Study on degradation mechanism of triazophos in waters and intertidal sediment

摘要三唑磷是一种高效、中毒、广谱有机磷杀虫、杀螨剂，主要应用于水稻、棉花、玉米、蔬菜和果树的虫害防治。三唑磷的环境化学行为及其废水的photo-Fenton处理研究，目前还鲜有报道。本论文对三唑磷的水解、在滩涂沉积物中的降解以及在水中的photo-Fenton降解进行了研究，主要内容包括以下三部分：（1）对三唑磷在不同pH值缓冲溶液、不同浓度NaOH溶液、水库水和海水中的水解动力学和水解产物进行了研究。结果表明，三唑磷在上述溶液中的水解反应遵从一级反应动力学规律。在pH4～10的缓冲溶液中，总体而言三唑磷的水解速率常数（kobsd）随着pH值的增加而增大；其中在pH4～6范围内，kobsd随p...ABSTRACT Triazophos is a moderately toxic and broad-spectrum, nonsystemic organophosphorus pesticide. It has been put into agricultural use on various crops such as paddy, cotton, maize, vegetable and fruiter. Until now, little is known on the triazophos environmental behaviors and the photo-Fenton treatment of triazophos–contaminated water. This work contributes to the degradation of t...学位：工学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学研究中心_环境科学学号：B20013400

液相色谱-串联质谱前驱离子扫描非靶向筛查卤代有机物

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)前驱离子扫描(PIS)非靶向筛查卤代有机物的分析方法。卤代有机物在PIS分析中产生的卤素碎片离子能通过PIS Q3预设的质核比通道(m/z 35、37、79、81和127),根据通过的质核比通道可判断卤代有机物种类,并获取其分子离子质核比信息,而非卤代有机物无法通过PIS Q3的筛选。当Q2碰撞能为50 eV时,PIS对卤代有机物具有较高的灵敏度。利用伯努利概型总结了不同卤代有机物的理论同位素峰数量和丰度比的规律,结合PIS分析结果可判断有机物携带卤素原子数量。本方法成功应用于实验室样品和海水中卤代有机物的筛查,未来有望用于其它环境样品中卤代有机物的快速筛检。国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.21477115,21876142)资助~

几种典型羟基化多溴联苯醚和多溴联苯的合成、纯化及鉴定

通过耦合、氧化和溴化等基本有机化学反应,合成并纯化了几种典型羟基多溴联苯醚和多溴联苯.通过C18半制备高效液相色谱柱对反应粗成品进行分离与纯化,以气相色谱-质谱和氢谱核磁共振对产物进行结构鉴定与表征.结果表明,合成制备的产物与目标物一致,纯度达99%以上.国家自然科学基金(21277124;21477115)资

外贸企业计算机财务会计信息系统

外贸企业计算机财务会计信息系统厦门大学计算机系林坤辉，吴碧霞厦门外贸集团公司房德钦，林古鸿一、研究概况我国当前会计改革的重点表现在“两化”上；一是会计方法的国际化，与国际惯例“接轨”；二是会计核算手段的电算化。外贸企业的市场竞争异常激烈，其自身经营机..

Formation of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins via goethite-catalyzed oxidation of bromophenols

探究了针铁矿催化转化溴酚(2,4-dbP或2,4,6-TbP)生成羟基化多溴联苯醚(HO-PbdES)和溴代二噁英(Pbdd/fS)的可能性.结果表明,针铁矿可以在常温和干反应条件下有效地催化转化溴酚化合物生成HO-PbdES和Pbdd/fS.反应16 d,97.3%的2,4-dbP被针铁矿氧化转化,其中2.4%被转化为2′-OH-bdE-68,2.8%被转化为2,2′-OH-bb-80,0.2%被转化1,3,8-Trbdd,0.4%被转化为2,4,6,8-TEbdf.同样的反应时间内,98.7%的2,4,6-TbP被针铁矿氧化转化,反应产物可能为2′-OH-bdE-121、4′-OH-bdE-121、1,3,6,8-TEbdd和1,3,7,9-TEbdd.根据检测到的产物,提出了针铁矿氧化转化溴酚的可能途径.The formation of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers( HO-PBDEs) and brominated dibenzop-dioxins, dibenzofurans( PBDD/ Fs) from goethite-catalyzed oxidation of bromophenols( BPs, e.g., 2, 4-DBP and 2, 4, 6-TBP) was investigated.Results showed that goethite readily catalyzed the conversion of 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP to HO-PBDEs and PBDD/ Fs under dry conditions and at ambient temperature.In 16 d, 97.3% of 2,4-DBP was converted and the yields of 2′-OH-BDE-68, 2,2′-OH-BB-80, 1,3,8-TrBDD and 2,4,6,8-TeBDF were 2.4%, 2.8%,0.2% and 0.4%, respectively.Similarly, 98.7% of 2,4,6-TBP was transformed and the possible reaction products were 2′-OH-BDE-121, 4′-OH-BDE-121, 1,3,6,8-TeBDD and 1,3,7,9-TeBDD.The possible formation pathways for the goethite-catalyzed oxidation of bromophenols were proposed.国家自然科学基金(21277124;21477115)资

The Study of α-Al2O3 Nanoparticle Doped Gel-Type Electrolyte Lithium Ion Battery

本實驗我們使用單一有機溶劑碳酸乙烯酯做溶劑，與高分子聚合物聚丙烯腈調配高分子電解質，並加入α-Al2O3奈米顆粒製成奈米複合高分子電解質。藉由碳酸乙烯酯的高沸點以及高含量的聚丙烯腈讓電解質接近固態提升鋰電池安全性。 我們使用X-Ray粉末繞射、熱差分析、熱重分析、循環伏安法分析、交流阻抗分析以及電池充放電等不同方法研究電解質，與使用磷酸亞鐵鋰為正極，鋰金屬為負極所製成的電池。 實驗結果顯示電解質中摻雜奈米粒子能有效提高電解質導電度。實驗中我們參雜奈米粒子越多導電度越高。α-Al2O3的摻雜能降低界面間的阻抗，以及降低電解質結晶程度。聚丙烯腈含量多的電解質接近固態，在熱分析上顯示在高溫工作時的安全性。最後使用接近固態且導電度最高的奈米複合高分子電解質製成鋰電池，可以提升導電度以及降低界面阻抗，並能有效提升鋰電池蓄電量。Nano-composite polymer electrolytes were prepared by mixing various amounts of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN), ethylene carbonate, and α-Al2O3 nano-particles. Batteries using these nano-composite polymer electrolytes were assembled with lithium iron phosphate and lithium metal as electrodes. Both electrolyte and the battery were characterized by powdered x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance analysis and battery charger/ discharger. Adding α-Al2O3 nano-particles in polymer electrolytes can effectively increase the conductivity of lithium ion, reduce the crystalline phase of PAN, and the interface resistances between the electrolyte and the electrodes. The electrolyte becomes solid as more PAN is added. This can improve the safety and the charge capacity of the battery.第一章 緒論 1-1 前言……………………………………………………………1 1-2 電池原理介紹…………………………………………………3 1-3 奈米複合高分子電解質相關研究……………………………11 1-4 正極材料………………………………………………………12 1-5 負極材料………………………………………………………19 1-6 研究動機與目的………………………………………………20 第二章 研究方法 2-1 正極電極片備製…………………………………………………22 2-2 奈米複合高分子電解質調配……………………………………23 2-3 量測配置………………………………………………………24 2-3-1 電池罐體裝配……………………………………………24 2-3-2 電阻值量測…………………………………………………25 2-4 量測儀器設備及原理簡介………………………………………26 2-4-1 交流阻抗分析儀……………………………………………26 2-4-2 循環伏安儀…………………………………………………37 2-4-3 DSC熱差分析儀…………………………………………39 第三章 結果與討論 3-1 奈米複合高分子電解質分析……………………………………42 3-1-1經多次充放電完成後奈米複合高分子電解質阻抗值………42 3-1-2 X-Ray 繞射分析……………………………………………47 3-1-3 DSC 熱差分析……………………………………………49 3-1-4 TGA 熱重分析…………………………………………51 3-2鋰離子在電池各界面阻抗的分析…………………………………52 3-3 充放電效率表現……………………………………………61 3-3-1循環伏安法測試………………………………………………61 3-3-2 充放電循環表現 ……………………………………………64 第四章 結論………………………………………………………70 參考文獻……………………………………………………………7

Environmental Behaviors and Ecotoxicology of the Emerging Contaminants Polyhalogenated Carbazoles

卤代咔唑(PHCs)是一类与多氯二苯并呋喃结构相类似的新型环境有机污染物.单种卤素取代的PHCs具有135个同系物.绝大多数PHCs不是人类合成化学品或工业品.虽然20世纪80年代即首次在环境中发现PHCs,但直到本世纪这类化合物才逐渐引起人们的关注.近年来,20余种PHCs在河流湖泊沉积物和土壤中被陆续检出.另外,PHCs具有类二噁英毒性、持久性和生物累积性.作为一类新型污染物,PHCs的环境行为研究目前相对较少.因此,了解PHCs的环境分布、来源和生态毒理效应对正确认识这类化合物的环境风险具有重要意义.本文综述了PHCs的环境分布、来源、分析方法和生态毒理效应,并对其未来的研究发展方向作了展望.Polyhalogenated carbazoles( PHCs),with a complex chemical structure similar to polychlorinated dibenzofurans,are a class of emerging environmental organic contaminants. There are 135 congeners for PHCs with a pure halogenation. Most of PHCs are not man-made products. Although PHCs in the environment were firstly discovered in the 1980 s,these emerging halogenated compounds were not seriously considered until recent years. Recently,more than 20 PHCs have been detected in sediment and soil samples. In addition,studies have shown that PHCs exhibited dioxin-like toxicity and were persistent and bioaccumulative. Therefore,it is very important to understand the distribution,origins and ecotoxicology of PHCs for a better assessment of their environmental risks. To date,research on the environmental behaviors of PHCs is relatively limited and warrants further investigations. In this review,the environmental distribution,source,analytical methods and toxicity of PHCs were summarized and future research needs were outlined.国家自然科学基金项目(21277124,21477115

Design and application of an inkjet process system based on a commercial inkjet printer

本論文重點在設計製作一套可噴印繪製電路圖形的噴墨系統及其製程研究，期望能以噴墨技術製作印刷電路板及電子元件，提供有別於現有製造印刷電路板、電子元件中微影、蝕刻製程的製作方式，來達到降低成本、減少開發時程及環境污染，以符合未來趨勢的需求。此噴墨系統是以修改商用熱泡式HP1120C印表機的方式來建構噴墨系統，在建構噴墨系統的設計上，採用上銀科技精密線性模組KK6010P 搭配步進馬達及齒輪組，取代原有印表機滾筒式送紙機構，並且增設一個平板式加熱器及定位回歸系統，使系統能達到可噴印於軟性或硬脆不同的基材上、控制噴印基材的加熱溫度及進行重複噴印的功能需求。經實驗証實其所建構的噴墨系統噴印的解析度達到600 x 600 dpi，X軸及Y軸的重複精度達到±40μm，系統的最大噴印尺寸可達210mm × 297mm，可控制基板加熱溫度達到室溫200oC。 以此建構的噴墨系統試驗噴印奈米銀墨水，在使用HP51645A的噴墨頭，採用昇龍工業FA124奈米銀母液，其粒徑小於20nm、以調配墨水銀含量4%的奈米銀墨水進行噴印實驗，控制不同基材溫度於玻璃、PET、PI基材上，可得到其最小線寛可在100~150μm範圍之內的平滑線條；重覆噴印十層奈米銀墨水於基材溫度90 oC的玻璃基材上，再經過高溫烤箱280oC熱處理30分鐘後，其電阻率可達7.7μΩ-cm；實際噴印繪製出電路圖形於相片紙上，再接合電子元件於噴印後的電路圖形且經測試其功能正常，証明其所建講之噴墨系統其效能已可達製作一般印刷電路板之要求。The purpose of this thesis is to design an inkjet system for microelectronic fabrication process using a commercial inkjet printer. The inkjet system is expected to be applied in microelectronic fabrication to achieve cost down, fast prototyping and less environmental pollution. We have developed this inkjet process system based on a commercial HP1120C inkjet printer. In order to enable our design functions such as auto-zero positioning, substrate temperature control and repeatable printing, a linear stage (HIWIN KK6010P) combined with gears and an additional substrate heating system were used to replace the original paper roller in the HP1120C inkjet printer. The performance of this inkjet process system can achieve resolution up to 600×600 dpi, drop placement accuracy of ±40μm, flat substrate up to 210 mm×297 mm in size, and substrate temperature control up to 200°C. This printing system has been demonstrated using a nano-silver ink for microelectronic circuit fabrication. In these experiments, the nano-silver ink (particle size <20 nm) was filled in an HP 51645A ink cartridge and the solid content of nano-silver ink was adjust to be near 4%. It was found that the substrate temperature had a large effect on the printing linewidth. A smooth minimum linewidth of 100~150 μm can be controlled when various substrate materials (glass, polyethylene terephthalate and polymide) were used in this inkjet process system. Furthermore, the resistivity of the printed silver film can reach 7.7μΩ-cm after repeatable printing on the glass substrate (10 times, substrate temperature of 90°C, and post baking at 280°C for 30 min) using this nano-silver ink. These results confirm the capability of the developed inkjet process system.誌謝 I 摘要 II ABSTRACT III 論文目錄 VI 表目錄 VII 圖目錄 VIII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 前言. 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 1 1.3 文獻回顧 2 1.4 論文架構 3 第二章 相關技術 4 2.1噴墨技術 4 2.1.1 熱氣泡式噴墨 4 2.1.2 壓電式噴墨 6 2.1.3 熱氣泡式噴墨與壓電式噴墨的比較 7 2.2 印刷電路板技術 8 2.2.1 印刷電路板基本製作流程 8 2.2.2 印刷電路板圖案基本規格 9 第三章 噴墨系統設計 11 3.1 噴墨系統設計概念 11 3.2 噴墨印表機系統架構 11 3.3 噴墨系統架構 12 3.3.1 選用HP1120C印表機的原因 12 3.3.2 滾筒式機構的缺點及限制 13 3.3.3 平板式加熱器 14 3.3.4 系統齒輪比計算 14 3.3.5 噴墨系統定位回歸系統 15 3.3.6 新機構組成及優點 16 3.4 系統架設與測試 16 第四章 實驗結果與討論 18 4.1 奈米銀墨水特性 18 4.2 噴印基材特性分析 19 4.3 不噴墨基材噴墨 21 4.3.1 基板溫度的影響 21 4.3.2 熱處理溫度及時間的影響 22 4.3.3重複噴印次數的影響 23 4.4 吸墨基材噴墨 24 4.5 噴印結果探討 24 4.6實際電路圖形噴印 26 第五章 結論與未來展望 27 5.1 結論. 28 5.2未來研究發展方向及建議 29 參考文獻 31 附錄A HP1120C相關規格 77 附錄B KK6010P精密線性模組規格表 78 附錄C MITSUMI步進馬達規格表 79 附錄D TORY 步進馬達規格表 8

Research progress on the analysis of microplastics in the environment

微塑料是尺寸介于0.2-5.0; mm不同形态塑料的统称.微塑料随海流漂流无国界,溯源追责困难.近年来,微塑料已成为全球海洋和海岸带环境中一种备受关注的新型污染物.微塑料在环境中; 的迁移、转化、归趋和生态毒理效应值得深入研究,因此建立准确、高效的微塑料分析方法十分必要.本文系统地综述了国内外环境样品微塑料的采集、预处理、定; 性定量分析方法,比较了各方法的优缺点及应用范围.针对现阶段微塑料分析方法存在的问题和不足,提出进一步研究的方向.Microplastics are general description for plastics with sizes ranging; from 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm. Microplastics can drift with ocean currents and; it's hard to trace their sources. Recently, microplastics have become a; class of emerging pollutants in the global ocean and costal environment.; To investigate their transport,transformation,fate and ecotoxicological; effects,it is necessary and imperative to establish accurate and; efficient methods to analyze microplastics in the environment. In this; review,we systematically summarized the sampling,preparation,qualitative; and quantitative methods in the analysis of microplastics in; environmental samples. The pros and cons of each method were compared.; Based on the current research status,further research needs are also; proposed.国家自然科学基

一种多功能智能医疗床的设计与仿真分析

针对人口老龄化带来的市场需求问题，基于马斯洛需求理论和人机工程学设计了一种多功能智能医疗床。根据市场调研和数据分析，确定驱动与停止功能、姿势变化功能、人机操作界面、辅助生理功能，并设计相应机构。基于Pro/E软件设计医疗床的三维模型，采用Matlab进行理论计算，利用Adams软件对主要机构进行仿真和运动学分析，利用ANSYS软件对智能医疗床的关键零部件进行静力学分析。研究结果证明，医疗床方案可行，满足强度和刚度条件，变形角度达到设计要求，参数设计合理，满足人体工程学