THE NUTRIENT BALANCE of THE CASTANOPSIS EYREI FOREST ECOSYSTEM IN THE WUYI MOUNTAINS

本文通过比较大气降水的养分输入与由地表径流和地下渗流的养分输出，对武夷山甜槠林生态系统的养分平衡进行了研究。结果表明：在1993年4月至1994年4月期间，通过大气降水进入甜槠林的养分元素以n最高，为34.207kg·HM-2，其余依次为CA（22.99kg·HM-2）、S（12.722kg·HM-2）、nA（6.679kg·HM-2）、k（3.558kg·HM-2）和Mg（2.057kg·HM-2），以P的输入最低，仅1.779kg·HM-2；由地表径流和地下渗流的养分输出总量n、P、k、CA、Mg、S、nA分别为5.68、1.016、7.345、3.430、0.620、0.534、0.576kg·HM-2，以k的输出量最高，S的输出最少。其中，通过地下渗流的养分损失占输出总量的85.97%~96.38%，而地表径流的养分输出仅占总输出的3.62%~14.03%；在该系统中，n、CA和S有大量的积累（分别为28.527、19.560和12.188kg·HM-2），Mg和nA有少量积累（分别为1.437和6.103kg·HM-2），P基本上处于平衡状态（0.763kg·HM-2），而k则为净的输出损失（-3？The nutrient balance was determined in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest ecosystem in the Wuyi Mountains from the difference between the precipitation input of nutrients per hectare and the nutrient output via runoff and drainage per hectare.The results showed that there were large apparent accumulations of nitrogen,calcium,and sulphur,and inputs of magnesium and sodium from the atmospheric precipitation were slightly higher than losses through leaching.Phosphorus appeared to be in close balance in the forest,but there was a net loss of potassium during the period of the study.The weathering of parent material may have played an important role in the potassium economy of the forest.For other nutrients,the forest could maintain itself on nutrient input from the atmosphere

Fine root biomass and production of Castanopsis eyrei forests in Wuyi Mountains.

对武夷山甜槠林细根生物量和生长量的季节动态及其在不同群落发育阶段下的变化进行了初步研究，并对细根在养分归还中的作用进行了分析.结果表明，甜槠成熟林细根生物量为10.645T·HM-2，生长量为7.3715T·HM-2·A-1，分解量为4.6775T·HM-2·A-1，年周转率0.69次；细根生物量和生长量随林龄增长的变化模式为单峰型曲线，生物量至34龄时达到最大值，生长量至群落郁闭阶段（58龄）达到最大值；甜槠成熟林中，通过细根死亡的n素归还量占群落年归还总量的49.5%，多于凋落物途径，P、Mg归还量所占比例为42.3%和28.9%，略低于凋落物途径；k、CA归还以降水淋溶为主，其次是凋落物途径，而细根途径仅占总归还量的19.3%和9.2%.Measurements for C.eyrei forests with different stand ages in Wuyi Mountains show that in mature stand forest, the biomass, production and decomposition of fine roots were 10.645t·hm -2 ,7.3715t·hm -2 ·yr. -1 and 4.6775t·hm -2 ·yr. -1 respectively, with a yearly turnover rate of 0.69 time.The biomass and production of fine roots varied with stand age, reaching their peaks at 34 and 58 years respectively.In the mature stand forest, the N return by fine root decomposition contributed 49.5% of the yearly total N return, more than that by litterfall; P and Mg returns derived from dead fine root were 42.3% and 28.9% respectively, less than those from litterfall; and K and Ca returns were mainly came from canopy, secondly from litterfall, and only 19.3% and 9.2%, respectively from fine roots.福建武夷山国家级自然保护区管理局资

Clinical analysis of perimenopausal women presenting initially with dry eye symptom

目的探讨围绝经期妇女的干眼症状与干眼病诊断的相关性。方法分析56例具有干眼症状的围绝经期妇女眼部检查的临床资料,观察主诉为干眼症状患者的干眼病确诊率及其关系。结果56例以干眼症状为主要表现的围绝经期妇女,确诊水液缺乏型干眼17例(30.4%),蒸发过强型干眼12例(21.4%),混合型干眼8例(14.3%);不能诊断干眼病的19例(33.9%),最终诊断为围绝经期综合征。结论围绝经期妇女干眼病确诊率较高(66.1%),但部分干眼症状可以只是围绝经期综合征的精神神经症状的一种表现,临床诊断干眼应慎重。 【英文摘要】 Objective Diagnosis and treatment of dry eye are important for improving living quality.Present paper was to investigate the correlation between dry eye manifestations and diagnosis of dry eye disease in perimenopausal women.MethodsThe clinical data of 56 perimenopausal women presenting initially with dry eye symptoms including ocular symptoms,slit-lamp examination,tear film break-up time,basal and reflex Schirmer test,vital staining(fluorescence and rose bangle),and meibomian gland dysfunction examination ..

HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATION IN AN EVERGREEN BROAD LEAVED FOREST IN THE WUYI MOUNTAINS

[中文文摘]对武夷山甜槠林成熟林水文学效应的研究结果表明：观测期间，年大气降水量2678.78ｍｍ，林内雨量2182.04ｍｍ，林冠截留量为496.74ｍｍ；林内雨中，穿透雨量2082.08ｍｍ，树干茎流99.96ｍｍ；到达甜槠林地作用面的林内雨量中，被地表枯枝落叶层截留的雨量为159.84ｍｍ，地表径流量11.6ｍｍ，地下渗流量109.32ｍｍ，其余林内雨量形成土壤含水量增量并由地表物理蒸发、根系吸收以及植物蒸腾所消耗；甜槠林地o~20０ｃｍ土层水分初渗率78.6ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ－１，稳渗率１５．５ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ－１，达到稳渗历时４５ｍｉｎ，地表枯枝落叶最大持水量5.2ｍｍ，土壤蓄水量154.0ｍｍ。与国内其它地区不同类型的森林相比较，武夷山甜槠林具有较强的水文学效能。[英文文摘]Hydrological observations were made in a 76 year old Castanopsis eyrei forest of the Wuyi Mountains.The results are as follows:(1)In the study period during 1993～1994,annual gross precipitation,net precipitation (throughfall was 208204mm and stemflow was 9996mm)and interception loss were 267878mm,218204mm and 49674mm respectively.Interception rate was 1845%.(2)Net precipitation,the part of gross precipitation appearing on the forest floor,was redistributed through different routes.The part absorbed by litter layer was an annual amount of 15984mm,and accounting for 733%.The parts as surface runoff and below ground drainage were annual amounts of 116mm and 10932mm respectively,and accounting for0.53% and 5.01%,respectively.The rest was kept in soil and then lost to the atmosphere by means of ground physical evaporation or plant transpiration as absorbed by the roots.Its amount was 190128mm,and accounting for 87.13%.(3) The initial infiltration rate and stable infiltration rate for the soil layer of 0～20cm were 786mm·min-1 and 155mm·min-1 respectively.The time needed to arrive at the stable state was 45min.Water storage capacity of soil was 15041t·hm-2.The maximum water holding capacity of litter layer was 52mm.福建省自然科学基金,武夷山自然保护区管理局资

A study of certain ecological characteristics and effects of castanopsis eyrei tutch.forest in WuYi Mountains

本文对中国中亚热带常绿阔叶林——甜槠（CastanopsiseyreiTutch） 林76龄成熟林的生境特点、调落物、粗死木质残体、根系生产力、水文学效 应和森林降水化学规律等进行了研究，并对不同林龄甜槠群落的上述特点进 行了对比分折，结果表明： 1试验区年平均气温12.8℃，大气相对湿度86％，降水量2678．78mm，蒸 发量642.9mm；日照时数1434.3b，平均风速引.91m·S-1。地面年平均温度10.8 ℃，地下5、10、15、20cm处年均温度分另为14．8℃、14.5℃、14．8℃、14．5 ℃；全年最高气温37，0℃，最低气湿-8．5℃，地面最高温度51.6...In this experiment, a study of habitat characteristics, hydrological effects, precipitation chemistry, litter fall, coarse woody tebris and root procuctivity of a 76-year-old C. eyrei forest was carried out, and a compartive analysis of an age sequence of C.eyrei stands was undertaken. The results showed as follows: 1 The annual average of air temperature at the experimentaI site in l993 -19...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_植物学学号：B1991210

The Global Carbon Cycle in Grassland Ecosystems and Its Responses to Global Change, With Leymus Chinense Steppe in the Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia as a Case Study

本研究从三个方面研究了草地生态系统的碳循环及其对全球变化的响应： 1)系统整理了世界范围内各种类型草原群落碳循环主要过程和影响因素的有关资料，在此基础上，对草地生态系统巾的碳素贮量和主要流量进行了全球估计；在CENTURY模型碳循环业模型的基础上，对草地生态系统碳循环的分室模型进行了说明；阐述了土壤呼吸作用在草地碳循环中的作用，综述了草地土壤呼吸的测定方法、影响草地呼吸的主要环境因素，对世界范围内草地土壤呼吸量和土壤中的有机碳周转速度进行了初步估计；讨论了全球气候变化、 C02浓度增加和土地利用变化对草地生态系统的可能影响。 2)对内蒙古锡林河流域一个固定样地内的羊草草原群落的碳循环特点进行了初步研究；采用实测数据和CENTURY模型模拟相结合，对该群落中碳素的输入与输出量，碳素贮量和土壤中有机碳的周转口寸间进行了首次估计，得出了“未利用状态下羊草草原群落基本处于碳素平衡状态”的结论。 3)对世界范围内草地利用现状的资料分析表明，全世界70%的草地出现了不同程度的退化， 过度放牧是导致草地退化的主要原因，在退化草地总面积中，约有35%是由于过度放牧造成的。过度放牧是锡林河流域羊草草原退化的主要入为因素，40年来，过度放牧共导致了羊草草地O - 20cm土层中23%的土壤有机碳损失。结合CENTURY模型的预测结果，土地利用变化对羊草草原土壤有机碳贮量的影响将比气候变化和C02浓度增加的影响更加重大

氮磷添加对菊叶委陵菜生殖特征的影响

氮和磷是植物生长所必须的营养元素之一,影响到植物的生长、发育和繁殖等过程。本研究通过野外实验和室内试验,分析氮磷添加对菊叶委陵菜生殖特征的影响。其结果显示:氮磷添加显著影响菊叶委陵菜的生殖生物量、种子产量、千粒重和发芽率。种子千粒重与种子发芽率呈现正相关关系。氮和磷添加通过改变生殖构件生物量来影响其种子特征的。在草原生态系统中,氮磷是影响菊叶委陵菜繁殖的限制性因子之一

A STUDY ON THE SPATIAL PATTERN of DONMINANT SPECIES IN A STIPA BUNGEARA STEPPE COMMUNITY Ⅲ.PATTERN INTENSITY,SCALE AND ECOLOGICAL CAUSES

应用统计学拟合法，grEIg-SMITH格局分析法，dAVIdAndMOOrE的丛生指标IC，负二项分布参数k等，对长芒草草原群落（STIPAbungEAnASTEPPE）优势种群空间格局的类型，规模，强度及其生态成因进行了分析。结果表明，长芒草群落中的大部分种群为聚集分布，其最小面积为0.04M￣2，最大聚块面积为5M￣2。格局的强度可被划分为三个等级，以k参数作为格局强度的测度单位是适宜的。中，小规模格局是种子扩散和营养繁殖的结果，而大规模格局是由于环境因子影响的结果，其中地形条件可能是主要的生态成因。The sptial pattern types, intensity, scale and their Formation of dominant species in Stipabungeara community were studied with methods of statistical good-of-Fit,Greig-smith' vari-ance analysis,David and mcore's Index,the K index of negative binomial.The results show thatmost of species in Stipa bungeara community are aggregatedly distributed in the habitat,its small-est scale is 0.04 m￣2 ,and the biggest scale is 5m￣2.Three classes of Intensity could be divided inthese species according to K value.The small and middle scale patterns are caused by seed disper-sion and vegetative reproduction,the large scale pattern is determinded mainly by environmentalFactors,among which soil topography may be the most important

A STUDY ON THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF DONMINANT SPECIES IN A STIPA BUNGEARA STEPPE COMMUNITY Ⅲ.PATTERN INTENSITY,SCALE AND ECOLOGICAL CAUSES

应用统计学拟合法，Ｇｒｅｉｇ－ｓｍｉｔｈ格局分析法，ＤａｖｉｄａｎｄＭｏｏｒｅ的丛生指标ＩＣ，负二项分布参数Ｋ等，对长芒草草原群落（ＳｔｉｐａｂｕｎｇｅａｎａＳｔｅｐｐｅ）优势种群空间格局的类型，规模，强度及其生态成因进行了分析。结果表明，长芒草群落中的大部分种群为聚集分布，其最小面积为０．０４ｍ￣２，最大聚块面积为５ｍ￣２。格局的强度可被划分为三个等级，以Ｋ参数作为格局强度的测度单位是适宜的。中，小规模格局是种子扩散和营养繁殖的结果，而大规模格局是由于环境因子影响的结果，其中地形条件可能是主要的生态成因