In situ FTIR Spectroscopic Studies of Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Small Fuel Molecules

本论文运用电化学循环伏安、原位红外反射光谱等技术研究了碱性介质中乙二醇（EG）在Pd电极上的电氧化过程，着重探索乙二醇氧化的C2物种和不同浓度乙二醇的电氧化机理并对反应产物进行定量分析。另外采用方波电位法在本体Pt上电沉积枝晶状Pt薄膜，以CO为探针分子，运用原位红外光谱研究薄膜的特殊红外性能，并获得粗糙度较大且具有显著红外增强效应的枝晶Pt薄膜，在该Pt薄膜电极上，运用原位红外光谱，检测乙醇和氨电氧化过程中产生低覆盖的中间体。主要结果如下： 1、碱性介质中乙二醇在Pd上电氧化主要生成CO2(碳酸根)，乙醇酸，乙二醛，乙醛酸，草酸；在很高电位(>0.4V)，有甲酸根的生成。在低电位区，乙二醇...In this thesis, EG electrooxidation on a bulk Pd electrode in alkaline media was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ FTIR spectroscopy (in situ FTIRS). The emphasis was placed on the exploration of the mechanism of electrooxidation of EG and its C2 derivatives, as well as the effect of EG concentrations, through a quantitative spectral analytic method developed by our group’s method. Be...学位：工学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_应用化学学号：2052009115143

Effects of Benzoapyrene Exposure on Hepatic GST Activity in Black Porgy(Sparus macrocephalus)and Variation Relationships with Hepatic Metabolic Enzymes and Biliary Metabolites

为探讨苯并[A]芘(b[A]P)暴露对鱼类的影响并筛选特异、敏感的生物标志物,研究了b[A]P对黑鲷(SPAruS MACrOCEPHAluS)肝脏谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(gST)活性的影响,并分析了肝脏7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶(ErOd)、gST活性与胆汁中b[A]P典型代谢产物3-羟基-苯并[A]芘(3-OHb[A]P)3者之间及与b[A]P之间的剂量、时间-效应关系.结果显示:在b[A]P(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0μg·l-1)暴露期间,肝脏gST活性随暴露时间总体呈“钟“形的变化趋势,在第2d时达到峰值;在第12H、1d和2d时,gST活性与b[A]P暴露浓度呈显著正相关(r12H=0.966(P<0.05)、r1d=0.953(P<0.05)、r2d=0.824(P<0.05)).与前期研究结果对比分析发现,b[A]P(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0μg·l-1)暴露7d时,胆汁中3-OHb[A]P浓度与b[A]P暴露浓度呈显著的剂量-效应关系(r=0.943,P<0.05);黑鲷肝脏gST、ErOd活性与3-OHb[A]P的对数浓度均呈显著正相关(rgST=0.740(P<0.05)、rErOd=0.839(P<0.05));2.0μg·l-1b[A]P暴露后,黑鲷肝脏ErOd、gST活性与3-OHb[A]P随暴露时间的变化趋势基本相同,但并不完全一致.鱼类肝脏ErOd、gST与胆汁中b[A]P代谢产物3者之间的变化关系较为复杂,暴露浓度和时间是影响其变化的重要因素,肝脏gST和ErOd活性比胆汁中代谢产物更易受其影响,在b[A]P的环境监测中代谢产物可能是一种更为可行的生物标志物.Effects of benzoapyrene(BaP)exposure on the activity of glutathione S -transferase(GST)in black porgy (Sparus macrocephalus)liver was studied.The dose and time response of two enzymes (7-ethoxyresorufin O -deethylase (EROD) and GST)involved in BaP metabolism and the amounts of BaP metabolites excreted into the bile were investigated.Results showed that the time -response trend on of induction of hepatic GST of black porgy was bell -shaped with a plateau at BaP exposure for 2 days.A significant dose-related increase of the GST activity in liver was observed at the exposure time of 12h, 1d and 2d (R12h=0.966, p<0.05; R1d=0.9529, p<0.05; R2d=0.824, p<0.05).Compared with our former study, the induction of hepatic EROD, GST activities and biliary 3-OH BaP of black porgy were significantly induced by BaP (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0μg·L-1)after exposure for 7 days and a significant dose -response relationship between 3-OH BaP and BaP was observed(R=0.943, p<0.05).After exposed to 2.0μg·L-1 BaP, similar variation trends of hepatic EROD, GST activities and biliary 3-OH BaP had been observed in black porgy, but those variations were not consistency with the time change completely.Those results demonstrated that the variation between hepatic metabolic enzymes and biliary metabolites were very complex.The exposure concentrations and exposure time were the most important factors which influence the variations of metabolic enzymes and metabolites.国家“863”项目(No.2007AA09Z126);国家自然科学基金项目(No.40106012;40476048;20777060);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费(No.200805090);国家海洋局青年基金(No.2008613);国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室基金(No.200712

壳聚糖絮凝法处理明黄膏提取液的研究

甘肃省自然科学基金暨中青年科技基金项目 (项目编号YS 0 11 A2 3 0 15

福建鲍几种养殖模式浅析

福建是全国鲍养殖主产区,近年来,随着鲍产业的发展,福建鲍养殖产业存在的问题逐渐凸显出来。本文总结了福建鲍的陆基工厂化养殖、浅海养殖、\"南北接力\"养殖和离岸设施养殖等4种模式,并对4种养殖模式进行对比分析,以期改进养殖管理,推动福建鲍养殖产业健康发展

Preparation of Dendritic Pt Thin Films and Their Anomalous Infrared Effects

采用方波电位,在10x10-3MOl·l-1k2PTCl6+3x10-4MOl·l-1PbAC2+0.5MOl·l-1HClO4溶液中,于本体PT电极上电沉积制备出枝晶状PT薄膜.随着沉积时间的增加,枝晶长度逐渐由400nM增加到900nM,且枝晶上的小晶粒(--10nM大小)变得密集.根据循环伏安(CV)曲线中氢吸脱附电量可得出PT薄膜具有中等粗糙度(Cr=9-36),且电极表面的粗糙度随着沉积时间增加而增大.观察到PT薄膜上吸附态CO的原位红外光谱具有明显的增强吸收效应,当沉积时间为6MIn时所制得的枝晶PT电极的红外增强效应最大.CO呈现多种谱峰形状,随着沉积时间的增加,谱峰形状依次为左高右低的双极峰(类fAnO红外效应),单极向下(表面增强红外吸收),左高右低的双极峰,单极向上(异常红外效应),左低右高的双极峰和单极向下.这表明纳米材料薄膜所呈现出的特殊红外性能,与纳米材料的尺度和聚集状态等密切相关.所制备的枝晶状PT薄膜有望为深入认识纳米材料的特殊红外性能提供一个良好的模型材料.Dendritic Pt thin films are electrodeposited on bulk Pt electrodes in 10×10 -3 mol · L -1 K 2 PtCl 6 +3× 10 -4 mol · L -1 PbAc 2 + 0.5 mol · L -1 HClO 4 using square-wave potential pulses.As the deposition time increases, the length of the Pt dendrites increases from 400 to 900 nm, and the distribution density of Pt nanoparticles (--10 nm), which consist of coiled Pt dendrites, increases greatly.From hydrogen adsorption/ desorption obtained from cyclic voltammograms (CV), the surface of the dendritic Pt thin film electrodes has a relative roughness (C r ), which increases from 9 to 36 as the deposition time increases.Maximum enhanced IR absorption of adsorbed CO (CO ad ) is observed at the deposition time of 6 min.Anomalous infrared effects for CO ad are also seen on the dendritic Pt thin film electrodes.The line shapes of CO ad change with increasing deposition time, in order: bipolar→downward→bipolar→upward→bipolar→ downward bands.Fano-like infrared effects (bipolar), surface enhanced IR absorption (enhanced downward band), and abnormal IR effects (enhanced upward band) are highly dependent on the surface architecture of the nanostructures.The as-prepared dendritic Pt thin films provide model substrates for in-depth studies of the anomalous infrared effects of CO ad in metal nanostructures.国家自然科学基金(21073152;20933004;20833005;21021002);福建省高校杰出青年科研人才培育计划(JA10003)资助项目---

光照条件对长苞铁杉种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

2004-2006年研究了在不同光照下(100%,50%,25%,10%全日照)长苞铁杉(Tsuga longibracteata)种子萌发率、幼苗存活率、幼苗生物量及其分配比例和幼苗根与叶、生理特性。结果表明,50%全日照条件下,种子萌发率和幼苗存活率最高;幼苗根、茎、叶及总生物量最高;光照的增强促使生物量往地下分配以加强根部吸收水分的能力,并促使地上部分的生物量更多的分配到叶片生长上。随着光强的提高,幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均呈下降的趋势,叶绿素a与叶绿素b比值和类胡萝卜素与总叶绿素比值呈上升趋势。在光强不超过50%时,随着光强的提高,幼苗叶片和细根的MDA含量、SOD和POD活性呈升高趋势;光照强度达到全日照时,叶片MDA含量、SOD和POD活性呈下降趋势。幼苗叶片和细根Pro含量在25%全日照时最低。50%全日照附近是长苞铁杉育苗的合适光照强度

武夷山自然保护区生物多样性研究 1.小叶黄杨矮曲林物种多样性

本文为武夷山自然保护区生物多样性GEF项目内容之一 ,调查了保护区内不同海拔高度的代表性森林生态系统的物种多样性 .小叶黄杨 (Buxussinicavar .parvifolia)林是中山矮曲林的代表性类型之一 .应用Shannon Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度、Simpson指数和PIE对武夷山小叶黄杨群落高等植物进行了物种多样性研究 .结果表明前两者是较好的多样性指标 ,该群落的Shannon Wiener指数值为 1.80 6 8,Pielou均匀度为 49.6 7% ,Simpson指数值为 2 .9146 ,PIE为 0 .6 5 6 9.群落乔木层与藤本植物的物种多样性较高 ,前者各项指数值分别为 2 .2 312 ,71.16 % ,5 .0 783,0 .80 31;后者各项指数值分别为 1.3371,83.0 8% ,3.5 32 7,0 .716 9

广州戊型病毒性肝炎暴发株和散发株部分序列比较

目的了解广州某部新兵连戊型病毒性肝炎(戊型肝炎)暴发流行的分子病毒学特征,并与当地散发毒株比较,以查找病原可能来源。方法用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法,对抗HEV-IgM阳性的34例暴发性戊型肝炎及46例散发性戊型肝炎患者的血清和粪便标本进行HEVRNA检测,并对HEVRNA阳性标本的基因开放读码框(ORF)2部分片段进行克隆测序分析。结果34例暴发流行病例标本中检测出12株病毒,46例散发病例标本中检到2株。经克隆测序分析,各暴发毒株的核苷酸同源性为95.3%~100%;氨基酸同源性为94.0%~100%。且暴发毒株和散发毒株的核苷酸及氨基酸的同源性也较高,分别为95.3%~99.3%和94.0%~100%;暴发毒株和散发毒株与各型中的标准株相比,与Jap1株同源性最高,其核苷酸同源性为92.0%~95.3%,氨基酸同源性为96.0%~100.0%。进化树分析提示本次戊型肝炎暴发流行病毒株与戊型肝炎病毒基因Ⅳ型距离最近。结论本次戊型肝炎暴发流行的病原可能来于广州本地;广州地区戊型肝炎流行毒株属戊型肝炎基因型Ⅳ型

Effects of Benzo［a］pyrene Exposure on Hepatic GST Activity in Black Porgy（Sparus macrocephalus）and Variation Relationships with Hepatic Metabolic Enzymes and Biliary Metabolites

[摘要]：：为探讨苯并［a］芘（B［a］P）暴露对鱼类的影响并筛选特异、敏感的生物标志物，研究了B［a］P 对黑鲷（Sparus macrocephalus）肝脏谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活性的影响，并分析了肝脏7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶（EROD）、GST 活性与胆汁中B［a］P 典型代谢产物3-羟基-苯并［a］芘（3-OH B［a］P）3 者之间及与B［a］P 之间的剂量、时间-效应 关系. 结果显示：在B［a］P（0.5、1.0、2.0 和5.0μg·L-1）暴露期间，肝脏GST 活性随暴露时间总体呈“钟”形的变化趋 势，在第2d 时达到峰值；在第12h、1d 和2d 时，GST 活性与B［a］P 暴露浓度呈显著正相关（R12h=0.966（p<0.05）、R1d= 0.953（p<0.05）、R2d=0.824（p<0.05））. 与前期研究结果对比分析发现，B［a］P（0.5、1.0、2.0 和5.0μg·L-1）暴露7d 时， 胆汁中3-OH B［a］P 浓度与B［a］P 暴露浓度呈显著的剂量-效应关系（R=0.943，p<0.05）；黑鲷肝脏GST、EROD 活性 与3 -OH B［a］P 的对数浓度均呈显著正相关（RGST=0.740（p <0.05）、REROD=0.839（p <0.05））；2.0μg·L-1 B［a］P 暴露 后，黑鲷肝脏EROD、GST 活性与3-OH B［a］P 随暴露时间的变化趋势基本相同，但并不完全一致. 鱼类肝脏EROD、 GST 与胆汁中B［a］P 代谢产物3 者之间的变化关系较为复杂，暴露浓度和时间是影响其变化的重要因素，肝脏GST 和EROD 活性比胆汁中代谢产物更易受其影响，在B［a］P 的环境监测中代谢产物可能是一种更为可行的生物标志物.[Abstract]:Effects of benzo［a］pyrene（B［a］P）exposure on the activity of glutathione S -transferase（GST）in black porgy （Sparus macrocephalus）liver was studied. The dose and time response of two enzymes （7 -ethoxyresorufin O -deethylase （EROD） and GST）involved in B［a］P metabolism and the amounts of B［a］P metabolites excreted into the bile were investigated. Results showed that the time -response trend on of induction of hepatic GST of black porgy was bell -shaped with a plateau at B［a］P exposure for 2 days. A significant dose -related increase of the GST activity in liver was observed at the exposure time of 12h, 1d and 2d （R12h=0.966, p<0.05; R1d=0.9529, p<0.05; R2d=0.824, p<0.05）. Compared with our former study, the induction of hepatic EROD, GST activities and biliary 3-OH B［a］P of black porgy were significantly induced by B［a］P （0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0μg·L-1）after exposure for 7 days and a significant dose -response relationship between 3-OH B［a］P and B［a］P was observed（R=0.943, p<0.05）. After exposed to 2.0μg·L-1 B［a］P, similar variation trends of hepatic EROD, GST activities and biliary 3-OH B［a］P had been observed in black porgy, but those variations were not consistency with the time change completely. Those results demonstrated that the variation between hepatic metabolic enzymes and biliary metabolites were very complex. The exposure concentrations and exposure time were the most important factors which influence the variations of metabolic enzymes and metabolites.：国家“863”项目（No. 2007AA09Z126）；国家自然科学基金项目（No. 40106012；40476048；20777060）；海洋公益性行业 科研专项经费（No. 200805090）；国家海洋局青年基金（No. 2008613）；国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室基金（No. 200712

低温胁迫对长苞铁杉幼苗的生理影响

经模拟低温(-12、-8、-4、0、4℃)胁迫处理后,长苞铁杉幼苗叶片和根系相关生理指标均发生明显变化.随着温度降低,叶片光合色素含量增加,但反映光合活性强弱的Chla/Chlb降低;叶片中渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加,呈极显著正相关(r=0.804,p<0.01),根系中可溶性糖含量的减少说明根对低温胁迫的渗透调节更依赖于脯氨酸的累积.幼苗在-4℃及更低温度胁迫下受到严重的冻害使SOD活性持续下降,叶片中POD活性与SOD活性变化呈极显著负相关(r=-0.908,p<0.01),但根系中POD活性与SOD活性没有相关性,说明长苞铁杉幼苗对抗外界胁迫机理的复杂性.叶片MDA含量比根系低可能与叶片中Car能缓解1O2对细胞的伤害有关