养殖鱼类疾病及其防治

本书分章介绍了草、青、鲢、鳙、团头鲂、鲤、鲫、罗非鱼、鳗鲡、虹鳟等鱼的重要或常见鱼病及防治方法。同时还专门介绍了新、老鱼药及应用范围，此外还论述了鱼病发生的原因及鱼病预防知识。本书介绍的鱼病病症采用原色图片，有利于读者诊断时参考

淡水养殖动物疾病及防治

本书可供有关科研院所的科技工作者和大专院校师生参考，是广大养鳖企业和养鳖专业户的技术参考依据，还展示了防病养鳖操作技术的部分典型实例，具有很强的实用性和可操作性

Er离子在Inp、GaAs和Si中的1.54μm特征发光峰

分别在InP、GaAs和Si中以7×10＜′14＞和1×10＜′15＞cm＜′－2＞的剂量进行Er离子注入, 并采用闭管、快速和炉退火等热处理。低温光致发光（PL）、反射式高等电子衍射和卢瑟福背散射实验研究表明, 上述样品中Er＜′3＋＞离子特征发光的中心波长均出现在1．5μm处, 其中InP的发光峰最强, 而注入损伤的恢复是影响Er＜′3＋＞发光的重要因素之一。卢瑟福背散射分析进一步证实退火后Er原子在Si中向表面迁移, 而在InP中的外扩散较小, 并比较了Er在InP和Si晶格中的占位情况。图7参1

Facile Synthesis of Pt-Cu Alloy Nanodendrites as High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

纳米材料的结构和化学成分对其催化性能的显著影响已经得到验证. 因此，本文通过一种简易的蚀刻方法，合成出具有均匀合金结构且尺寸和形貌均一的Pt-Cu纳米枝晶（NDs）作为高效氧还原（ORR）催化剂. 其树枝状形貌的形成得益于由Br-/O2氧化蚀刻剂引起的蚀刻效应. 通过改变Pt/Cu前驱体的比例可以容易地调节Pt-Cu NDs的Pt/Cu原子比，而不会使其树枝状形貌发生改变. 活性最高的碳载Pt1Cu1 NDs（Pt1Cu1 NDs/C）的面积比活性为1.17 mA·[email protected]（vs. RHE），约为商业Pt/C的5.32倍. 此外，Pt1Cu1 NDs/C还具有卓越的电化学耐久性，即使在经过加速衰减实验的12000个电势循环后仍保持其优异的ORR催化活性. Pt1Cu1 NDs/C优异的ORR催化活性和电化学耐久性得益于由其合金结构和枝晶形貌产生的电子效应和结构效应.Structures and compositions have significant effects on the catalytic properties of nanomaterials. Herein, a facile etching-based method was employed to synthesize Pt-Cu nanodendrites (NDs) with uniform and homogeneous alloy structures for enhancing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The formation of dendritic morphology was ascribed to the etching effect caused by the oxidative etchants of the Br-/O2 pair. The atomic ratio of Pt/Cu in Pt-Cu NDs could be easily tuned by altering the ratio of the Pt/Cu precursors, without deteriorating the dendritic morphology. The most active carbon-supported Pt1Cu1 NDs (Pt1Cu1 NDs/C) exhibited the area-specific activity of 1.17 mA·[email protected] V (vs. RHE), which is ~5.32 times relative to that of commercial Pt/C. Moreover, Pt1Cu1 NDs/C also possessed a remarkable electrochemical durability, preserving its superior ORR catalytic activity even after 12000 potential cycles during the accelerated degradation test. Such excellent catalytic activity and electrochemical durability of Pt1Cu1 NDs/C toward ORR were resulted from the combined electronic and structural effects, which are imparted by the Pt-Cu alloy structure and the dendritic morphology.获国家重点研发项目（No. 2016YFB0101201）和国家自然科学基金项目（No. 21533005, No. 21503134）资助This work was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFB0101201) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21533005 and No. 21503134)作者联系地址：1. 上海交通大学动力与机械工程学院燃料电池研究所，动力机械与工程教育部重点实验室，上海 200240; 2. 上海交通大学巴黎高科卓越工程师学院，上海 200240Author's Address: 1. Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Power & Machinery Engineering; 2. SJTU-Paris Tech Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Synthesis,characterization,structures and magnetic properties of chiral oxalate-bridged dicopper(Ⅱ) complexes

通讯作者, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected][中文文摘]分别以(8R,10R)-(−)-[4,5]-pineno-2,2′-bipyridine 或(8S,10S)-(+)-[4,5]-pineno-2,2′-bipyridine (LRR 和LSS)为手性配体合成双核铜络合物[Cu2(μ-ox)(LRR)2(H2O)2(ClO4)2] (1)、[Cu2(μ-ox)(LRR)2 (CH3COCH3)2(ClO4)2] (1a)、[Cu2(μ-ox)(LSS)2(H2O)2(ClO4)2] (2)和[Cu2(μ-ox)-(LRR)(LSS)(CH3COCH3)2 (ClO4)2] (3) (ox2− = 草酸根), 并探讨了其反应机理. 由元素分析、电导率、紫外可见谱(UVvis) 、圆二色(CD)谱和晶体结构分析推测: 该系列络合物具有草酸根桥联的双核结构, 两个铜 (II)离子与草酸根几乎成共平面; 1a 和3 的晶体结构分析表明, 每个Cu(II)的配位构型为拉长畸 变八面体, 双核分子中轴向的两个溶剂分子和两个高氯酸根互为反式配位. 对映体络合物1 和2 的溶液CD 光谱大致呈镜像对称, 在可见区的极弱CD 吸收峰可能源于LRR 和LSS 蒎烯基 上的手性中心对Cu(II)d-d 生色团的手性微扰产生的邻位效应. 采用最小二乘法和 Bleaney-Bowers 方程对络合物1 的变温磁化率测试数据进行拟合, 求得交换积分J = −338.41(4) cm−1, 表明铜(II)离子间有较强的反铁磁自旋交换作用.[英文文摘]The oxalato-bridged dicopper(II) complexes [Cu2(μ-ox)(LRR)2(H2O)2(ClO4)2] (1), [Cu2(μ-ox) (LRR)2(CH3COCH3)2(ClO4)2](1a), [Cu2(μ-ox)(LSS)2(H2O)2(ClO4)2] (2) and [Cu2(μ-ox)(LRR)(LSS)2 (CH3COCH3)2- (ClO4)2] (3) [LRR = (8R,10R)-(−)-[4,5]-pineno-2,2'-bipyridine, LSS = (8S,10S)-(+)- [4,5]-pineno-2,2'-bipyridine; ox2− = oxalate] were first prepared. A possible mechanism for the formation of the chial dicopper(II) complexes was proposed. Based on elemental analysis, conductance measurement, UV-vis spectra, CD spectra and X-ray single-crystal diffraction, the oxalato-bridged structures of 1 and 2 were deduced to adopt two Cu(II) ions and the bridged oxalate lying in the nearly same plane. The crystal structures of 1a and 3 reveal that the coordination geometry around each Cu(II) ion is an elongated and distorted octahedron and two axial solvent molecules and two perchlorate ions are anti to each other respectively in both binuclear molecules. The solution CD spectra of 1 and 2 in the visible d-d range show very weak Cotton effects with peaks at 588 and 779 nm, which are approximately of mirror image, suggesting the optical activities may be derived from the vicinal effects of the chiragenic centers at the pinene group of LRR and LSS, respectively. The complex 1 has been characterized by variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility and the data was least-square fitted to the Blenaey-Bowers equation. The exchange integral J was found to be –338.41(4) cm−1, indicating a strong antiferromagnetic interaction between two copper(II) ions.国家自然科学基金(20773098&20973136); 厦门大学科技创新工程基金(系列2)(XDKJCX20061027)资