Synthesis and Reactivity of Boratabenzene Ruthenium and Osmium Complexes and Rh-Catalyzed C-H、C-C and C-N Bond Activation

硼杂苯（Bb,boratabenzene）是含6个电子的芳香性杂环，可作为环戊二烯基（Cp）的等电子配体，配位化学性质和Cp相似。同时，硼杂苯配体又表现出和Cp配体电子性质上的差异，Boratabenzene要比Cp配体缺电子，从而会使Bb配合物的金属中心更具亲电性，因此，这些配体与金属络合后的配合物又可表现出和相应的Cp配合物不尽相同的反应性质，在催化反应中可得到不同的催化产物。此外，还可以通过改变硼上的取代基方便地调节配体的电子性质和空间位阻，从而调控相应络合物的反应性质。 半夹心型环戊二烯基钌的配合物（如(5-C5R5)RuXL2）具有丰富的金属有机化学...Boron-containing analogs of cyclopentadienyl ligand such as boratabenzene are six-π electron aromatic borataheterocycles that is isoelectronic and isostructural with the ubiquitous Cp ligand. Their electronic characters are different from that of Cp to some extent with the boratabenzene ligand less electron-donating. Thus, the borataheterocycle, upon complexation to transition metals, can furnish ...学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院_物理化学学号：2052009015335

探討不同科學認識觀的八年級學生在社會性科學議題上論證能力的表現

[[abstract]]This study aimed to explore the development of eighth graders’ argumentation skills and scientific epistemological views through socioscientific issues-based instruction, and the relationship between their argumentation skills and scientific epistemological views. After selecting 42 participators from a remote middle school using convenience sampling, we used the one-group and pre-posttest experimental design to examine the effect of socioscientific issues-based instruction. The results showed that students’ generating arguments, counterarguments, backings, evidences, and qualifiers were not improved significantly after the instruction. Moreover, their scientific epistemological views in the theory-laden exploration of science had changed significantly and were closer to the view of logical positivism. Furthermore, we found that there was a significant difference in argumentation skills between students with different scientific epistemological views, especially in generating backings. Students whose scientific epistemological views tended to constructivism epistemological views would have better argumentation skills after the socioscientific issues-based instruction.

Synthesis and Organometallic Properties of Several Osmium Alkenylcarbyne Complexes

OSH2Cl2(PCy3)2(1)与炔丙醇HC≡CC(OH)PH2在室温及加热条件下反应可分别生成原子氢配位的γ-羟基卡拜配合物OSHCl2[≡CCH2C(OH)PH2](PCy3)2(2)和原子氢配位的烯基卡拜OSHCl2(≡CCH=CPH2)(PCy3)2(3).2和3在氯化氢乙醚溶液作用下可转化为三氯配位的烯基卡拜OSCl3(≡CCH=CPH2)(PCy3)2(4).也可通过OSH2Cl2(PCy3)2与HC≡CC(OH)PH2在氯化氢乙醚溶液存在下反应,由一锅法直接合成烯基卡拜配合物4.化合物4还可通过OSCl3(≡CCH=CPH2)(PPH3)2(5)与PCy3的配体取代反应来制备,在反应过程中可分离到单个PPH3配体被PCy3取代的产物OSCl3(≡CCH=CPH2)(PCy3)(PPH3)(6).化合物4可与水及吡啶发生配体取代反应,分别生成水或吡啶配位的单膦卡拜配合物OSCl3(≡CCH=CPH2)(PCy3)(S)(S=H2O,7;S=Py,8).此外,4与nAOET在室温下反应可得到锇烯基卡宾配合物OSCl2(=CHCH=CPH2)(PCy3)2(9),而与ETOH需在加热条件下才可反应,生成的是原子氢卡拜3.化合物9在溶液中不稳定,可完全转化为热力学稳定的原子氢配位的卡拜3.Reactions of the dihydride complex OsH2Cl2(PCy3)2(1) with HC≡CC(OH)Ph2at room temperature or under heating condition produce the hydride hydroxycarbyne complex OsHCl2[≡CCH2C(OH)Ph2](PCy3)2(2) and the hydride alkenylcarbyne complex OsHCl2(≡CCH=CPh2)(PCy3)2(3), respectively.Treatment of 2 or 3 with HCl Et2O affords the trichlorocarbyne complex OsCl3(≡CCH=CPh2)(PCy3)2(4), which can be conveniently synthesized by the one pot reaction of 1with HC≡CC(OH)Ph2in the presence of HCl Et2O.Complex 4 can be alternatively prepared from the phosphine ligand substitution of the trichlorocarbyne complex OsCl3(≡CCH=CPh2)(PPh3)2(5) with PCy3, from which the mono-substituted intermediate OsCl3(≡CCH=CPh2)(PCy3)(PPh3)(6) can be isolated.Complex 4 undergoes ligand substitution reactions with water and pyridine leading to the formation of the aqua and pyridine-coordinate mono phosphine carbyne complexes OsCl3(≡CCH=CPh2)(PCy3)(S)(S=H2O, 7; S=Py, 8).In addition, complex 4 reacts with NaOEt at room temperature to produce the alkenylcarbene complex OsCl2(=CHCH=CPh2)(PCy3)2(9), which is unstable in solution and evolves into the thermally more stable hydride carbyne complex 3.In contrast, the reaction of 4 with EtOH can only take place at elevated temperature to give the hydride carbyne 3.国家自然科学基金(No.21072161); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划;No.2012CB821600); 长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助项目~

洋脊裂谷与上涌流动

洋脊中轴裂谷是板块的创生边界,多年来一直吸引着地球科学家的注意。但是,对于中轴裂谷的成因,至今没有得到圓满的解释。本文利用我们在文献[1]中所提出的上涌流动模式,算出了裂谷的深度和宽度、裂谷内底宽度等。这些结果均与观测数据符合,从而给出了洋脊中轴裂谷地形的动力学解释

Nursing information: users' experiences of a system in Taiwan one year after its implementation

[[abstract]]Aim and objective.  The purpose of this study was to explore nurses’ experiences during the first year of the installation of a nursing information system (NIS). The objective was to identify the major issues that emerged regarding the users’ concerns of this technology in their daily practice. Background.  The success of the implementation of an information system depends mostly on the users’ acceptance of this technology; however, nurses’ experience of a system installation for a particular length of time, as in this study, has seldom been explored. This is a report on a qualitative study that explored nurses’ experiences of a NIS use during the first year of its installation. Design.  Descriptive qualitative interviews with nurse participants were used to collect data at a medical centre in Taiwan. Method.  Four focus groups were conducted with the 23 nurse participants in November 2005. The interview guide included questions about the impact of computer use on the nurses’ workflow and the electronic documentation process. Results.  Six major themes emerged regarding the nurses’ NIS use, including their dissatisfaction with insufficient personal computers and printers, the slow system response time, workflow change, poor content design, decreased charting quality and the impact on their interpersonal relationships. Conclusions.  Organizations may need to redesign the computer interface, to provide better hardware and to maintain a more reliable network function to meet the nurses’ needs during the adoption process, as well as to modify or devise appropriate documentation regulations. Relevance to clinical practice.  As they continue to use electronic documentation, nurses may become accustomed to the technology and use it more easily as it becomes the required documentation method. However, understanding the barriers and difficulties they encountered could maximize their technology use and improve both the nursing efficiency and the documentation quality

Adopting a personal digital assistant: Application of Lewis change theory

[[abstract]]Aim.  This paper reports a study exploring nurses’ perceptions of adopting an information system using handheld computers (personal digital assistants) in their daily practice. Background.  Handheld computers have recently been used in nursing information systems for patient care, but few studies have explored their impact on users. By understanding clinicians’ experiences of using this technology, strategies can be implemented to smooth the change process in adopting their use, thus achieving optimal patient outcomes. Method.  A descriptive, exploratory approach was used to study nurses’ perceptions of using personal digital assistants as part of a hospital information system. A purposive sample of 15 nurses participated in one-to-one, in-depth interviews from February to March 2004. Nurses’ perceptions of the adoption process were analysed using Lewin's force field theory of change as a framework. Findings.  Nurses initially resisted using the personal digital assistant system (unfreezing stage), then came around to using it (moving stage), and finally adopted the system in their daily practice (re-freezing stage). However, an anticipatory stage also occurred and this could serve as a feedback mechanism to improve the system for current and future use. Conclusion.  Educational programmes should be provided and strategic planning should be done in the early stage of implementing a policy to adopt new technology. In addition, the adoption process and learning period could be shortened by improving the system's content design. During this transition stage, dual charting should be used as a backup only for a limited time to avoid adding extra work to nurses’ already heavy workload. Finally, the concept of confidentiality should be reinforced and stressed early in the educational programme to protect patient data, which can easily be accessed in computerized systems

Nurses’ experiences using a nursing information syste: Early stage of technology implementation

[[abstract]]Adoption of information technology in nursing practice has become a trend in healthcare. The impact of this technology on users has been widely studied, but little attention has been given to its influence at the beginning stage of implementation. Knowing the barriers to adopting technology could shorten this transition stage and minimize its negative influences. The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' experiences in the early stage of implementing a nursing information system. Focus groups were used to collect data at a medical center in Taiwan. The results showed that nurses had problems with the system's content design, had insufficient training, were concerned about data security, were stressed by added work, and experienced poor interdisciplinary cooperation. To smooth this beginning stage, the author recommends involving nurses early in the system design, providing sufficient training in keyboard entry skills, redesigning workflow, and improving interdisciplinary communication

Nurses’ perceptions of their documentation experiences in a computerized nursing care planning system

[[abstract]]Aim.  To explore how the content design of a computerized nursing care plan affects nurses’ perceptions of their documentation experience, specifically in making care plans. Background.  Nurses’ attitudes towards and experiences of computer use in daily practice have been studied. However, no studies have examined how using a computerized nursing care planning system affects nurses’ perceptions of the documentation process. Methods.  A descriptive, exploratory qualitative approach was used to conduct one-on-one, in-depth interviews with 20 nurses. The major interview question was, ‘What do you think the content of the computerized care plan provided in making care plans?’ Data analysis was based on Miles and Huberman's data reduction, data display, and a conclusion verification process. Findings.  Nurses generally viewed the content of the computerized nursing care planning system as a reference to aid memory, a learning tool for patient care, and a vehicle for applying judgement to modify care plan content. Conclusions.  Although computer technology is designed to streamline nurses’ work, using a computerized care plan system can also enhance their knowledge, experience and judgement of descriptions of patient problems and care strategies. Thus, the effects of using technology on documentation behaviours or patterns may deserve further exploration. Relevance to clinical practice.  While computerized documentation systems have been used widely in patient care, little attention has been given to how the design of care plan content affects the documentation process. Electronic documentation systems can introduce nurses to new skills and knowledge that may improve care quality

由Lewin的改變理論談護理資訊系統之推展

[[abstract]]越來越多資訊科技的導入正深深的影響並改變我們的生活，醫療機構在新興資訊科技的衝擊下，不斷的求新求變以能提高醫療品質，而企業化的管理更是現今醫院經營的方向，因此護理資訊化之推動須配合時勢加緊腳步加速前進。本篇是透過Lewin的改變過程理論，分析護理資訊推展中，護理主管及基層人員所面臨的改變；並針對護理資訊在臨床改變中護理主管應有的策略、角色功能，及基層護理人員應有的認知、責任及角色功能等方向進行探討，以期做為未來順利推展及建置護理資訊之依據。[[abstract]]The ever increasing are of information technology has deeply influenced, indeed changed our lives. Under its impact, healthcare institutions have constantly changed to improve the quality of patient care. Enterprise management has become a major focus of hospitals, and the development of nursing information systems has accelerated in line with this worldwide trend. The purpose of this study is to apply Lewin's change theory in analyzing a nursing information system, as well as to explore issues regarding challenges that such systems will present to managers and staff and the strategies that can be applied in order to set up the infrastructure for future nursing information systems