Review of Coastal Biogeomorphy Progress

海滨环境孕育了各式各样的生物地貌,通过生物与环境之间的物质能量交换,海滨生态系统的生物组分与地貌组分之间双向作用得以实现。特别是在现代海岸发育进程中,生物地貌塑造者对局地地貌产生的微弱作用,可以在宏观尺度上对海滨地貌的形成和发展产生深远影响。本文简要介绍了海滨生物地貌作用的主要机制和类型、海滨环境不同生物地貌作用复杂多变的动态过程,并对研究海滨环境生物地貌作用的方法、探索生物地貌格局的多尺度成因、递归的循环过程规律以及海滨生物过程与非生物干扰及过程的相互联系等领域取得的成果进行了总结。当前,海滨生物过程和动力-沉积-地貌过程之间的双向研究已成为认识和利用生物海岸对全球变化响应和反馈作用的关键,今后还需要对不同生物地貌作用的耦合、海滨生物地貌过程的生物作用模拟以及海滨生物地貌过程的演化等问题进行深入研究。A variety of living beings live and reproduce in the coastal environments,and give effects on the geomorphy.The interactions between the biological component and the geomorphological component in the coastal ecosystem take place through the matter and energy exchange between the living beings and their surroundings.Especially in the contemporary coastal developing process,the long-term and large-scale effects on the coastal geomorphic formation and development can be given by the biogeomorphic agents al-though they may make temporarily weak actions.In this paper,the main mechanisms and types of the coastal biogeomorphic effects,and the complex dynamic processes related to various biogeomorphic effects on the coastal environments are briefly introduced.The achieved results are summed up,including the methods for studying the biogeomorphic effects on the coastal environments,the multiple causalities for the biogeomorphic forms,the regulations in the recursive process,and the mutual linkage between the bio-logical process and the nonbiological process or disturbance.At present,equal attentions have been paid to both the coastal biological process and the dynamics-sedimentation-geomorphology process,which becomes a key subject to understand and utilize the response and feedback of the biology-related coast to global change.Further studies in the future are suggested for the coupling among various biogeomorphic compo-nents,the simulation of biological roles in the coastal biogeomorphic process,and the coastal biogeomor-phic evolution process.河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放课题——红树林森林动态与海岸生物地貌过程相关性研究(SKLEC200909

沙层特性对沙盖黄土坡面产流产沙变化贡献的定量分析

沙盖黄土坡面产流产沙方式独特，侵蚀过程复杂，量化降雨过程中该类坡面产流产沙变化影响因素贡献的大小对揭示其侵蚀机理具有重要的意义。本文基于室内模拟降雨试验，定量分析沙层厚度（2 cm, 5 cm和10 cm）和粒径组成（100%粒径&le;0.25 mm、75%粒径&le;0.25 mm +25%粒径﹥0.25mm、50%粒径&le;0.25 mm +50%粒径﹥0.25 mm、未处理原沙和100%粒径﹥0.25 mm）在降雨过程中对产流产沙变化的影响和贡献。结果显示：沙层厚度增厚能明显延长产流时间，减少总产流量，增加总产沙量，增大降雨过程中产流产沙的变异性；随沙层粒径组成变粗，初始产流时间和产沙量无明显变化规律，产流量有增大趋势。沙层厚度、粒径组成及二者交互作用对初始产流时间变化的贡献率分别为68.03%，15.77%和3.85%。沙层厚度对降雨不同时段15 min产流量和不同历时总产流量的贡献率分别在23.89%～52.22%和41.10%～48.94%之间，对相应产沙的贡献率分别在29.19%～62.01%和13.53%～30.31%之间。整体上沙层粒径组成变化对产流产沙量变化的贡献率小于沙层厚度，且无明显规律。沙层厚度和粒径组成交互作用对产流量和降雨中前期产沙量的影响显著（p&lt; 0.05），其对产流产沙变化的贡献率分别在13.12%～26.62%和3.22%～43.12%之间，不同降雨时段变化明显。研究结果说明，沙层厚度决定沙盖黄土坡面产流产沙过程，其和沙层粒径组成对产流产沙的影响和贡献随坡面沙层的侵蚀演化而动态变化，且二者的交互作用也不容忽视。</p

Preparation of Nanostructural MnO-porous Graphene Hybrid Material by Thermally-driven Etching of MnO for Lithium-Air Batteries

本文通过简单的电荷吸附制备了高分散的氧化石墨烯含锰化合物（Mn-GO），利用高温驱动下氧化锰的生长以及热运动同时实现了GO的还原、刻蚀和纳米氧化锰的负载，即成功构筑了纳米氧化锰-多孔石墨烯复合材料（MnO-PGNSs）. 对影响GO分散性的Mn2+的添加量、影响GO层数的分散液浓度以及影响MnO热运动的烧结条件进行了详细的考察. 研究发现，当Mn-GO同时满足优异的分散性、适合的片层厚度和烧结条件（＞800℃，&gt;2h），才能在GNSs表面刻蚀成孔制备得到MnO-PGNSs. 本文进一步将MnO-PGNSs作为锂空气电池正极材料，结果表明在50 mA&middot;g-1的电流密度下深度放电后容量达到5100 mAh&middot;g-1，相比于GNSs和PGNSs，MnO-PGNSs具有更高的比容量. 锂空气电池性能的提高得益于GNSs表面的多孔结构和MnO优异的催化活性.In this paper, improving the surface morphology of graphene(GNSs) as designed concept. we describe a MnO/porous-graphene(MnO-PGNSs) was synthesized by a simple site-localized Mn2+ on GO (Mn-GO) by charge adsorption and then driving by high-temperature calcination, growing MnO nanoparticles and etching GNSs achieved on step. And Then focus on the key factors of influenced the etch hole formation are analyzed, founded the dispersion of Mn-GO; layer number of GO and calcination temperature also affected the formation of holes. In addition, the MnO-PGNSs as lithium-air battery cathode exhibits high reversible capacity compared with GNSs and PGNs and it is able to deliver storage capacity as high as 5100 mAh&middot;g-1 at 50 mA&middot;g-1.甘肃省省青年科技基金（No. 1606RJYA258）资助作者联系地址：中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所，清洁能源化学与材料实验室，甘肃 兰州 730000Author's Address: Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

溶胶凝胶法由细菌纤维素制备CuCe_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_x复合氧化物及其低温催化降解甲苯性能

以绿色廉价的天然椰果细菌纤维素（BC)为造孔剂，采用溶胶凝胶法制备了CuCe0.75Zr0.25Ox复合氧化物催化剂，通过TG/DTG、N2低温物理吸脱附、XRD、H2-TPR、O2-TPD和Raman等手段对催化剂进行了表征，并对其在固定床上挥发性有机物(VOCs)降解的催化性能进行了研究。结果表明，利用BC精细的纤维网状结构和亲水性能与活性金属盐溶液形成凝胶，可有效制备介孔结构的复合氧化物催化剂。制备过程中，凝胶形式和成胶温度对催化剂降解甲苯的活性有较大影响;采用醇凝胶形式在70℃时制备的ACCZ-70催化剂完全降解甲苯的温度为205℃，明显低于已有文献报道的催化剂，这主要归因于该催化剂具有良好的低温还原性和高达0.81的氧空穴浓度。而采用水凝胶制备的催化剂降解甲苯时，在120-140℃存在吸附现象