国有资产监管与财政改革

由厦门大学财政系提供的2003年国有资产监管体制与公共财政制度改革国际会议论文集0

HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATION IN AN EVERGREEN BROAD LEAVED FOREST IN THE WUYI MOUNTAINS

[中文文摘]对武夷山甜槠林成熟林水文学效应的研究结果表明：观测期间，年大气降水量2678.78ｍｍ，林内雨量2182.04ｍｍ，林冠截留量为496.74ｍｍ；林内雨中，穿透雨量2082.08ｍｍ，树干茎流99.96ｍｍ；到达甜槠林地作用面的林内雨量中，被地表枯枝落叶层截留的雨量为159.84ｍｍ，地表径流量11.6ｍｍ，地下渗流量109.32ｍｍ，其余林内雨量形成土壤含水量增量并由地表物理蒸发、根系吸收以及植物蒸腾所消耗；甜槠林地o~20０ｃｍ土层水分初渗率78.6ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ－１，稳渗率１５．５ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ－１，达到稳渗历时４５ｍｉｎ，地表枯枝落叶最大持水量5.2ｍｍ，土壤蓄水量154.0ｍｍ。与国内其它地区不同类型的森林相比较，武夷山甜槠林具有较强的水文学效能。[英文文摘]Hydrological observations were made in a 76 year old Castanopsis eyrei forest of the Wuyi Mountains.The results are as follows:(1)In the study period during 1993～1994,annual gross precipitation,net precipitation (throughfall was 208204mm and stemflow was 9996mm)and interception loss were 267878mm,218204mm and 49674mm respectively.Interception rate was 1845%.(2)Net precipitation,the part of gross precipitation appearing on the forest floor,was redistributed through different routes.The part absorbed by litter layer was an annual amount of 15984mm,and accounting for 733%.The parts as surface runoff and below ground drainage were annual amounts of 116mm and 10932mm respectively,and accounting for0.53% and 5.01%,respectively.The rest was kept in soil and then lost to the atmosphere by means of ground physical evaporation or plant transpiration as absorbed by the roots.Its amount was 190128mm,and accounting for 87.13%.(3) The initial infiltration rate and stable infiltration rate for the soil layer of 0～20cm were 786mm·min-1 and 155mm·min-1 respectively.The time needed to arrive at the stable state was 45min.Water storage capacity of soil was 15041t·hm-2.The maximum water holding capacity of litter layer was 52mm.福建省自然科学基金,武夷山自然保护区管理局资

生物银行支撑全球生物多样性研究与保护的实践与探索

要更好地保护全球生物多样性,人类不仅需要正确认知生物多样性的本质与规律,还需要审时度势地发展生物多样性保护的载体,以此提升生物多样性保护的社会价值和经济效益。本文旨在探讨生物银行对生物多样性研究与保护工作的促进作用,解决生物银行资源库功能同质化严重、维护困难与急需向更高层次演化等三个主要问题。本文系统回顾了国内外生物银行的缘起与现状,通过归纳与演绎的方法介绍了国内外人类基因组银行、动植物种质银行、生态银行与生物多样性银行的基本特征、运营模式与实践经验。本文的主要观点有:(1)不受时空限制的外向型数据驱动模式是人类基因组银行的主要特征,本质是技术外包式的共性技术平台,它的最主要的盈利方式是通过收集、存储人体生物样本,并将其整理成为医学研究机构、制药企业、政府医疗部门需要的医学数据;(2)受特定时空限制的内向型需求驱动模式是动植物种质银行的主要特征,它更聚焦代表性动植物及微生物的信息样本普查与测序,并提倡在中试平台上进行早期小规模的实践活动;(3)自然资本与金融资本结合的发展模式是生态银行的最大特色,它作为分散零碎的生态资源和产业投资商与运营商之间的中介平台,把环境资源未破坏但缺乏驱动机制的区域进行人才、技术与资本的快速重组;(4)绑定实体金融机构与科研院所是生物多样性银行的最大特征,它以第三方专业的授信与评级机构的形象出现,其本质是通过环境破坏与环境治理、投入成本与产出收益两个维度的博弈获得两个高附加值的固定收益及增值收益。文章还提出了生物银行成为全球生物多样性研究与保护的重要载体的建议:(1)在建设层面要加强顶层设计,(2)在研究层面要理清知识产权权属,(3)在应用层面防止科技伦理的沦丧,(4)在管理层面要建立通用标准,(5)在产业层面要综合衍生品的设计

新型WDMA-EPON系统OLT端光接收机的研究

文章介绍了一种新型粗波分复用（CWDM）阵列式光接收模块,用于波分多址（WDMA）基于以太网的无源光网络（EPON）的光线路终端（OLT）侧。该接收模块采用新颖有源、无源混合集成的光电子器件,最终实现了多个波长通道的接收单元电路一体化,因而具有高可靠性、低成本和体积小的特点。在155 Mb it/s速率时该接收机的接收灵敏度优于-34.0 dBm

Research progress and prospects of Cambrian medusae from South China

简述了水母的早期化石记录，并根据华南寒武系发现的立方水母干群化石，讨论了祖先型水母的辐射对称、躯体构型、生活史、生活习性，以及外骨骼的形成特征，推测水母类在寒武纪大爆发初期先于两侧对称动物基本完成其高级分类单元的宏演化。寒武纪的水母在生活习性上可以分为底栖固着型和游泳型两种。We introduced the fossil records of medusa in brief and discussed the radial symmetry, body plan, life history, and exoskeleton of ancestral medusae. It is hypothesized that major clades of superclass medusa should have derived prior to that of ballerinas at the dawn of Cambrian explosion. The Cambrian medusae should be classified as sessile benthic and pelagic forms

辐射伏特效应用于核衰变能发电的初步研究

提出了利用半导体探测器的ＰＮ结内建电场收集辐射诱发电离空穴对，进而实现从核衰变能的电能转换的全新技术路线．成功地模拟了这一转换过程。在不加任何外场情况下，实现了对２３９Ｐｕ发射α粒子产生的电离电子空穴对高达９４％的收集率和对９０Ｓｒ－９０Ｙ发射β粒子产生的电离电子空穴对的７２％收集率。实验能量转换率达１２．２％（对β粒子）和１６％（对α粒子）。The ladio-voltaic effect occuring in semiconductor elements was investigated for the tyansfer of radioisotopic decgy energy to electric power.The energy conversion processes were displayed in our experiments. It was shown that the collection ratio is 94% and 72% for the electron-hole pairs ionized by a particles from a 238pu source and by βparticles from a 90Sr source respectively. The energy conversion efficiency was about 16% for a particles and 12.2% for 0 particles.中国科学院青年基金,中国科学院兰州分院择优基金,中国科学院近代物理研究所所长基