美国社区学院发展存在的困难、改革动向及其启示

2009年美国走出经济衰退的阴影后,政府对社区学院的投入减少,社区学院的招生出现下滑趋势。财政拨款不稳定、学生学习能力不足、对学生发展指导不力、对社会需求反应迟缓是美国社区学院当前面临的主要发展难题。为此,美国推行社区学院承诺运动,实施发展性教育和指导性路径改革,并大力推广"可叠加证书制度"与"学徒制"。这些改革措施对中国高等职业教育提升办学成效具有启示。福建省社会科学规划一般项目课题“美国社区学院的多元职能发展及对福建省应用型大学的启示”(FJ2015B162

Design and Implementation of Bank Practice Simulation Teaching System

随着银行业的产业结构调整，也为银行内部员工提出了更高的要求，而新进员工作为银行内在的新进动力，如何有效而快速地培训他们的业务基础能力，将是决定其未来工作质量的重要前提。而作为中国五大银行之首的中国工商银行早已意识到了新进员工培训的重要性。为了提高新进员工的培训效果，中国工商银行必须要迎合行业的变化发展，提出了银行实务摸拟教学系统的建设需求。 本文设计并实现的银行实务模拟教学系统是为适应我国现代金融业发展同时满足中国工商银行对于其新进员工基础业务培训的要求而独创的信息化教学系统。在仿真模拟的数字化环境中，全方位、多层次、科学地展现出现代金融业所涉及的各类业务的实现方式及其管理模式，是为中国工商...With the adjustment of Bank industry structure, it also puts forward higher demand for the bank staff, and now how to efficiently and quickly train the new employees’ business based ability will be an important prerequisite in determining the quality of their future work. And Industrial and Commercial Bank of China as the first of the China’s five big banks has been aware of the importance of the ...学位：工程硕士院系专业：软件学院_工程硕士(软件工程)学号：X201123042

A COVOLUME SCHEME WITH INTERIOR PENALTIES FOR CONVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS

In this paper, we present a mixed covolume framework with interior penalties for stationary convection-diffusion equations. To avoid numerical oscillation, the upwind technique is adopted to treat the convection term. We prove the scheme is unconditionally stable and obtain the error estimates of order O(h1/2).国家重点基础研究专项经费(1999032803) 国家自然科学基金(10372052,10271066) 教育部博士点基金资助项目(20030422047)

大肠杆菌来源的人乳头瘤病毒11型病毒样颗粒的制备及其免疫原性

【目的】利用大肠杆菌表达系统制备人乳头瘤病毒11型病毒样颗粒(HPV11VLPs),并对其免疫原性和所诱导中和抗体的型交叉反应性进行研究。【方法】在大肠杆菌ER2566中非融合表达HPV11-L1蛋白,并通过离子交换层析,疏水相互作用层析其进行纯化。纯化后的HPV11-L1经体外组装形成病毒样颗粒,通过动态光散射,透射电镜检测其形态,并通过多种HPV型别假病毒中和实验评价HPV11VLPs的免疫原性及型交叉反应性。【结果】HPV11-L1蛋白在大肠杆菌中可以以可溶形式表达。经过硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换和疏水相互作用色谱纯化,目的蛋白纯度能够达到95%以上。纯化的HPV11-L1蛋白去除还原剂DTT后,能够在体外自发组装成为直径约50nm、与天然病毒颗粒形态高度相似的VLPs。动物实验结果显示,该病毒样颗粒在小鼠体内的中和抗体半数有效剂量(ED50)为0.031μg,在小鼠体内可诱导高达106的中和抗体滴度,这些中和抗体与HPV6有较好的交叉反应,与HPV18有一定的交叉反应,而与HPV16没有明显的交叉反应,这一结果与分子进化树的分析相一致。【结论】本研究利用原核表达系统获得了具有较高免疫原性的HPV11VLPs,为HPV11预防性疫苗的研制奠定了良好的基础

Equity of the Education of Disadvantaged Groups in Universal Elementary Education (SSA) in India and its Dilemma

印度初等教育普及计划也称SSA计划,是印度政府开展的旨在推动小学教育义务教育普及和质量提高的运动。这场运动同样将促进弱势群体教育公平作为主要目标之一。为此,SSA计划采取了建立临时教育机构、实施女童特殊教育计划、实行全纳教育、推行反歧视行动细则等措施来弥合印度存在的性别上以及不同社会阶层的教育差距。十年来,SSA计划在入学人数的提高、性别差距以及基础设施的改善等方面取得了一定的成绩,但是,社会阶层、城乡和地区的教育差距状况依然严峻。总体而言,弱势群体整体的教育状况并没有得到改善,辍学率高、教育质量低依旧是弱势群体两大难题。Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan(SSA) is a comprehensive and integrated flagship program of the Government of India,to attain Universal Elementary Education and improve quality in the country.Achieving equity of the education of Disadvantaged groups is one of the aims of this Movement.To bridge the gaps of gender and social category in enrolment,retention and learning,SSA has carried out some measures,such as founding temporary education institutions,Program for education of Girls,inclusive education and affirmative action.In last ten years,some progress have been achieved in enrollment,gender gaps bridging and infrastructure improving,but gaps in social category and gaps of education between rural and urban areas are still very rigorous.In a word,the whole scene of Disadvantaged groups’education is not changed significantly.福建省教育厅A类人文社科研究项目一般项目“海西基础教育均衡发展研究”(课题编号:JA09158S)的研究成

The Movement and Issues in Improving Basic Education of Disadvantaged Group in India——Centering on the Period after the Middle of the 1980s

弱势群体占印度总人口的绝大多数,弱势群体的教育问题关系到印度普及基础教育的成败。20世纪80年代中期以后,印度中央和地方政府为促进基础教育的均衡、公平与质量的提高,密集地实施了一系列的教育计划,新千年后逐步扩大范围并形成高潮。尽管如此,弱势群体基础教育的改善仍不足以乐观,印度政府依旧面临着贫困人口居高不下、弱势群体问题敏感尖锐、地方教育机构效率低下和公立教育系统的信任危机等诸多问题。Most of population in India is disadvantaged group.The education of the disadvantaged group is the key of success of universal basic education in India.Since the middle of the 1980s,many measures had been taken to improve the quality and equality of education.After new millennium,the movement has increased its scope and arrived at its peak.However,it is not optimistic about improving of disadvantaged group's education.The key issues India government facing are the high rate of the poor,many sharp problems of disadvantaged group,the inefficiency of local education institutions and the crisis of trust about public education system.福建省教育厅A类人文社会科学研究项目一般项目《海西基础教育均衡发展研究》(项目编号:JA09158S

The Measures and Analysis in Improving Elementary Education of Disadvantaged Group in India

20世纪80年代中期后,印度政府采取完善法律法规、推行与弱势群体相关的教育计划、设立多级学术支持机构、增加教育经费投入等多项措施,力图推动基础教育的均衡、公平与质量的提高。这些措施在扩大弱势群体的入学率、推进性别平等方面取得一定成效,但辍学问题和教育质量问题依旧严峻。分析认为,有效推进弱势群体教育必须考虑:弱势群体经济问题的真正改善和贫困人口的实质性减少,公民平等共荣观念建立以及扶助弱势群体的自觉意识的形成,有效监管制度的建立和实质性运行等相关因素。From middle of 1980s,many measures had been taken to improve the quality and equality of education.These measures inclue:perfect laws,carrying out plograms,establishing academic support institutes,increasing education investment.Today,some achievement had been got in improving of disadvantaged group education,such as enlarging the rate of disadvantaged in school,pushing the equal of gender.On the other hand,there are some issues,such as the rate of poor,the executing of laws and the inefficiency of education funds.福建省教育厅A类人文社科研究项目一般项目(JA09158S

Mid-day Meal Scheme in Compulsory Education:India's Practice and Revelations

印度普及义务教育过程中的午餐计划开始于1995年,是印度中央政府提供资助的一个全国性计划,旨在向公立学校、民办公助学校及其他类型的学校和教育机构中的一至八年级学生提供免费午餐,在提高儿童的营养水平的同时,提高了入学率和巩固率。该计划的实施和监督都强调中央、邦、县和乡等多方的共同参与,它的执行不仅提高了小学生的入学率和巩固率,提高了学生的学业成绩,促进了初等教育的普及,也降低了教师的缺勤率,有助于缩小社会差距。印度午餐计划对中国当前正在推行的营养餐计划具有一定的借鉴意义。For enhancing enrollment,retention and attendance as well as for improving nutritional levels of school-age children,India in 1995 launched the Mid-day Meal Scheme(MDMS) as part of the agenda of universalizing compulsory education.The MDMS at present covers the children of classes Ⅰ-Ⅷ studying in all public,government-aided,and private schools.Over years,this scheme has been revised many times to be more effective.The authors believe that India's practice in running the MDMS has some positive implications for China's primary education

The History,Effect and Main Experiences of KIPP School in the U.S.in Twenty Years' Development

“知识就是力量项目“(kIPP)是美国特许学校的成功典范。从1994年创立至今,kIPP走过了初创期、壮大期、推广期,其办学经验和理念开始影响一些国家。kIPP采用的高标准、严要求且关注学生全程发展教育模式,不仅在各科教学中提高了学生的成绩,也帮助更多学生考上大学并顺利毕业。kIPP创立了一种适合弱势学生发展的教育模式,但在肯定它成功的同时,也应认识到kIPP只能改善但无法改变美国弱势群体不平等的社会现状。Knowledge is Power Program(KIPP) is an success paragon of charted schools in the United States.From the foundation in1994 to now,KIPP has gone through initial,fl ourishing and spreading stages.Its experiences and ideas began affecting some countries.The educational modes used by KIPP which are high standard,strict requirements and focus on whole course development of student,not only improve student' achievement in each unit,but also help more students entering college and graduating successfully.KIPP founded a kind of educational mode fi tted to disadvantaged student,however,we should know that we can only improve but not change the present unequal situation of disadvantage in U.S