Current Situation of the Ethnic Chinese and Capital in Indonesia

印度尼西亚是东南亚地区华人数量最多的国家,由于历史原因,华人在印尼大多从商。本文以印尼官方公布的数据和部分权威统计资料为主要依据,对印尼华人和华商资本数量进行推估,指出印尼华人约达1000万,华商资本达1638亿美元。自1980年印尼政府放宽华侨入籍条件后,绝大部分印尼华侨通过入籍成为印尼公民,而华侨经济也自然演变为华人经济,成为印尼国民经济的重要组成部分。但目前印尼华商资本仍面临诸多困境,发展前景不容乐观。Indonesia has the largest number of the ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia.For historical reasons,most ethnic Chinese do business in Indonesia.This paper try to estimate the number of the ethnic Chinese and their capital in Indonesia based on the data released by the government and some authoritative statistics.The new estimation of the ethnic Chinese population in Indonesia is 10 million,the capital is 163.8 billion dollars.After the Government of Indonesia to relax the restrictions of Chinese citizenship in 1980s,the overwhelming majority of overseas Chinese became ethnic Chinese in Indonesia through naturalization.At the same time,the overseas Chinese economy also evolved into ethnic Chinese economy,which became an important part of the Indonesian national economy.But recently the capital of the ethnic Chinese enterprise is faced with many difficulties,whose future is not optimistic

光环境生物效应及其模拟实验装备研究进展

光是人、动物和植物赖以生存的基本条件。光环境作为一种物理环境因素,其生物效应具有十分重要的理论和应用价值。光环境对人的生理、心理及行为产生重要影响,对动物昼夜节律、定位系统和生长繁育的影响也已受到诸多关注;同时,光是植物赖以生存的基础,是植物一切生化反应的能量来源。综述了光环境生物效应的研究进展,指出已有的文献仅限于以复色光为研究对象,对特定波长的光效应、光暴露时间及光质效应的研究甚少。进一步阐明目前光环境模拟实验装备的研制所遇到的关键\"瓶颈\"是缺乏能够在一定波长范围内输出较高功率的单色光光源,且无配备生物学培养装置,不可能在实验室实现对单色光环境的模拟。因此,其发展当务之急是先构建光环境暴露的科学实验平台。同时对光环境生物效应的研究方向及光模拟实验装备的应用前景进行了展望。中国科学院科研装备研制项目(YZ201104,YZ201303);中国科学院STS计划(Y6I0921A20)资

Anti-resonance features of destructive quantum interference in single-molecule thiophene junctions achieved by electrochemical gating

基于单个有机分子来构筑电子器件为电子器件微型化提供潜在技术方案。本研究发展了可集成电化学门控的单分子电子器件测试芯片技术和科学仪器方法，在实验和理论两个层面对具有相消量子干涉效应的噻吩衍生物分子器件的电输运过程进行了电化学调控研究，从而首次在室温下实现了对单分子电子器件中量子干涉效应的反共振现象的直接观测和调控，为制备基于量子干涉效应的新型分子材料和器件提供了全新的设计思路和策略。该研究充分展示了电化学调控技术在信息材料和器件领域的重要应用潜力，也体现了我校固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室在电化学研究和科学仪器研发领域的技术积累，以及面向科学前沿开展交叉学科探索的研究特色。 该研究工作是在洪文晶教授、上海电力大学陈文博教授、英国兰卡斯特大学Colin Lambert教授指导下完成的。化学化工学院博士生白杰和李晓慧为论文的共同第一作者，刘俊扬副研究员、师佳副教授、研究生唐永翔、刘帅、黄晓娟、谭志冰和萨本栋微纳研究院的杨杨副教授等也参与了研究工作。田中群教授和毛秉伟教授为该工作提供了重要指导。【Abstract】Controlling the electrical conductance and in particular the occurrence of quantum interference in single-molecule junctions through gating effects, has potential for the realization of high-performance functional molecular devices. In this work, we used an electrochemically-gated, mechanically-controllable break junction technique to tune the electronic behaviour of thiophene-based molecular junctions that show destructive quantum interference (DQI) features. By varying the voltage applied to the electrochemical gate at room temperature, we reached a conductance minimum that provides direct evidence of charge transport controlled by an anti-resonance arising from DQI. Our molecular system enables conductance tuning close to two orders of magnitude within the non-faradaic potential region, which is significantly higher than that achieved with molecules not showing DQI. Our experimental results, interpreted using quantum transport theory, demonstrate that electrochemical gating is a promising strategy for obtaining improved in-situ control over the electrical performance of interference-based molecular devices.This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21722305, 21673195, 21503179, 21703188), the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (17ZR1447100), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (14DZ2261000), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060) for funding work in Xiamen. It was also supported by EU Horizon 2020 project QuIET under grant agreement no. 767187EC FP7 ITN ‘MOLESCO’ project no. 606728 and UK EPSRC grants EP/N017188/1 and EP/M014452/1 and Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Early Career Fellowships no. ECF-2017-186 and ECF-2018-375) for funding instrumentation used in Lancaster. It was also supported by Hungarian and Czech Academies of Sciences (P2015-107) and Hungarian Research Foundation (OTKA 112034) for funding instrumentation used in Hungary. The authors thank Z.-Q. Tian and B.-W. Mao, Xiamen University, for useful discussions. 该工作获得科技部国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），国家自然科学基金委优秀青年科学基金等项目（21722305、21673195、21703188、21503179）以及中国博士后科学基金（2017M622060）等项目的资助，也得到了固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

Electric-field-induced selective catalysis of single-molecule reaction

随着单分子电学检测技术的迅速发展，分子电子学的研究不再局限于分子电子学器件的构筑及其电学性质的测量，而且扩展到单分子尺度化学反应过程的探索。然而目前相关的研究仍然局限于理论计算方面，在单分子尺度上实时监测和调控化学反应的活性和选择性是化学领域的长期目标和挑战。针对这一挑战，洪文晶教授课题组与程俊教授课题组合作，自主研发了精密科学仪器，将单个有机分子定向连接在两个末端尺寸为原子级的电极之间，解决了化学反应中分子取向控制的问题.理论计算结果证实了定向电场可以有效地稳定化学反应的过渡态，从而降低反应能垒。该研究工作在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、程俊教授、能源材料化学协同创新中心（iChEM）刘俊扬副研究员的共同指导下完成，由硕士研究生黄晓艳、iChEM博士研究生唐淳、博士研究生李洁琼以及兰州大学的陈力川博士作为共同第一作者，化学化工学院师佳副教授、陈招斌高级工程师、夏海平教授和田中群教授，萨本栋微纳研究院杨扬副教授、环境与生态学院白敏冬教授以及兰州大学张浩力教授参与了研究工作的讨论并给予指导，博士后乐家波、博士研究生郑珏婷、张佩（已毕业）、李瑞豪、李晓慧也参与了研究工作。Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) offer a unique chance to tune catalytic selectivity by orienting the alignment of the electric field along the axis of the activated bond for a specific chemical reaction; however, they remain a key experimental challenge. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the OEEF-induced selective catalysis in a two-step cascade reaction of the Diels-Alder addition followed by an aromatization process. Characterized by the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique in the nanogap and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in bottles, OEEFs are found to selectively catalyze the aromatization reaction by one order of magnitude owing to the alignment of the electric field on the reaction axis. Meanwhile, the Diels-Alder reaction remained unchanged since its reaction axis is orthogonal to the electric fields. This orientation-selective catalytic effect of OEEFs reveals that chemical reactions can be selectively manipulated through the elegant alignment between the electric fields and the reaction axis.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21722305, 21703188, 21673195, 21621091, 51733004, 51525303, and 91745103), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060), and the Young Thousand Talents Project of China. 该工作得到国家自然科学基金委（21722305、21703188、21673195、51733004、51525303、91745103），国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），中国博士后面上基金（2017M622060）的资助，以及固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、醇醚酯化工清洁生产国家工程实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

Transition from tunneling leakage current to molecular tunneling in single-molecule junctions

数十年来，半导体工业一直遵循基于“摩尔定律”所设定的发展蓝图，逐步提升集成电路芯片上晶体管的集成度和运行速度，减小器件尺寸。为探索这一尺寸极限，课题组基于机械可控裂结技术自主开发了具有飞安级电学测量和亚纳米级位移控制灵敏度的科学仪器，在国际上首次获取了一系列具有不同重复单元的寡聚苯乙炔类分子电导随电极间距的演变关系，并发现随着电极间距的缩小，器件电输运由通过分子器件电流占主导逐步转变到由隧穿漏电流占主导。对于本研究中具有最小尺寸的寡聚苯乙炔分子器件，其由于隧穿漏电流所制约的尺寸极限可小至0.66 nm，预示了有机分子器件在未来电子器件小型化方面具有重要的应用潜力。 这一研究工作是在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、萨本栋微纳研究院杨扬助理教授以及英国Durham University的MartinR. Bryce教授共同指导下完成的。能源材料化学协同创新中心iChEM Fellow刘俊扬博士为论文第一作者，博士研究生郑珏婷、李瑞豪和硕士研究生黄晓艳、唐永翔、皮九婵、本科生王飞等参与了研究工作。田中群教授、毛秉伟教授和师佳副教授为论文工作提供了重要指导。【Abstract】The tunneling leakage current will be a major quantum obstacle during miniaturization in the semiconductor industry down to the scale of several nanometers. At this scale, to promote charge transport and overcome the tunneling leakage current between the source and drain terminals, molecular electronic junctions offer opportunities by inserting molecules between these two electrodes. Employing a series of oligo(aryleneethynylene) (OAE) molecules, here we investigate the transition from tunneling leakage current to molecular tunneling in the single-molecule devices using mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique, and the transition distances of the OAE molecular junctions were determined and even down to 0.66 nm for OAE2 molecular junction, which demonstrates that the intrinsic charge transport properties of a single-molecule device can be outstripped from the tunneling leakage current. Consequently, molecular electronic devices show the potential to push the ultimate limit of miniaturization to the scale of several angstroms.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902). This work was also generously supported by the Young Thousand Talent Project of China, the EC FP7 ITN “MOLESCO” project number 606728, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 21703188, 21673195, 21503179), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060). 该工作获得科技部国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），国家自然科学基金委（21673195、21703188、21503179）以及中国博士后科学基金（2017M622060）等项目的资助，也得到了固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

筒仓仓顶轨道梁调整技术

由于筒仓仓顶安装轨道梁施工方式不同，存在轨道梁基础尺寸调整工作，而轨道梁调整技术复杂，尺寸参数较多，施工人员必须把握好轨道梁调整的工艺方法。</jats:p

中心构件浮动对行星传动系统均载特性的影响

为探讨2K-H行星齿轮传动系统的均载性能，建立了考虑时变啮合刚度、综合啮合误差等非线性因素的平移-扭转耦合动力学模型，推导了系统的无量纲化18自由度的微分方程组。通过求解微分方程组，分析中心构件的支承刚度以及间隙浮动对行星轮系均载性能的影响。结果表明，在一定范围内，随着中心构件支撑刚度的减小与轴孔间隙的增大，构件的浮动量增大，系统的均载系数减小

Effects of Fertilization on Soil Water and Winter Wheat Yield in Dry Land of Loess Plateau

为给旱地农业水肥管理以及科学施肥提供参考依据,通过对长期定位试验条件下不同施肥处理的土壤水分和小麦产量变化进行研究,探讨了黄土高原旱地施肥对土壤水分及冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明,施肥对土壤剖面含水量有较大影响,各处理0~20 cm土层土壤水分含量较播前下降了4个百分点左右,20~60 cm土层剖面水分急剧下降。长期施有机肥和肥料配施均可使冬小麦加强对深层土壤水分的吸收利用,致使土壤总储水量下降,下降幅度最大的是氮肥与有机肥配施(NM)、氮磷与有机肥配施(NPM)、有机肥单施(M)和磷肥与有机肥配施(PM),较对照分别下降了28%、24%、21%和20%。施肥对小麦产量影响极显著,单施有机肥或肥料配施可使冬小麦产量增产75%以上,其中氮磷配施(NP)、有机肥单施(M)和磷有机肥配施(PM)三处理增产在90%以上。磷肥与有机肥配施(PM)水分利用效率最高,较对照提高了106.6%

REINFORCEMENT OF MORPHINE ON SELECTIVE DRINKING MOTIVATION IN RATS

目的: 研究吗啡对大鼠选择性饮水行为和动机的影响。方法: 给大鼠间歇性或连续性地饮用含吗啡的黄连素溶液 ,以大鼠在呈现两种不同溶液时选择吗啡溶液的比率为指标 ,进行测试 ,每3d一次。20d后 ,用高浓度吗啡蔗糖溶液进行干预后再测试。结果: 大鼠饮用吗啡溶液2周后 ,吗啡溶液选择比率显著升高 ,并与饮用吗啡浓度和饮用程序有关 ; 测试前饮用吗啡能降低吗啡溶液选择比率 ,亦存在显著剂量相关。结论: 吗啡可以显著性增加大鼠选择性饮水行为 ,并与给药程序有关