Study on the breeding behavior from Oryza nivara, O.fficinalis, O. australiensis introgression lines

為擴大栽培稻遺傳變異，強化野生稻種原於育種上的利用價值，本試驗評估具有Oryza nivara (IRG. acc. 102165) 之褐飛蝨抗性的導入系統852T034再與台農71號雜交 (AA組合) 建立的199個F10的重組自交系 (recombinant inbred line, RIL)，探討RILs產量及各農藝性狀之表現，並以157個SSR分子標誌進行篩選及進行QTL分析；另外，針對134個台農67號(TNG67)/O. officinalis (IRG. acc. 100896) (AC組合)之BC2F19及106個TNG67/O. australiensis (IRG. acc. 100882) (AE組合) 之BC3F18的多次回交導入系統進行產量及相關性狀評估，也分別篩選133個及96個SSR，以探討野生稻基因導入情形，並試著找出O. officinalis及O. australiensis兩野生稻種對產量增進的連鎖標誌。 外表性狀評估的結果，各組合在產量相關性狀的表現，有多數系統超越對照品種 (TNG67) 10%以上，但也有稔實率低於50% 的半不稔系統。在每株穗數、每穗粒數、千粒重均有超親分離之表現，AC組合有穗較輕、穗數偏多的表現，AE組合則偏向穗數少、每穗粒數多的表現。在其他性狀上，AE組合有生育期晚、株高略高、葉片較為細長、葉綠素含量 (SPAD值) 較高及葉片老化較慢的表現。在病蟲害的表現上，AA、AC有較多的抗褐飛蝨系統，AC、AE則有較多的抗稻熱病系統。 分子標誌篩選之結果，AA、AC、AE達同質結合的系統數分別有56 (28%)、 106 (79%) 及104 (98%)。其中AC、AE系統中帶有O. offcinalis、O. australiensis基因型的比例平均分別為5.4%、 1%，但分別有13.1%、7.2%表現非親本型之異常基因型。AA組合的QTL分析結果，解釋率較高且與O. nivara有關的QTL有位於第1條染色體上的株高、穗長、每穗粒數、葉長、粒長及粒形，以及第4條染色體上的褐飛蝨抗性之QTLs。 探討三個組合中高產品系之產量與對照品種 (TNG67) 差異均不顯著。然而就各組合與對照品種TNG67比較的結果，在穗數、每穗粒數、稔實率及千粒重等產量相關性狀，其最高的增加幅度，AA組合分別為16%、47%、7%及36%；AC組合分別為25%、8%、25% 及13%；AE組合分別為13%、25%、27% 及19%，顯示各野生稻對各產量相關性狀具不同程度的增進效應，但各組合中並未發現單一系統中有2個以上的產量相關性狀同時超越對照品種。高產系統在分子層次的表現與低產者相比，在AC、AE組合有遺傳背景明顯偏向輪迴親本TNG67的表現，以混合分離篩選的結果AC、AE組合分別找到有5個與產量有關的分子標誌，而且屬於野生稻或異常基因型對各項產量相關性狀有不等程度的增進效應。 綜合本試驗之結果，確認O. nivara、O. officinalis以及O. australiensis等不同染色體組野生稻之基因已導入栽培稻中，除可繼續針對優良性狀進行基因定位外，也可做為分子標誌輔助選拔之材料，進而增進野生稻有利基因的利用效率。中文摘要………………………………………………………………… i 英文摘要……………………………………………………………… iii 圖表目錄…………………………………………………………………vi 第一章、緒言…………………………………………………………… 1 第二章、前人研究……………………………………………………… 3 第三章、栽培稻Oryza sativa 與野生稻O. nivara、O. officinalis、O. australiensis 種間雜交導入系統之評估………10 第四章、野生稻Oryza nivara、O. officinalis、O.australiensis 導入系統之遺傳分析..…………………………………………………42 第五章、野生稻Oryza nivara、O. officinalis、O.australiensis 導入系之選拔與評估………………………………………………… 89 第六章、綜合討論……………………………………………………115 參考書目………………………………………………………………12

Genetics and breeding behaviors of the progenies derived from crosses between Oryza sativa L. and O. nivara Sharma et Shastry

本研究以高雄141號（KH141）、臺梗1號（TK1）、台中65號（TC65）及台農67號 TN G67）等四種梗稻品種為輪迴親本與國際稻米研究所引進之野生稻O. nivara Acc. 104705）雜交及回交，所得各F1、F2、BC1F1、BC1F2、BC2F1、BC2F2、 BC3F1 、BC3F2族群： 四個 梗稻品種與O. nivara雜交，F1稔實率最低為30%（TC65 / O. nivara），最高 為64（KH1 41 / O. nivara）。顯示所使用四個梗稻與野生稻之雜交生殖障礙均不大， 但親和性的 高低因親本之不同而有所差異。 在四個F1雜交 組合中，各農藝及產量性狀的表現，除株高、穗長、粒種因栽培親本不 同表現較不ㄧ致 外，其餘均偏向野生稻親本，但是組合的不同略有差異。其中 TK1 / O. nivara 、KH141 / O. nivara兩組合在農各性狀的表現上有較相似的結果。 就各組合F2族群 農藝及產量性狀的頻度分佈而言，除株高於KH141 / O. nivara、 TK1 / O nivara及TN G67 / O. nivara；穗長於TK1 / O. nivara、TC65 / O. nivara 及TNG67 / O. nivara； 千粒重於KH141 / O. nivara、TNG67 / O. nivara外，其餘各 性狀均有多數個體偏向野 生稻親本之表現。而穗重及各產量性狀也出現有多數的個體 低於野生稻親本，且各組合 有雜種F2不稔及株高甚矮、穗數少、每穗粒數少的弱勢植 株產生。 就回交世代的表現，各性狀的 平均值均有隨回交世代增加而趨近輪迴親本的表現，由以抽穗期、株高、穗長、穗數、粒 重的變異縮小的速度較快，但分散度仍因組合及性 狀的不同有很大的差異

(60(4):263-278)Molecular Characterization of Introgression Lines from a Wild Rice, Oryza officinalis, with Resistance to Brown Planthopper

褐飛蝨為水稻的主要害蟲，除栽培稻外，野生稻為另一可提供培育抗褐飛蝨的重要基因庫。本試驗由栽培品種台農67號為輪迴親本，野生稻Oryza officinalis為貢獻親，所建立的134個導入系統 (BC2F19) 中獲得96個抗褐飛蝨系統。利用172對SSR分析134個導入系統結果顯示，抗蟲系統 (RS 5) 與感蟲系統 (RS > 5) 的O. officinalis或非親本基因型比例，平均分別為20.4%、13.0%。探討各分子標誌與褐飛蝨抗性之關聯性顯示，除第1對、第8對染色體外，其餘10對染色體上均發現與褐飛蝨抗性有關的標誌；單一系統最多具有9對染色體上含有與褐飛蝨抗性有關的標誌，但有25個抗性系統不帶有試驗中所獲得的任一個抗性連鎖標誌。另外，也發現O. officinalis及4個導入系統帶有與Bph2共連鎖KPM2的抗性標誌。所獲得的這些抗性系統及其遺傳背景資料，將有利於由O. officinalis而來的抗褐飛蝨特性在遺傳研究及育種上的利用。 Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the most destructive insect pests in rice. Species of wild rice are very important sources of germplasms for genetic improvement of cultivated rice for resistance to BPH. From the interspecific crossing of the cultivated rice variety Tainung 67 as the recurrent parent and the perennial wild rice Oryza officinalis (IRGC 100896) as the donor parent, 134 BC2F19 introgression lines (ILs) were obtained and 96 of these ILs were resistant to BPH. Results of screening of 134 ILs using 172 SSR primers showed that the average genetic ratios of resistant ILs (Resistance Score, RS 5) and susceptible ILs (RS > 5) were 20.4% and 13.0% for O. officinalis and non-parental genotypes, respectively. Markers linked to BPH resistance were detected on 10 out of the 12 rice chromosomes except for chromosomes 1 and chromosome 8 in which BPH resistant markers were absent. There was a single IL harboring BPH resistant markers on as high as 9 chromosomes, whereas 25 resistant ILs showed no markers linked to BPH resistance Furthermore, KPM2, a marker co-segregating with Bph2 gene, was also detected in the donor parent O. officinalis and 4 other ILs. The findings in this study suggest that all of the BPH resistant ILs and the information of their genetic background would be useful in further investigations of BPH resistant genes in the wild rice O. officinalis and in other rice breeding programs for improvement of resistance to BPH

(48(1):1-12)Studies on the Yield Components in the Progenies Derived from the Hybrid and Backcross between Oryza sativa L. and O. nivara Sharma et Shastry

本研究以臺梗1號 (TK1) 及臺農67號 (TNG67) 兩個稉稻品種為輪迴親本與由國際稻米研究所引進之野生稻種O. nivara (Acc. 104705) 雜交及回交，探討所得各F1、F2、BC1F1、BC1F2、BC2F1、BC2F2、BC3F1、BC3F2族群稔實率、穗數、每穗粒數及千粒重等性狀的變異，所得結果摘要如下：TNG67、TK1與O. nivara雜交F1各性狀之表現，在稔實率偏向野生稻親本分別為51、58 %，顯示此種間雜交之生殖障礙不大；在穗數及千粒重呈超越高親本，每穗粒數則偏向野生稻。兩組合F2族群的四個性狀變異性均相當高，且呈超親分離的現象，族群中大多數個體分佈偏向於野生稻親本或低於野生稻親本，不利於產量性狀之選拔。兩組合自BC1F1開始選拔株型接近栽培稻者進行回交，該單株並行宿根採收種子以繁殖F2族群。由各回交F1及F2的表現得知，優良之特性在各回交世代均能持續表現，甚至超越輪迴親本。例如TK1 × O. nivara組合的BC2F2及BC3F2族群的平均稔實率及千粒重已超越輪迴親本，族群也具有相當高的同質性，有利於優良性狀之固定。由此說明野生稻O. nivara對栽培種之稔實率、穗數、每穗粒數及千粒重等產量性狀的改進具有潛力。Two sinica varieties, Tainung 67(TNG 67) and Taiken l(TK1), and a wild rice, O. nivara (Ace. 104705) were used as the recurrent parents and non-recurrent parent, respectively, to investigate the genetics and breeding behaviors for the fertility, panicle number, grain number of per panicle and 1000-grain weight of the interspecific hybrid progenies of Oryza species. The F1, F2, BC1F1, BC1F2, BC2F1, BC2F2, BC3F1 and BC3F2 populations of two cross combinations were simultaneously planted at the experimental farm of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute in the first crop of 1996. The following results were obtained. The F1 cross compatibility of two crosses, TNG67 × O. nivara and TK1 × O. nivara, was 51% and 58% respectively. These results might suggest that no serious reproductive barrier between two scinca varieties and the wild rice. Heterosis was found in both number of panicle per plant and 1000-grain weight for the hybrids. The grain number per panicle was similar to the wild parent. From observing the distribution patterns of F2 population, it was found that there were many plants leaned toward the wild parent, the variation was height and showed transgressive segregation in all of these characters. The results put F2 populations at a disadvantage in selection. In the BC1F1 generation, backcrosses were carried out in both cross combinations based on plant type (similar to cultivated varieties). The selected hybrid plant was ratooned to obtain F2 seeds. The variation in yield components for various backcrosses were then observed. Results indicated that the plants with superior characters would be observed in duplication in various backcross populations. For example, the mean of fertility and 1000-grain weight of BC2F2 and BC3F2 in TK1 × O. nivara cross combination were better than the recurrent parent (TK1). Furthermore, as increasing in the number of backcross the variation in the characters became small. This indicated that plants with homogeneous genetic background could be obtained from the populations in a s hort time spectrum. According to the results found, that the wild rice O. nivara could be a germplasm potential for improving cultivated rice yield components, i.e., spikelet fertility, panicle number per plant, grain number of per panicle and 1000-grain weight, by recurrent backcross method should be hypothesized