low income or not), degree of urbanization at insurance location, and the medical utilization and health status of patients in the previous year. Conclusions: Numerous factors affect whether older adults frequently use emergency medical care. Therefore, medical administrators and health care policymakers should promote and implement a comprehensive assessment of elderly emergency patient to improve the overall quality of the care of such patients