Intense keV isolated attosecond pulse generation by orthogonally polarized multicycle midinfrared two-color laser field

We theoretically investigate the generation of intense keV attosecond pulses in an orthogonally polarized multicycle midinfrared two-color laser field. It is demonstrated that multiple continuum-like humps, which have a spectral width of about twenty orders of harmonics and an intensity of about one order higher than adjacent normal harmonic peaks, are generated under proper two-color delays, owing to the reduction of the number of electron-ion recollisions and suppression of inter-half-cycle interference effect of multiple electron trajectories when the long wavelength midinfrared driving field is used. Using the semiclassical trajectory model, we have revealed the two-dimensional manipulation of the electron-ion recollision process, which agrees well with the time frequency analysis. By filtering these humps, intense isolated attosecond pulses are directly generated without any phase compensation. Our proposal provides a simple technique to generate intense isolated attosecond pulses with various central photon energies covering the multi-keV spectral regime by using multicycle driving pulses with high pump energy in experiment.Comment: 11 pages,5 figures, research articl

Direct evidences for inner-shell electron-excitation by laser induced electron recollision

Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulses, generated by a process known as laser-induced electron recollision, are a key ingredient for attosecond metrology, providing a tool to precisely initiate and probe sub-femtosecond dynamics in the microcosms of atoms, molecules and solids[1]. However, with the current technology, extending attosecond metrology to scrutinize the dynamics of the inner-shell electrons is a challenge, that is because of the lower efficiency in generating the required soft x-ray \hbar\omega>300 eV attosecond bursts and the lower absorption cross-sections in this spectral range. A way around this problem is to use the recolliding electron to directly initiate the desired inner-shell process, instead of using the currently low flux x-ray attosecond sources.Such an excitation process occurs in a sub-femtosecond timescale, and may provide the necessary "pump" step in a pump-probe experiment[2]. Here we used a few cycle infrared \lambda_{0}~1800nm source[3] and observed direct evidences for inner-shell excitations through the laser-induced electron recollision process. It is the first step toward time-resolved core-hole studies in the keV energy range with sub-femtosecond time resolution.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Waveform-Controlled Terahertz Radiation from the Air Filament Produced by Few-Cycle Laser Pulses

Waveform-controlled Terahertz (THz) radiation is of great importance due to its potential application in THz sensing and coherent control of quantum systems. We demonstrated a novel scheme to generate waveform-controlled THz radiation from air plasma produced when carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) stabilized few-cycle laser pulses undergo filamentation in ambient air. We launched CEP-stabilized 10 fs-long (~ 1.7 optical cycles) laser pulses at 1.8 {\mu}m into air and found that the generated THz waveform can be controlled by varying the filament length and the CEP of driving laser pulses. Calculations using the photocurrent model and including the propagation effects well reproduce the experimental results, and the origins of various phase shifts in the filament are elucidated.Comment: 5pages, 5 figure

Mapping the spectral phase of isolated attosecond pulses by extreme-ultraviolet emission spectrum

An all-optical method is proposed for the measurement of the spectral phase of isolated attosecond pulses. The technique is based on the generation of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) radiation in a gas by the combination of an attosecond pulse and a strong infrared (IR) pulse with controlled electric field. By using a full quantum simulation, we demonstrate that, for particular temporal delays between the two pulses, the IR field can drive back to the parent ions the photoelectrons generated by the attosecond pulse, thus leading to the generation of XUV photons. It is found that the generated XUV spectrum is notably sensitive to the chirp of the attosecond pulse, which can then be reliably retrieved. A classical quantum-path analysis is further used to quantitatively explain the main features exhibited in the XUV emission

Laser-induced inner-shell excitations through direct electron re-collision versus indirect collision

The dynamics and the decay processes of inner-shell excited atoms are of great interest in physics, chemistry, biology, and technology. The highly excited state decays very quickly through different channels, both radiative and non-radiative. It is therefore a long-standing goal to study such dynamics directly in the time domain. Using few-cycle infrared laser pulses, we investigated the excitation and ionization of inner-shell electrons through laser-induced electron re-collision with the original parent ions and measured the dependence of the emitted x-ray spectra on the intensity and ellipticity of the driving laser. These directly re-colliding electrons can be used as the initiating pump step in pump/probe experiments for studying core-hole dynamics at their natural temporal scale. In our experiment we found that the dependence of the x-ray emission spectrum on the laser intensity and polarization state varies distinctly for the two kinds of atomic systems. Relying on our data and numerical simulations, we explain this behavior by the presence of different excitation mechanisms that are contributing in different ratios to the respective overall x-ray emission yields. Direct re-collision excitation competes with indirect collisions with neighboring atoms by electrons having "drifted away" from the original parent ion. (C) 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreemen

Intestinal Microbiota-Derived GABA Mediates Interleukin-17 Expression during Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection

Intestinal microbiota has critical importance in pathogenesis of intestinal infection; however, the role of intestinal microbiota in intestinal immunity during enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota is associated with intestinal interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression in response to ETEC infection. Here, we found ETEC infection induced expression of intestinal IL-17 and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, increasing abundance of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Antibiotics treatment in mice lowered the expression of intestinal IL-17 during ETEC infection, while GABA or L. lactis subsp. lactis administration restored the expression of intestinal IL-17. L. lactis subsp. lactis administration also promoted expression of intestinal IL-17 in germ-free mice during ETEC infection. GABA enhanced intestinal IL-17 expression in the context of ETEC infection through activating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) signaling. GABA–mTORC1 signaling also affected intestinal IL-17 expression in response to Citrobacter rodentium infection and in drug-induced model of intestinal inflammation. These findings highlight the importance of intestinal GABA signaling in intestinal IL-17 expression during intestinal infection and indicate the potential of intestinal microbiota-GABA signaling in IL-17-associated intestinal diseases

The Impact of the Regional Military Conflict in Global Stock and Commodity Market

As the crisis between Russia and Ukraine erupted, a certain degree of geopolitical risk has been triggered, which caused a significant impact on the global economy. The transmission mechanism of geopolitical risks is complex, and factors that may cause market volatility risks include trade factors, investor sentiment, relevant policies and so forth. This article will combine previous research findings and existing market data to explore the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the stock and commodity markets. Besides, it will also interpret the possible risk transmission mechanisms and consequences behind it based on statistics facts. The study found that this event had a disastrous effect on both the stock and commodity markets, but the specific direction and intensity of the fluctuations vary depending on the research subject. This article summarizes some previous research and provides a summary of the global economic impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and gives some suggestions to investors

Attosecond photoionization for reconstruction of bound-electron wave packets

We present a method for the characterization of bound-electron wave packets generated by a broadband excitation pulse. The technique is based on the photoionization of the electron wave packet by a delayed isolated attosecond pulse and on the measurement of the ionization asymmetry parameter in the direction of the probe pulse polarization, which depends on the pump-probe delay and on the photoelectron energy. By numerically solving the fully three-dimensional time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation we show that Fourier analysis of the two-dimensional ionization asymmetry parameter, displaying a complex interference pattern, enables a clear observation of quantum beats between pairs of stationary states involved in the generation of the wave packet. An analytical model confirms that the quantum beats’ signal encodes the weight of each stationary state, thus suggesting a feasible approach for the complete characterization of the relative population ratio of the excited-state components of thewave packet. Moreover, an approach based on the further analysis of quantum beats is proposed to retrieve the lifetime added to each excited state