A PRIMARY STUDY ON THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS of --(60)Co γ-RAYS IRRADIATION ON Marsupenaeus japonicus L.

本试验探讨了用不同辐照剂量60COγ射线处理日本囊对虾(MArSuPEnAEuS JAPOnICuS l.)亲体及幼体的生物学效应,并通过产卵量、孵化率、存活率、畸形率及亲虾的活力等,对辐射诱变效应进行评估。实验数经过SPSS11.0进行单因素方差分析以及线性回归分析显示,亲虾的活力、产卵量、孵化率和存活率随着辐照剂量的升高而下降,而畸形率则相应呈现出上升趋势,辐照剂量同日本囊对虾幼体各性状指标呈显著相关(r2>0.85)。试验还表明,大量受精卵在胚胎时期就发生死亡,但部分畸形的胚胎会发育到无节幼体阶段,并极有可能进一步发育到成体阶段,这将是对可能产生的诱变个体进行人工筛选的工作基础。The biological effects of -- 60 Co γ-rays irradiation on Marsupenaeus japonicus L.were studied.Through the data analysis of the spawning number, hatch rate, survival rate, deformity rate and the life performance of parental prawns the irradiation-induced effects was evaluated.The experimental data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Linear Regression methods in SPSS11.0.The results showed that the life performance of parental prawn, spawning number, hatch rate and survival rate were decreasing with the increase of irradiation dose.The deformity rate had a raising trend when dose increased.And the irradiation dose were significant related to the above index of Marsupenaeus japonicus larvae (R--2>0.85).Although many oosperms were dead in embryo-state, there were some deformed individuals developed into the nauplius-state.Those individuals might develop into adults which would be the base of selected-breeding in further study.厦门市海洋与渔业局科技计

Damage to mangroves from extreme cold in early 2008 in southern China

通讯作者Author for correspondence (E-mail: [email protected])2008年初,我国南方19个省经历了50年一遇的持续低温雨雪冰冻天气。极端气候对华南沿海各省的红树林区造成不同程度的危害。2008年3月,在我国南方各省红树林区的10个代表性地点,对这次寒害造成的红树植物伤害程度进行了系统的调查。结果表明:冬季低温对红树林的影响极为显著,特别是在低纬度的海南、广西和广东湛江,由于极端低温正值夜间退潮,对红树林的影响更为显著;在纬度较高的福建,本地红树种类秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)及引种的木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)等,由于长期适应于冬季较低的气温或在种植前经过抗寒锻炼,具有较强的抗寒能力。各地主要红树植物中,广布种秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤最为耐寒,其耐寒性均大于红树科的木榄、海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)和红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)。海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)对温度的敏感性最强,抗寒能力最低,因此,即使在其原产地海南也受到较为严重的寒害,在纬度更高的引种地出现大面积受害甚至全部死亡,而从孟加拉国引种的无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)却显示出一定的抗寒能力。同一地点的红树植物幼苗的抗寒能力低于大树。此次寒害也造成了苗圃场的种苗大量死亡,成熟的植株提前落花落果,这势必会影响后继一两年内红树林的自然更新和人工造林。因此,在未来红树林造林或人工引种中,一定要考虑到红树植物的抗寒能力。国家自然科学基金(30671646和30700092);厦门大学“闽江学者”启动基

Study on the reproduction of Cyclina sinensis

中华青蛤（CrclinasinensisGmelin)生殖生物学研究至今尚未见有系统.全面的报道。本文材料于1986年8月至1987年12月采自漳浦海区潮间带。在显微、亚显徽水平上和生化方面研究其生植周期和配子发生，结果如下：1，中华青蛤繁殖期在9月中旬到12月上旬间。性细胞分批成熟排放。温度是产卵的一个控制因素。作者根据生殖细胞本身发育规律和它们在滤波中所占比例把生殖腺发育过程分为五个阶段。2、在亚显微水平上观察到精子发生过程中细胞形态结构的变化和精细胞核，各细胞器的演变规律.首先观察到双壳类软体动物精子亚顶体区有一特珠的球状结构。3、在亚显微水平上观察到卵母细胞细胞核和各细胞器的演变规律、...Since few reproductive studies of Cyclina siensis had been reported systematically and completely,using microscopy,electron microscopy and biochemical technique the author has tried to study the reproductive cycle and gametogenesis of Cyclina sinensis collected from Zhangpu between August 1986 and December 1987.学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：YL000082

The Researches of Choice for the Radiation-induced Doses with --(60)Co-γ Rays of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus

本文将60CO-γ射线进行辐射诱变育种的技术首次应用于长毛明对虾的遗传育种过程,初步探讨了长毛明对虾的亲体及幼体在60CO-γ射线下不同诱变剂量的生物学效应,并通过产卵量、孵化率、存活率及亲虾的活力等数据,对辐射诱变剂量进行筛选,确定辐射诱变育种过程中辐射剂量的适宜范围。实验数据通过SPSS11.0进行单因素方差分析以及线性回归分析,研究结果显示诱变剂量同长毛明对虾幼体各性状指标有显著的相关关系(r2>0.90),各个实验组的孵化率以及存活率都随着诱变剂量的增加而呈现出相应的下降趋势,长毛明对虾进行辐射诱变适宜剂量的范围应在1gy-10gy之间,而有关诱变个体的胚胎发育和遗传分析还需进一步的研究。In this study,the use of ionizing radiation for inducing mutations by 60Co-γ rays has been first applied in the genetic breeding of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus.We primarily discussed the biological effect of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus larvae with different radiation-induced doses of 60Co-γ rays.Through the record of the egg numbers,hatch rate,survival rate and the life performance of the parental prawns,we can make a decision on radiation-induced doses to ensure the adaptable range of the radiation-induced breeding of the prawns in our study.Experimental data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and Linear Regression methods through SPSS11.0.Research results show that radiation-induced doses were obviously related to the characters of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus larvae(R2>0.90).The hatch rate and survival rate of each group has a relatively degressive trend with the increasing radiation-induced doses.The suitable dose range of the induced mutation in Fenneropenaeus penicillatus turns out to be between 1Gy and 10Gy.The analysis of embryo development and genetic diversity in radiation-induced individual needed a further research

Genetic variation in three farmed Plectorhinchus cinctus stocks with various body color using AFLP analysis

通过AFLP技术对中国东南沿海的3个不同体色花尾胡椒鲷(Plectorhinchus cinctus)养殖群体进行了遗传分析。6对引物组合从3个群体中扩增出370个位点,其中多态位点比例为49.5%,每对引物组合扩增的片段为51~71条,平均61.3条,每对引物组合多态位点检出率为39.4%~56.5%。正常群体、白色和灰色变异群体的多态位点比例分别为41.4%、36.3%、34.3%,平均杂合度分别为0.1145、0.0887和0.0837。遗传多样性衡量指标表明,正常花尾胡椒鲷养殖群体的遗传变异量相对最大,遗传多样性相对较高,白色变异群体次之,而灰色变异群体最低,白色变异群体和灰色变异群体两者间遗传多样性差异并不显著(P>0.05),显示变异群体的遗传多样性降低。正常群体与白色群体之间的遗传距离(0.0354)最大,遗传相似系数最小(0.9652)。同时,遗传分化系数Fst(0.1362)和AMOVA方差分量百分比(10.68%)也表明群体间存在着一定程度的遗传结构分化,说明对体色这一特定表型性状的人为定向选育对花尾胡椒鲷养殖群体的遗传变异产生一定的影响。Yellow-spotted grunt Plectorhinchus cinctus is a commercially important marine fish cultured in both southeast coast and Taiwan Province of China. At present,the technology on mass seed production and grow-out in a large scale are well established for this species in these areas. During the period of artificial breeding,the stock of morphs with white body and black eyes appeared in normal stock first,and then grey-morph stock differentiated from white stock. In order to assess genetic variation in these different Plectorhinchus cinctus stocks with different body color,to investigate their genetic structure,to evaluate the impact of artificial breeding on their genetic diversity and provide a baseline for further study of genetic breeding and population evolution as well,a total of 90 yellow-spotted grunt were collected from three different localities in both Fujian and Guangdong Provinces in 2004. Among them,12 randomly sampled fish from each stock were used for genomic DNA isolation,and then the amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) technique was employed to analyze genomic DNA polymorphism. The results showed that a total of 370 DNA amplification bands ranging from 100 to 900 bp were produced using 6 pairs of primer combinations selected for the three stocks,including EcoRI-ACC/MseI-CAG,EcoRI-ACC/MseI-CTC,EcoRI-ACC/MseI-CAC,EcoRI-ACT/MseI-CTC,EcoRI-AAC/MseI-CAT and EcoRI-AAC/MseI-CAC,of which 183 were polymorphic and the proportion of polymorphic loci was 49.5%. The amplified bands ranged from 51 to 57 with an average of 61.3 for each primer combination,and the detecting rate of each primer varied from 39.4% to 56.5%. These 6 primer combinations yielded 353 bands,317 bands and 327 bands,respectively,with 146,115 and 112 polymorphic loci for normal,white morph and grey morph stocks. Percent polymorphic loci of 41.4%,36.3% and 34.3% and average heterozygosity of 0.114 5,0.088 7 and 0.083 7 were determined in normal stock,white morph stock and grey morph stock respectively,which clearly showed the trend in the reduction of genetic diversity in morph stocks in comparisons with normal stock. The maximum genetic distance(0.035 4)was also detected between normal and white morph stocks with minimum genetic coefficient(0.965 2). At the same time,genetic division coefficient Fst(0.136 2)and percent variance component of AMOVA(10.68%)also indicated that some genetic differentiation occurred in these three stocks. There existed a certain genetic structure differenciation among them,but there was still more genetic divergence within the stocks than that between the stocks. Either NJ cluster analysis or UPGMA cluster analysis classified normal stock and grey stock into the same category,and white stock was another cluster. It is concluded that genetic divergence is higher in normal stock than that in white or grey stock;the former has rich genetic diversity and grey stock possesses low genetic divergence and diversity compared with the two others. Selective breeding in terms of body color as a specifically phenotypic trait has some impacts on genetic variation of farmed stocks of P. cinctus. However,due to a comparatively short time of isolation in each stock,there has been no significant genetic difference between them so far(P>0.05).福建省海洋与渔业局重点项目(闽渔科0371)

Studies on ploidy detection of induced Pseudosciaena crocea

于2001~2004年对人工诱导大黄鱼的不同发育阶段和不同组织进行倍性检测.胚胎眼泡期采用染色体计数法测定,鱼苗和成鱼阶段用流式细胞法.结果表明,胚胎染色体数目2n=48条为二倍体,3n=72条为三倍体.采用流式细胞法测定鱼苗和成鱼个体时,若受测样品的DNA相对含量值与已知对照组二倍体的比值约为1.5∶1,其个体为三倍体;比值约为1∶1,则为二倍体.无论用肌肉或尾鳍组织,皆可检测出其个体的倍性.Induced polyploidy has been identified for yellow croaker P.crocea at various developmental stages and with various tissues during 2001～2004.Ploidy levels from eyed embryos were determined by chromosome counts.Ploidy analyses of fish juveniles and adults were implemented using flow cytometry.The results indicated that chromosomal number of diploid embryos was 48 as 72 being triploids.For fish juveniles and adults,ploidy levels were detected by comparing DNA relative content of known diploid individuals with those of unknown ploidy levels,of which the individuals with as 1.5 fold DNA content as the control were identified as triploids and the same content as diploids.Ploidy levels of the individuals could be investigated using either muscle or tail fin tissues.福建省科技厅重大资助项目(2000z029