加速器驱动的核电站──干净现实的核能源──

由一台１６００ＭｅＶ的强流质子加速器来辅助驱动一座熔盐核反应堆，从而组建一座新型的核电站．这座电站中裂变核燃料“燃烧”完全，没有长寿命的重锕系与裂片的核废料输出；并可以直接用天然存在的大量钍和贫铀元素作为核燃料来使用．核电站将２０％电能供给加速器运转，８０％电能并入电网．同时电站还可输出十分稀有的稳定同位素和短寿命医用同位素，作为副产品供应市场．这一干净的核能源就是加速器驱动式核反应堆．简称驱动堆；它没有核废料，比自持式核反应堆安全．A new type of nuclear power station can be built by a moltensalt reactor auxiliary driven by a strong neutron source produced by a intensive proton beam with the energy of 1600 MeV from a powerful accelerator. In the power station the nuclear fuels are completely burnt without some long-lived radioactive wastes both of heaVy actinide and fission products. Furthermore the thorium and sub-critical uranium which are massive existence in nature can be used as an available nuclear fuel in the nuclear power stat

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对加速器辅助驱动次临界核反应堆的最近研究进展 ,特别是靶实验结果 ,进行了评述 .通过对靶实验首次全产物截面的测定 ,达到了剥离反应与裂变反应二者产物的完全识别

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提出用多个准卡西尼亚回转体围绕一个内接球来作为对称２重及多重碎裂的形状．该形状可以从一球形光滑地形交到断点（仅用一个形变参数）．此形状是卡西尼亚卵形体的推广，在二裂变情况下已证明它是一个良好的近似．利用这种参数化的类卡西尼亚形状，计算出了２、３、４、６和８重碎裂的形变位势和位垒，计算中考虑了亲近势和裂变位垒对温度的依赖性．此外还讨论了裂变动力学延时效应对于平衡统计多重碎裂的影响。Deformation consisting of a series of quasi-Cassinian rotating bodies surrounding a inner joined sphere is assumed to be that associated with symmetric multifold fissions into two or more fragments. The deformation shapes with only one parameter evolve smoothly from that of an initial spherical nucleus to the scission point. The shapes are calculated using a quasi-Cassinian ovaloid shape parameterization, which has been demonstrated to be a good approximation for binary fission.Using this parameterization t...美国能源部、Robert　A．　Welch基金,中国国家自然科学基

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中性原子的核与全剥０离电子的裸核在核衰变行为上将会出现Ａ链上相邻两核素的正负β衰变的反置，从而修改了β稳定线．现代技术已有可能产生直到最重的铀裸核，并能存贮一定时间。这就可能对很重的类氢离子的Ｓ电子兰姆移位和它们的扭精细分劈值进行精确测量，从而检验量子电动力学（ＱＥＤ）．简要介绍产生并存贮裸核的最新成就，在更高一级的水平上，将核物理与原子物理的研究结合起来

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肖特基（Ｓｃｈｏｔｔｋｙ）精密质量谱仪，是建立在ＧＳＩ所（当今核研究的领导所）电子冷却存储环（ＥＳＲ）上的精密质量谱仪，它对轻中量核与重核的测量精度Δｍ／ｍ分别达到５×１０－６，和５×１０－７．该谱仪为非阻挡型极灵敏的，甚至可测出一个裸核的测量设备，是冷却存储环束流诊断的可靠仪器，又是一台作核反应和核谱学研究的精密质量测定的谱仪．A Schottky precise mass spectroscope in lightmedium and in heavier nuclei with the mass resolution of Δm/m=5×10-6　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　or 5×10-7,respectively,has been successfully built up and operated well at ESR ( Experimental Storage Ring cooled by electron beam) in G SI,the leading nuclear research institute.The spectroscope is anonstop of the beam type with quite sensitive,even one nucleus can be measured,setup that is a beam diagnosis relia ble instrument for the cooling beam in ESR,now it be..

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从实验角度评述了重离子裂变反应动力学研究现状．内容包括动力学裂变宽度、裂变时标、核粘滞性的温度和形变相关性以及从裂变实验上研究核粘滞性的方法等．The present status of the dynamics study for heavyioninduced fission reaction includesing the dynamical fission width,the fission time scale,the temperature and deformation dependence of the nuclear viscosity and the methods of the extracting viscosity from fission experiments induced by heavy ion reactions is reviewed.

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用一个球到多个球重叠到分离的几何形状来描述裂片相互以120°方向形变(品字型),相互沿一条直线的拉长三体形变,以及先非对称后对称的级联三分裂的形变过程。方便比较只用了一个形变参数。基于液滴模型计算了表面能和库仑能,加入了新生碎片之间的核势,局域壳效应的壳能,给出三种三分裂模式的形变势能比较。考虑热核的各种温度效应,计算了在有限温度下这三种模式的位垒穿透概率,给出高温核位垒高度下降甚至位垒消失,定性给出三分裂的最可能的裂变方式。We define explicitly a fission path from u single sphere to partial overlapping up to separated spheres to describe three fragments with 120 (oblate), along a line (prolate), and to describe cascade with the first asysinetric fission and the second sysmetric fission. It is easy to compare the three modes for one deformation parameter. The barrieres are calculated by the temperature dependence of liquid drop model, adding the proximity potential to take into account the finite range effects of the nuclear fo国家自然科学基金资助的课

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以很长半衰期 ( 4 2× 1 0 9a)的 β-衰变的 187Re- 187Os核对作为大尺度的宇宙核钟来量度宇宙的年纪 ,是近代天文学与核物理学相结合的又一典范 .这种宇宙时钟是利用裸核 187Re与它的衰变子体 187Os同位素在共生矿中天然含量的比值来测定时间的 .利用 187Re裸核的半衰期通过核物理计算可对中性 187Re的半衰期进行修

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本文介绍我们研制的一台用于重离子鉴别的位置灵敏布喇格探测器，它是在普通布喇格探测器的Ｆｒｉｓｃｈ栅和阳极之间加进一个辅助栅──—Ｐ栅．位置信号从Ｐ栅上提取，位置由丝确定，用电荷分除法来进行位置读出。其性能用￣（２５２）Ｃｆａ源进行了测试，得到位置分辨△ｘ＜９ｍ