Studies on the Handling Technology of Tuberose Cut Flower Spike (Pollanthes tuberosa L.)

本試驗主要探討包裝方式對重瓣夜來香切花貯運壽命之影響，及預措處理方式對模擬海運和空運外銷之可行性。夜來香切花以EVA伸縮膜包裝，能極有效的減少切花之失水和維持鮮度，但是對維持瓶插壽命效果不大。切花於下午採收，經100ppm BA噴佈處理後，再以蔗糖溶液預措12小時之後，以EVA伸縮膜包裝，置於添加乙烯吸收劑之紙箱內，經模擬空運（25℃，2天）或海運（5℃，7天）後均能維持甚佳之品質和瓶插壽命。 Effects of wrapping method on the vase life of tuberose cut flower spikes and pulse treatment on the probability of simulated transport by ship or by air were studied. Tuberose cut flower spikes wrapped with EVA film significantly decreased water loss and preserved freshness. However it was not effective on prolonging the vase life. Tuberose cut flowers picked in the afternoon, sprayed with 100 ppm BA, then pulse treated with 2 % sucrose solution for 12 hrs. Thereafter they were wrapped with EVA film, and then packed in a carton box with ethylene absorbent . The flowers had good quality and long vase life after simulated transportation by air(25℃, 2 days) or by ship (5℃, 7days)

(51(2):111-124)Effect of Ethylene and Preservatives on the Vase Life of gerbera jamesonii Cut Flower

本試驗以商業栽培品種“Furore”和“Ornella”非洲菊切花為試驗材料，探討外加乙烯、乙烯抑制劑及保鮮液對切花瓶插壽命之影響。非洲菊切花以外加0.1～10 ppm 乙烯處理24小時雖會刺激呼吸率和乙烯釋放量之增加，但對瓶插壽命影響並不顯著。以乙烯抑制劑胺基三唑 (aminotriazole; ATA) (1.2mM)、1-甲基環丙烷 (1-methylcyclopropene; 1-MCP)(1800 ppb)、Retain (100 ppm) 和硫代硫酸銀 (silver thiosulfate; STS) 處理，亦無法延長其瓶插壽命，顯示非洲菊為對乙烯不敏感之切花，且乙烯並不是影響非洲菊切花老化之主要因素。以1,3-二氯- 5,5-二甲基乙內醯脲 (1,3-dichloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin; DDMH)、NiCl2配合蔗糖之保鮮液預措2小時，能有效的延長非洲菊切花瓶插壽命，其中“Furore”非洲菊以1.25 ppm DDMH + 250 ppm NiCl2 + 0.25% 蔗糖之效果最佳，“Ornella”非洲菊以25 ppm DDMH + 500 ppm NiCl2 + 0.5% 蔗糖最佳，皆可增加約4天之瓶插壽命。此外，亦探討保鮮液預措後對切花之吸水性、鮮重變化、呼吸率和乙烯釋放量之影響。The vase life of “Furore” and “Ornella” gerhera cut flowers treated with preservatives and exogenous ethylene at 0~10ppm concentrations were studied. Meanwhile, the water uptake, fresh weight change, respiration rate, and ethylene production of gerbera cut flower pulsed with preservative treatment were investigated. Ethylene all concentrations of tested increased the respiration rate and ethylene production of the treated flower, but not significantly affected their vase life. Pulse treatment with ethylene inhibitors, including aminotriazole (ATA) (1.2mM), 1 -methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (1800ppb), retain (100ppm) and silver thiosulfate (STS) (0.1~2.0 mM), had no effect on prolong of the vase life of gerhera cut flower. The results showed that the cut flowers of gerbera were not sensitive to ethylene, and their senescence was not caused injury by ethylene. The vase life of these two cultivars prolonged for 4 days after pulse treatment with 1,3-dichloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin (DDMH), NiCl2 and sucrose for 2 hours. The best effect was obtained with the treatment of combination of 1.25 ppm DDMH, 250 ppm NiCl2 and 0.25% sucrose for “Furore” and treatment of combination of 25 ppm DDMH, 500 ppm NiCl2 and 0.5% sucrose for “Ornella”

Effect of Bagging in the Field and Package after Harvest on the Quality of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

田間套袋對簡易PE塑膠布設施內棚架栽培所產苦瓜之好果率、畸形果率、蟲咬果率、果長、果徑、和果實比重等之影響不顯著；惟對果重、果肉重、果肉乾重率、特級品率、苦味值、色差儀a值、批售價格等則有顯著地影響。黑色PE塑膠袋內襯舒果網套掛瓜果，對其果長、果徑、果重、果實比重、果肉之厚與重、果肉與種子乾重率等，較之僅以黑PE塑膠袋掛套者，雖有一致性之些微促增趨勢，惟差異並不顯著。採收後苦瓜曾經舒果網套包裝，其批售價格較裸果以碎紙片充填襯墊者增加29％。舒果網套和泡綿墊襯包裝，可以有效減少因碰撞傷害所引起的失水和乙烯生成。 The effect of bagging on fruit quality such as fruit length, diameter, weight, specific gravity, and percentage of insect bite and abnormal fruit, and market salability was not significant. However, dry weight percentage of pericarp, percentage of fancy grade fruit, bitter value by panel test, and the value a of color meter were significantly affected. Comparing to the black PE bag only, the black PE bag with white foam cushioning net decreased percentage of abnormal fruit significantly. Moreover, fruit length, width, weight, specific gravity, thickness and weight of pericarp, dry weight percentage of pericarp and seed, of packaged fruit were unsignificantly increased. The packaging of harvested fruit with white foam cushioning net increased whole sale price about 29%, reduced the water loss and wound ethylene production

Postharvest Physiology and Handling Technology of Cut Eustoma Flowers

1. 洋桔梗切花呼吸行為類似更年型果實之花卉，於25℃下更年高峰時，花朵的呼吸率和乙 烯釋放量分別為350 uLCO2 g-1 h-1 和 34.6 nL C2H4 g-1 h-1。 2. 小花初開時，花瓣細胞內部已開始出現老化之症狀，盛開時，細胞內部已失去隔室作用， 而此時表皮細胞外觀卻呈現最膨脹飽滿的狀態，當花瓣出現萎凋時，則細胞內部已受到 嚴重之破壞。 3. 於萎凋期之韌皮部及形成層細胞嚴重皺縮，而木質部導管細胞則維持正常之形態。小花 花梗於瓶插期間能維持較低之滲透潛勢，可保持較高吸水能力，以獲得相對較多量的水分。 4. 採後離水0-12 小時對瓶插壽命和垂頸率影響不顯著，依據鮮重和貯運時間，11.4 mgH2O/gFw/h 吸水速率，可供為推算立式可回收容器適當裝水量。 5. 內銷切花宜於成熟度較高（5 朵小花開放）時採收，若需長期貯運則宜於蕾期採收並配 合保鮮液處理。 6. 以1,000 ppm AVG 預措1 小時、100 mM 硼酸預措0.5 小時；900 ppb 1-MCP 預措8 小 時或 200 ppm AIB 加15﹪蔗糖預措4 小時，均能有效延長切花壽命。 In order to understand the postharvest physiology and the suitable technique of storage for cut Eustoma flowers, a series of experiment were conducted. The results are summarized as follows： 1. The patterns of changes in respiration rate and ethylene production during vase were characteristic of like-climacteric pattern. The rate of respiration and ethylene production of flower at 25℃ were 350 uLCO2 g-1 h-1 and 34.6 nLC2H4 g-1 h-1 at climacteric peak, respectively. 2. Senescence symptom of flower appeared at the slightly open stage, at the full open stage, the turgid epidermal cells of petal showed the decomposition of vacuole membrane, finally proceeded to serious destruction at the initiation of petal wilt. 3. The cells of phloem and cambium tissue wilted seriously but vessel cells remained unchanged at the wilting stage. The lower osmotic potential would keep the water uptake ability higher and persist water holding of pedicel tissue during the vase days. 4. No significant difference on the vase life and bent neck ratio of flower was found from the treatment of 0-12 hours after harvesting time before soaking. When the fresh weight of cut flower and the duration of transportation were concerned, the 11.4mg H2O gFw-1h-1 of water uptake rate could be used as a reference to estimate the amount of water needed of procona packing system. 5. Cut flower harvesting at high maturity （5 florets opened）is preferred for domestic market, but harvesting at tight bud stage might desirable for export. 6. Pretreatment of cut flower with 1000 ppm AVG for 1 hour, 100 mM boric acid for 0.5 hour,900 ppb 1-MCP for 8h or 200 ppm AIB＋15﹪sucrose for 4 hour were effective in prolonging the vase life

Effects of Picking Maturity, Storage Temperature and Carbon Monoxide on the Storage Life of ‘TN 17’ Pineapple Fruits

本試驗主要探討採收成熟度、貯藏溫度和一氧化碳對 ‘台農17 號’ 鳳梨果實貯藏壽命 之影響。若為國內市場銷售，可在1/2 轉色成熟度時採收，並可於常溫下貯運；若為2 ~3 週 之貯運期，則成熟度應控制在1/3 轉色較佳，其貯運溫度以12.5 ± 2℃為宜。鳳梨果實以 3~7 %一氧化碳處理，可有效維持冠芽鮮度、果皮顏色，並可有效減少果肉劣變及延緩寒害症 狀之出現。 The effects of picking maturity, storage temperature and carbon monoxide treatment on the fruit handling technologies characteristic were investigated in ‘TN 17’ pineapple (Ananas comosu (L.) Merr.) harvested at Tai-Nan Guan-Miao County. The results indicated that the fruit picking maturity at 1/2 colour stage could transport to supply for Taiwan market at room temperature. Picking maturity at 1/3 colour stage storage at 12.5 ℃ was suitable for transporting period for 2~3 weeks. It is better for fruit treated with 3~7% carbon monoxide before storage and transit to maintain fresh crown, fruit color and to delay fruit physiological disorder and chilling injury

Postharvest physiology and quality changes of mei (prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc)

本研究目的在探討地方性果梅品種採收後生理與品質之變化，期能提升梅不同型態加工原料品質及產業利用。五個供試品種包括‘萬山’、‘山連’、‘房炳雄’、‘胭脂梅’及‘桃形梅’果實採收後可溶性固形物含量，在25℃下10 天內，隨著後熟作用第2-6 天內呈現增加趨勢，然後下降；可滴定酸隨著採後日數與後熟程度增加而急.降低；失重率則隨日數增加而增加。果皮色相角(hue angle, h°)與果實硬度隨著採後日數增加而逐漸降低；同時果皮黃化程度度與彩度(chroma, C)也逐漸增加。不同品種梅果實在25℃之呼吸高峰與乙烯釋放高峰在第4-8 天內同一天或前後差一天發生。由果實呼吸率與乙烯高峰的出現，顯示本地果梅屬於高呼吸率與高乙烯釋放量之更年型果實，貯藏壽命甚短。 The postharvest physiology and quality changes of five local mei varieties, named ‘Wan-shan’,‘Shan-lien’, ‘Fang-bing-syong’, ‘Yen-chih-mei’ and ‘Taur-hsing-mei’ were studied. During ten days of storage period at 25 , the total soluble solids of mei fruit incr ℃ eased within 2 to 6 days and then decreased.Titratable acidity decreased and weight loss increased during storage. The hue angle value of the peel and the fruit firmness gradually decreased. The yellow skin color intensified while the chroma value increased slowly.The respiration rate and ethyleneproduction rate reached the climacteric peak within 4 to 8 days instorage at 25℃. The respiration and ethylene climacteric peak appeared on the same day in 3 varieties, while the resperation peak came one day earlier in 2 varieties. The high respiration and ethylene production rate of postharvest mei may be related to a short shelf-life of the fruit

Studies on the Relationship between, Fruit Size and Storage Ability of ‘Ponkan’ (Citrus poonensis) and ‘Liu-cheng’ (Citrus sinensis) Oranges.

椪柑果實用滾筒式分級機分大小後再貯藏顯著增加腐爛率。採收時大型果（周徑27公分）和超大型果（周徑30公分以上）之可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量較低，糖酸比較高，果皮較厚，果汁率低和比重輕，經貯藏後腐爛率高，可溶性固形物含量和果汁率低下，風味不佳，顯示大型果和超大型果採收後以立即鮮食為宜。中型果（周徑25公分）和小型果（周徑23公分以下）可溶性固形物和可滴定酸度含量較高，腐爛率較低，短期貯藏後風味佳，較適合貯藏。 柳橙之可溶性固形物含量和果汁率隨果實大小遞增而遞減。果實較小，果皮較薄，糖酸比較高，貯藏後腐爛率較高，綠蒂率較低，顯示較宜鮮食。而大犁果（周徑23公分）之腐斕率低，且綠蒂率高，貯藏二個月後，風味仍佳，顯示大果宜貯藏。添加2,4 -D和TBZ能有效的增加綠蒂率和減少果實腐損。 各農戶所栽培之椪柑和柳橙品質和貯藏成果之差異極大，顯示栽培管理和採收作業亦為影響柑橘貯藏的重要因子。 The rot rate of ‘Ponkan’ mandarin, which were sized by rolling sizer and stored at the conventional starage room, increased significantly. Large fruit (fruit size, 27cm and 30cm) showed lower TSS and acidity, higher TSS/acidity, thicker peel, lower juice percentage and lighter fruit gravity. Therefore, large ‘Ponkan’ fruits were not suitable for storage, but suitable for fresh market after harvest. The medium fruit (sized 25cm) and small fruit (sized 23cm) had higher TSS and acidity. They showed good flavor and lower rot rate after storage. The smaller Leu-cheng oranges showed higher TSS and more fruit juice. small fruit had thinner peel, better flavor, and lower rate of green stem bottom. They also had more rot rate after storage. Therefore, smaller ‘Leu-cheng’ oranges were suitable for comsuption immediately after harvest, the large ‘Lue-cheng’ oranges had good flavor, lower rot rate and higher green stem bottom after two months of storage. The fruit quality and storage ability of ‘Ponkan’ mandarine and ‘Lue-cheng’ orange cultivated by farmers were quite different. It showed that cultural methods and harvesting affected fruits storage