Grain Size Distribution and Content of Carbon, Nitrogen of Bottom Sediments from the Ariake Bay

91 Marine sediment samples were dredged from the Ariake Bay in West Kyusyu on June 1997. We analyzed the grain size distribution, contents of calcium carbonate, organic carbon and organic nitrogen of these samples. Median diameter ; Md of gravelly sand in the bay-mouth area is 0-1_φ. Md of medium sand in the center area is 1-2φ. Md of mud in the bay-head area is over 9φ. The sediments of these area were classified into six sediment types, that is, V, Iia, Iib, IIIa, IIIb and IV according to the grain-size. The average content of organic carbon and organic nitrogen in 91 samples are 0.51% and 0.06%, respectively. The mean ratio of C/N is 9.47. The C/N is small in the sandy sediment ; Iib. The C/N is high in the muddy sediment ; IIIa, IIIb and IV, but the gravelly sand ; V, Iia show the high values of C/N. The size of sediments are finer than the date of Kamada (1967). The current in the Ariake bay have decreased by the various factor recently. But it is not apparent that the current caused the decrease of size of sediments in the Ariake bay

Division of substrate groups and gammaridean amphipod assemblages in sublittoral Ariake Sound : a comparison between 1997 and 2002

The artificial closure of the innermost Isahaya Bay, which is an embayment situated in the inner Ariake Sound, western Kyushu, Japan, was conducted in April 1997. In June 1997 and June 2002, benthic survey was made using a Smith-McIntyre grab with a 0.05-m2 sampling area at a total of 88 stations established over the entire sublittoral area of Ariake Sound. Of the macrobenthic community, the species composition, individual density, and distribution of the gammaridean amphipod assemblage were described for the two years in relation to the substrate grain-size compositions. For the substrates, no noticeable changes were observed in the distribution of median diameter and siltclay content of sediments, and in the spatial arrangement of the three sediment groups classified based on both a group-averaged clustering and a non-metric multidimensional scaling. For the amphipod assemblage, a total of 12,434 individuals of 94 species belonging to 24 families were collected in 1997, with the most dominant species being Photis longicaudata (Family Isaeidae). In 2002, those values were 37,649 individuals, 89 species, and 27 families, with the most dominant species being Corophium sp. A (Family Corophiidae). In 1997, the 11 most dominant species comprised 72% of the total number of individuals, while in 2002, the six: species and 11 species accounted for 71% and 86%, respectively. Of these 11 species in 2002, seven species CCorophium sp. A, Photis reinhardi, Gammaropsis utinomii, C. crassicorne, Ericthonius pugnax, Corophium sp. B, Lembos clavatus) have remarkably increased their total numbers of individuals from 1997 by a factor of 5.7 to 152.0. Except for L. clavafus, these species belong to Corophiidae or Isaeidae. The 11 most dominant species in each year mainly occupied the largest sediment group of Ariake Sound distributed along its longitudinal axis and outside Isahaya Bay, with poorly-sorted medium to coarse sand. In this area, the above-mentioned six dominant species of Corophiidae or Isaeidae have expanded their distribution ranges in 2002

Distribution of Debris Flow Deposits from Unzen Volcano on the River Mouth Area of Mizunashi River, Part 2,November, 1997-October, 2000

Marine sediment samples were dredged on the river mouth area of the Mizunasi River from November 1997 to October 2000. We analyzed the grain size and contents of calcium carbonate of these sediments. Volcanic ash of the debris flows by the eruption of Unzen Volcano were observed in some samples. The debris flow sediments were characterized by the mud that median diameter Mdφ was larger than 4. Before the influx of the debris flow, fine grained sand were distributed on river mouth area of the Mizunashi River. These mud by the debris flow are low calcium carbonate less than 10%. On October 2000,the area of mud are 1.09(km)^2 and the debris flow sediments still remained on the river mouth area of the Mizunashi River

Distribution of Debris Flow Deposits from Unzen Volcano on the River Mouth Area of Mizunashi River

Volcanic debris flows repeatedly occurred along the Mizunashi River by the eruption of Unzen Volcano since November 1990. Debris flow sediments were dredged on the river mouth area of the Mizunasi River from May 1993 to November 1996. We measured the thickness and analyzed the grain size of these debris flow sediments. The appearance of the debris flow sediments look like the volcanic ash from Unzen Volcano. After the intense debris flow occurred, the debris flow sediments were widely distributed. On March 1994,these sediments have the largest distribution. The river mouth area, sediments were characterized by the mud that median diameter was larger than 4φ. Before the influx of debris flow in this area, most of surface sediments used to be a fine grained sand. On November 1996,the debris flow sediments remained on the river mouth area of the Mizunashi River

内反小趾変形のX線学的形態の特徴

Background: Bunionette deformity is characterized as head hypertrophy, lateral bowing, or splaying of the fifth metatarsal, or a combination of these deformities. Most previous studies have focused on the fourth and fifth metatarsals; few have analyzed the radiographic morphologic characteristics of the entire foot. The morphologic characteristics of the entire foot in cases of symptomatic bunionette deformity were analyzed with a radiographic image-mapping system. Methods: The system was used for the morphologic analysis of 112 feet with symptomatic deformity and 123 asymptomatic control feet. The mapping system includes 2-dimensional coordinates. We compared morphologies of both groups on the basis of simple models prepared from x and y coordinates of each reference point, calculated by using the mapping system and various angle measurements. We set cutoff values and categorized cases according to Fallat’s system. We evaluated the characteristics of each type and a new deformity type (type V) wherein no measurement exceeded the cutoff values. Results: The heads of the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsals were more laterally displaced, and the angles between the metatarsal axes were larger in the deformity group. Comparison of deformity types showed that the morphology of the fifth metatarsal might be only one cause of deformity. The intermetatarsal angles between the second and third metatarsals and between the third and fourth metatarsals were larger in deformity type II and type V feet than in control feet. Additionally, the intermetatarsal angles between the third and fourth metatarsals and between the fourth and fifth metatarsals were larger in deformity type III and type IV feet than in control feet. Conclusion: We believe it is necessary to not only focus on the fourth and fifth metatarsals, but also assess the morphologic characteristics of the entire foot in patients with a bunionette, including splaying of all the metatarsals and the forefoot width, when planning surgery. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.博士（医学）・甲第651号・平成28年3月15日© The Author(s) 2015Copyright © 2016 by American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle SocietyThe definitive version is available at " http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100715614923

女子大学生における姿勢矯正の意識と姿勢変化の関連について

女子大学生105名を対象に,正しい姿勢をとるための意識,およびそのように意識した時の姿勢変化の関係,姿勢と自覚症状との関係,さらには姿勢に対する関心や認識を総合的に調査・検討を行った.対象者の姿勢は,良好・そり腰・猫背,さらにそり腰と猫背の両方の条件をみたしているそり腰+猫背の4つに分類した.良い姿勢をとろうとしたときの意識,自覚症状,ハイヒールを履く頻度をアンケートにより調査した.得られた結果を以下にまとめた.(1)平常時の姿勢において良好者が少なく,早急な対策が必要である.(2)頭部が著しく前方に移動している姿勢の割合が高かった.頚椎も一緒に対策を講じる必要がある.(3)良い姿勢を意識することで,猫背は解消されるが,そり腰が増加し,結局良好は増えない.胸部と腰部の湾曲も適正になるような,矯正のための言葉を考えることが大切であろう.(4)平常時姿勢ごとの,良い姿勢をとるための意識の差異について検討した.その結果,強く意識することに平常時の姿勢ごとに違いは認められなかった.(5)平常時姿勢が同一で,課題姿勢が異なる群ごとに姿勢矯正の意識の平均値を算出し,差の検定をおこなったが,有意な差を認めることはできなかった.(6)姿勢を矯正するために,集団による一般的な傾向を理解させたのでは難しく,個別に行う必要があることが示唆された.(7)女子大生が自覚症状を訴える率は高率であるものの,今回,姿勢やヒールの高い履物との関係を認めることはできなかった.(8)自分自身の姿勢に対する認識や関心においても,平常時の姿勢ごとに差異を認めることはできなかった.The purpose of this research was an investigation of relation between posture change and consideration of posture correction, relation between posture and subjective symptom, and concern to posture, in 105 female university students. University women\u27s posture was classified into four type (ideal posture, posture that leant back, stoop, and stoop+posture that leant back ). The results obtained are as follows. The student with ideal posture was few in normal circumstances. The ratio of posture where the head remarkably moved forward was high. Ideal posture has not increased because posture that leant back increased though the stoop decreased because it considers the correction of posture. There was no difference in the strong consideration in the posture of four types in normal circumstances. It was suggested to have to do individually to correct posture. There was no relation between frequency in which it put on high-heeled shoes and posture though the rate that the university women appealed for the subjective symptom was high. In recognition and the concern for own posture, the difference of four types posture in normal circumstances was not able to be admitted