甲状腺功能减退症及其替代治疗对血糖和血脂代谢的影响

目的探讨甲状腺功能减退症及其替代治疗对血糖和血脂代谢的影响。方法对22例甲状腺功能减退症患者(甲减组)及16例甲状腺功能正常者(正常组)分别在治疗前及治疗后6个月测定促甲状腺素(TSH)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)。胰岛素抵抗使用稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)进行评估。结果治疗前甲减组和正常组对比,FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC和TG比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经过左旋甲状腺素替代治疗后,甲状腺功能减退患者的甲状腺功能恢复正常;FBG、HOMA-IR均未发生明显改变(P>0.05),但是FINS是升高的(P=0.05);治疗前后TG比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而TC水平降低(P<0.05)。结论甲状腺功能减退对胰岛素的敏感性并无影响。甲状腺激素替代治疗并未改变胰岛素敏感性和TG水平,但是TC水平明显降低

Development and Experiment of End-effector for Kiwifruit Harvesting Robot

进行了棚架式栽培模式自然生长条件下簇生猕猴桃无损采摘机器人末端执行器的研究。基于果实与果柄的分离特性，提出面向机器人的果实采摘方法和简化几何模型，设计了果实与果柄的分离试验进行可行性验证；基于果实采摘方法设计了从底部接近、旋转包络分离毗邻果实并抓取、向上运动分离果实的末端执行器，并试制样机，进行了现场评价试验。结果表明，采摘模型能够实现果实与果柄的分离，末端执行器解决了毗邻果实分离问题，能够实现单个果实稳定抓取、无损采摘和采后抓持，成功率达到 96.0%，平均单果耗时 22s

榆林流动沙地飞机播种造林试验

本项研究，通过人工模拟及风洞试验，根据当地沙丘移动规律、气候特点、植物生物学特性、种子形态、种子位移和幼苗风蚀沙埋等因素，确定以踏郎、花棒、白沙蒿为主要飞播先锋植物，伴以短期内有经济效益的沙打旺、草木栖，在5月中下旬进行飞播，三年以后可使流动沙地变成半固定沙地。由于正确搭配植物种类，利用萌蘖繁殖特性和天然下种，使植被覆盖面不断扩大，逐步形成相对稳定的固定沙地。这一结果被红石峡人工植被和靖边县沙地踏郎天然植被所证实。其研究的深度和广度，在我国的飞播史上是少有的。4～8年后的保存率达24.2～54.4％，在国内尚无先例。这一研究成果对我国类似流动沙地类型进行飞机播种造林固沙，具有推广价值

榆林流动沙地飞机播种造林试验

本项研究，通过人工模拟及风洞试验，根据当地沙丘移动规律、气候特点、植物生物学特性、种子形态、种子位移和幼苗风蚀沙埋等因素，确定以踏郎、花棒、白沙蒿为主要飞播先锋植物，伴以短期内有经济效益的沙打旺、草木栖，在5月中下旬进行飞播，三年以后可使流动沙地变成半固定沙地。由于正确搭配植物种类，利用萌蘖繁殖特性和天然下种，使植被覆盖面不断扩大，逐步形成相对稳定的固定沙地。这一结果被红石峡人工植被和靖边县沙地踏郎天然植被所证实。其研究的深度和广度，在我国的飞播史上是少有的。4～8年后的保存率达24.2～54.4％，在国内尚无先例。这一研究成果对我国类似流动沙地类型进行飞机播种造林固沙，具有推广价值

艾滋病毒重组抗原及第三代艾滋病毒抗体EIA诊断试剂盒的研制

近年来中国的艾滋病毒(HIV)感染人数以每年30％的速度增长,HIV感染者总数已超过60万人,感染者已从吸毒人员、献血员等高危人群扩展到社会各个阶层,我国已处于艾滋病泛滥前的关键时期。HIV诊断试剂盒是HIV防制工作中最重要的技术工具。用于人群筛检的HIV诊断试剂盒已历经三代,第一代试剂盒主要使用来自细胞培养的HIV病毒的裂解产物作为抗原;第二代产品使用基因工程重组抗原和/或人工合成肽作为抗原,使包被抗原中免疫优势区的比例明显增强,从而提高了试剂的灵敏度,而且标准化生产的相对更纯的抗原的使用使试剂的特异性和重复性均大为提高。前两代试剂均采用间接法原理,即先以抗原包被聚丙乙烯板,再加入待检血清,最后加入酶标记的抗人Ig

CRU 数据集在黑龙江省 ET0计算中的应用/Application of CRU dataset to calculation of ET 0 of Heilongjiang Province[J]

针对我国参考作物蒸发蒸腾量(ET 0)计算中存在的气象数据不易获取、现有作物需水量数据空间分辨率较低等问题，以黑龙江省为例，基于10 min 分辨率的 CRU CL 2.0数据集，采用 FAO Penman-Monteith 公式建立了适于计算区域 ET0的栅格模型，并应用黑龙江省14个气象站的实测气象数据对该模型计算成果进行了验证。结果表明：采用 CRU CL 2.0数据计算区域 ET0是可行的，其计算结果与应用实测气象数据计算所得的 ET 0符合较好，不仅可以细化我国 ET0和作物需水量研究成果，也为气象资料缺乏情况下的 ET 0计算供了一种新的计算模式

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials