Histopathological Response of Giant Cell Induced by Root-knot Nematode,Meloidogyne javanica,in Tomato Roots under Potassium Stress

Comparison of histopathological response and quantitative measurement of giant cell(GC)induced by Meloidogyne javanica in tomato root were studied under potassium-deficient(0.2 mmol/L K+)and replete conditions(control,6.0 mmol/L K+).K+-deficient stress did not impede the formation and maintenance of GC.The mean number of GC per feeding site as well as the mean diameter of GC did not differ between the treatments.However,the thickness of cell wall including components resulted from the accumulated polysaccharide and the length of cell-wall ingrowth increased 5-25 d after inoculation in K+-deficient as compared with K+-replete conditions.An increase of cell-wall ingrowth suggested a kind of compensational response to the potassium stress.Comparison of histopathological response and quantitative measurement of giant cell(GC)induced by Meloidogyne javanica in tomato root were studied under potassium-deficient(0.2 mmol/L K+)and replete conditions(control,6.0 mmol/L K+).K+-deficient stress did not impede the formation and maintenance of GC.The mean number of GC per feeding site as well as the mean diameter of GC did not differ between the treatments.However,the thickness of cell wall including components resulted from the accumulated polysaccharide and the length of cell-wall ingrowth increased 5-25 d after inoculation in K+-deficient as compared with K+-replete conditions.An increase of cell-wall ingrowth suggested a kind of compensational response to the potassium stress.This study was supported by grants from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (06DZ22110

Effect of colonial breeding of Chinese Egret(Egretta eulophotes) on the heavy metal accumulation in heronry soil

本研究采用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)方法,测定福建漳浦菜屿岛黄嘴白鹭(EgrETTAEulOPHOTES)排泄物的重金属元素(V、Cr、Mn、nI、Cu、zn、Cd、SE、Pb)及半金属元素(AS)的含量,分析比较黄嘴白鹭繁殖之前和繁殖之后的集群营巢地、非营巢地的表层土壤的重金属元素及半金属元素含量的变化。结果显示:在本次测定的所有排泄物和土壤样本中均未检出元素SE和Cd;非营巢地土壤中各元素的含量在繁殖前后都没有显著差异(P>0.05),营巢地土壤中的zn和Pb元素的含量在繁殖前后有极显著差异(P 0.05),but the differences in concentrations of Zn and Pb in the nesting soil were highly significant before and after breeding(p < 0.01).A comparison of the concentrations of the elements in the nesting and non-nesting soils also reveals that before breeding,the concentration of Zn in these two soils were significantly different(p < 0.01).After breeding,concentrations of Cu,Zn,As and Pb in the nesting and non-nesting soil were significantly different(p < 0.01) while V and Ni concentrations showed merely significant differences(p < 0.05).These findings indicate that the colonial breeding activities of E.eulophotes play an important role in the transfer of heavy metals between wetland and island eco-systems and that such activities may,over time,result in heavy metal contamination of the heronry soil on the island.supportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(GrantNos.40876077;30970380);theFujianNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(2008S0007;2009J01195

r DNA sequence analysis and morphological redescription of Empoasca onukii from the tea growing area of Fujian

重新描述了小贯小绿叶蝉的形态结构,尤其是头部色斑、翅脉、腹部内突、下生殖板及其刚毛着生位置,并增加了足部(刺毛列)特征描述。通过PCr技术克隆得到该物种的r dnA序列,包括部分18S(1 843bP)和28S序列(667 bP)以及完整的5.8S(155 bP)、ITS1(3 114 bP)和ITS2序列(1 008 bP)。序列分析表明,18S,5.8S,28S与其他物种间具有90%~95%的序列一致性;而ITS1和ITS2序列变异性非常大。碱基组成比率分析显示ITS1以及ITS2具有AT偏好性,前者A+T占66.0%,后者占65.1%。与亲缘种的比较分析显示ITS1和ITS2具有丰富的多态位点,并且ITS2更适用于近缘种的分子鉴定。The morphological structures of Empoasca onukii,the cephalic splashes,vein,abdominal apodemes,subgenital plate and the arrangement of its bristles,and the characteristics of legs were redescribed,especially the arrangement of spines were added.Ribosomal DNA( r DNA) including partial of 18S( 1 843 bp),28S( 667 bp) and complete 5.8S( 155 bp),ITS1( 3 114 bp),ITS2( 1 008 bp) were isolated by PCR technology.Sequence analysis indicated that 18 S,5.8S and 28 S had high sequence identity( 90%- 95%) with other insects; however,ITS1 and ITS2 showed much variability.The analysis of base composition showed that ITS1 and ITS2 were more preferences for AT( contained 66.0% and 65.1% A + T,respectively).Comparison with the phylogenetic species revealed that ITS1 and ITS2 from E.onukii had rich polymorphic loci and ITS2 was more suitable for molecular identification of closely related species.国家自然科学基金(81171595

Study on ordination of marine-fish parasitic nematode larvae in Taiwan Strait

本文对中国台湾海峡鱼类寄生线虫的虫的形态特征进行了聚类分析 和主成份分析。针对目前鱼类寄生线虫形态分类中存在的问题，尤其是难以区分是形 态学差异还是个体间变异，以及主成份分析在分类学中运用应注意的问题进行探讨。The eight species of nematode larvae from marine fish in Taiwan Strait were studied with the clustering analysis of Euclidean taxonomic distance and principal components analysis (PCA), based on about fifteen structural characters of nematodes commonly used in traditional classification show similar results.Multivariate analysis indicated that environmental factors, notably host species, have effect on the morphology of marine-fish parasitic nematodes.Among characters, the PCA shows that, the characteristics describing the relative morphometric of , the alimentary canal and its appendix and some organs' relative position may play important roles in the taxonomy of nematodes.The ordination of the structural characters of nematodes obtained by PCA could further explain the relationship between species and then determine whether exist morphological and species difference

Study on Dynamic of Fish-parasitic Nematode Larva in Taiw an Strait

以蓝圆鱼参 dECAPTEruSM AruAdSI为宿主,对台湾海峡鱼类寄生线虫幼虫中两个优势种平均感染强度与蓝圆鱼参叉尾长及体重间的关系、线虫幼虫的感染强度、雌雄性比及幼虫性腺发育的月变化动态进行了观察.初步探讨环境温度和宿主生物学特性等与线虫幼虫动态间的关系.Dynam ic of Contracaecum sp.2 and Raphidascaristrichiurilarvae in Tai- wan Straitw ere investigated.The resultsshow thatthe larvalprevalence and intensity are not directly correlated w ith the seasonalvariation ofthe tem perature, butitaffects directly on lar- vae developm ent, gonad differentiation, body length and exuvialprocess.And the resultsalso show that the seasonal fluctuation and distribution of zoo-plankton and the biology of De- capterus m aruadsi play im portant roles in the prevalence and intensity of nem atode larvae. Som e otherfactors, such ascom petition betw een speciesofnem atodesw ithin thesam efish and the biology ofnem atodes itselfshouldn'tbe neglected

Study on infestation and dynamic of Anisakisis pathogen in marine fishes from Taiwan Strait

自 1 996年 3月至 1 998年 1月间 ,作者对从台湾海峡中心渔场捕获的常见 80种经济鱼类感染异尖线虫病病原线虫的情况进行了调查。文中报道了该海域主要的 4种病原线虫在鱼类中的感染状况及其动态。A nearly two years study on the infestation and dynamic of Anisakisis pathogen in marine fishes from Taiwan Strait was conducted. A total of 80 species of fishes was examined. Four species of parasitic nematode larvae, Contracaecum sp.(HC 5), Raphidascaris trichiur, Contracaecum muraenesoxi n. sp. and Anisakis simplex, which could be the pathogen of Anisakisis, appear in this area. Their infection prevalence are 54.32%, 16.05%, 32.10% and 21.16% of the examined fishes respectively. And they also have relatively high intensity of infection in some fishes, e.g. the mean intensity of the first two species in the body of Decapterus maruadsi is 46.25 and 28.78 respectively, and 47.14, 9.12 for the last two in Muraenesox cinereus respectively. The prevalence and intensity of infection of Anisakisis pathogen are not directly correlate with the seasonal variation of the temperature. The seasonal fluctuation and distribution of zoo-plankton, and the ecological and biological characteristics of fishes play important role in the dynamic of their infestion

The Impact of Egret Colonies on the Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Levels of Heronry Soils

对厦门白鹭自然保护区鸡屿岛上的鹭类集群营巢地的表层土壤进行测定,比较繁殖前营巢地、繁殖后的营巢地及非营巢地土壤当中的全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全钾(K)的含量.实验测得,繁殖前营巢地土壤全氮百分含量为0.038±0.006;全磷百分含量为0.086±0.015;全钾百分含量为1.049±0.048;繁殖后营巢地土壤全氮百分含量为0.090±0.015;全磷百分含量为0.262±0.154;全钾百分含量为1.236±0.077.繁殖后营巢地的土壤含氮、磷、钾的水平均显著高于繁殖前(P<0.05),亦显著高于非繁殖地(P<0.05).说明鹭鸟的集群繁殖活动能够提高营巢地土壤的营养状况,提示这种影响经过长期积累以后可能导致营巢地植被结构和生境发生变化.The total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the topsoil sampled from Jiyu Islet in Xiamen Egret Nature Reserve were measured.The percents of N,P,K in the topsoil collected after breeding under heronries was 0.090±0.015,0.086±0.015,and 1.236±0.077 respectively. Comparatively,the percents of N,P,K in the topsoil collected before breeding under heronries was 0.038±0.006,0.086±0.015,and 1.049±0.048.The results showed that the contents of N,P,K in the heronry topsoil after breeding were significantly greater than those in the topsoil collected before breeding(P<0.05) or than those in the topsoil without egret colonies (P<0.05).These results concluded that the nutrient levels of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were increased by the colonially nesting ardeinae.It implies that long-term occupancy of colony sites might lead to the changes of plant community structure and habitat in heronries.福建省自然科学基金(D9910003)资

Effect of different organic carbon and NH_4~+ levels on life cycle of Belonolaimus longicaudatus on excised corn root

在24℃无菌、无光照、不同碳素和氮素水平培养条件下,观察了以玉米切根根尖为食的长尾刺线虫 Belono-laimus longicaudatus的发育.结果表明,刺线虫完成生活史所需的最短时间没有明显受到不同碳素水平的影响.碳素缺乏时,刺线虫的存活率和成虫的比率明显下降.在5-10倍于标准B5培养基中NH4+水平的环境下,没有观察到NH4+对刺线虫的发育有不良影响.The effect of different sucrose and NH4+ levels on development of Belonolaimus longicaudatus was separately investigated on excised corn root in 24℃. The results showed that the maximum development rate of the nematodes was not obviously affected by organic carbon levels tested as nematodes approaching in the stage of adult. Carbohydrate-poor nutritious sediment had an important impact on the survival rate and the percentage of adult of the sting nematode. Whereas, the ammonium-rich amendment didn' t have any negative impact on the maximum rate of development, survival rate, and the percentage of javeniles and adults within the certain range tested.教育部留学回国人员基金;厦门市环保局科技计划项