Simple Discusses on the Marketing Channel of Bio-medicine Industry ─ the Study on Marketing Channel of Company A

生物医药是21世纪的朝阳产业，它不仅有一般医药企业的特点，亦有自身的特征。我国医药市场巨大，经济全球化及产业结构调整引发了企业成长方式的变局，入世后生物医药领域已经出现的新的竞争态势和格局。企业面临着各种变数，在变局中寻机遇、求发展已成为不可回避的现实。生物医药企业的竞争已经转向全方位的竞争，研究在大趋势下的机遇和挑战，全面分析宏观环境及各种医药改革政策对企业的影响，正确把握市场脉搏及发展方向，重新选准在市场中的定位，而其中销售渠道的竞争是重中之重。本文通过案例分析A公司销售渠道的现状，探索如何创建销售渠道优势。 本文共分为四部分，第一部分阐述医药企业销售渠道的历史与发展，并结合目前的环境，...The bio-medicine industry is the rising industry in the 21st century. It not merely has the characteristics of general medical enterprises, but also has its own characteristics. The medical market of our country is enormous, the changed situation of the way that economic globalization and industrial structure adjustment have caused enterprises to grow up, new competition situation and pattern that...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院工商管理教育中心_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号：20021514

Progress in dynamic parameters and techniques of marine viral ecology

病毒在海洋中无处不在,是海洋生态系统中丰度和基因多样性最高的生命粒子。病毒是海洋生态系统中的活跃分子,通过感染和裂解宿主细胞使生命颗粒有机碳再返回到非生命的溶解有机碳,形成了微食物环中的“病毒回路“。病毒丰度,多样性和分布是海洋病毒生态学研究中重要的基本参数,但是由于病毒对生态系统的影响是一个动态过程,上述静态参数无法满足病毒生态学研究的需要,因此对病毒生态过程中的动态参数进行研究有着至关重要的意义。文章介绍了近20年来海洋病毒生态学研究中的主要动态参数包括接触率、感染率、裂解量、病毒引起的宿主死亡率以及病毒自身的生产率和降解率的研究进展及相关研究技术。Viruses are ubiquitous in the sea.They are the most abundant group of biological entities and rep-resent the largest pool of genetic diversity in the marine ecosystem.Viruses are the active members of marine eco-logical system.They affect the nutrient cycling and the energy flow through lysing their hosts,which transfer par-ticle organic carbon into dissolved organic carbon,and form the "viral loop".Viral abundance,diversity and dis-tribution are important parameters in marine viral ecology.But,as static parameters,they can not meet demands of viral ecological studies of dynamic processes.It is necessary to investigate dynamic parameters in the viral eco-logical processes.In this paper,major dynamic parameters,including contact rate,infection rate,burst size,host mortality caused by viruses,viral production and decay rate,and related techniques in ecological research of ma-rine viruses in recent 20 years are reviewed

Screening and Cloning of IMP Cyclohydrolase from a Metagenomic Cosmid Library of a Deep-sea Sediment Sample

为了解嘌呤合成途径的关键酶——IMP环水解酶的多样性,从深海沉积物样品中提取总dnA构建COSMId宏基因组文库,从中筛选出一个具有IMP环水解酶活性的克隆(CAIMP1).通过基因步移的方法从CAIMP1的约35 kb的插入片段中扩增出长度为1 599 bP的完整的IMP环水解酶基因,该基因包含MgS和AICArfT_IMPCHAS两个保守结构域.活性检测结果表明CAIMP1克隆的发酵液上清具有较强的IMP环水解酶活性.该酶与数据库中收录的IMP环水解酶的氨基酸序列同源性较低,系统发育分析也表明该酶与其它参照序列亲缘关系较远,表明该序列可能为一个新的IMP环水解酶基因.IMP cyclohydrolase is a key enzyme in the purine synthesis pathway.A clone(CAIMP1) producing IMP cyclohydrolase activity was isolated from a metagenomic library which was constructed from metagenomic DNA of a deep-sea sediment sample.The gene coding for the IMP cyclohydrolase with the size of 1 599 bp was subcloned from the 35 kb inserted fragment of CAIMP1 by gene walking.Two conserved domains,MGS and AICARFT_IMPCHas,was found in the gene.The CAIMP1 exhibited high activity towards 5-formaminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide(FAICAR).The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequence of the CAIMP1 IMP cyclohydrolase showed that it had low homology with other referenced sequences in GenBank,indicating that it might be a new sequence.中国大洋协会项目(No.DYXM-115-02-2-04)资助---

海洋浮游生物电子传递系统研究进展

国家自然科学基金!49636220;4977630

Screening and enzyme characterization of Antarctic alkaline-amylase-producing strain Pseudomonas sp. NJ270

从南极中山站排污口沉积物样品中筛选到一株产碱性淀粉酶的耐冷菌株nJ270,结合形态学观察和16S rdnA序列分析表明该菌属于假单胞菌属(PSEudOMOnAS).发酵试验发现添加淀粉能使产酶量提高8.42倍.采用硫酸铵沉淀、Q SEPHArOSE Xl离子交换层析和SEPHAdEX g-75凝胶层析对假单胞菌nJ270淀粉酶进行了纯化,获得电泳纯的淀粉酶,SdS-PAgE检测结果表明该酶大小约为55 kdA.酶学性质研究表明其最适PH值为9.0,最适作用温度为50℃.在低于40℃的条件下具有较高的热稳定性,属于碱性中温淀粉酶.该酶可水解可溶性淀粉生成麦芽五糖.酶活力受多种金属离子和螯合剂的影响,其中Mg2+可使酶活力提高10%,而fE3+、CO2+、Cu2+、zn2+、Hg2+、EdTA则能抑制酶活性,抑制率均为60%左右.该酶的性质特征表明其在洗涤剂制造等工业生产中有一定的应用潜力.A psychro-tolerant bacteria NJ270 capable of producing alkaline amylase was isolated from the waste pipe of Zhongshan Station,Antarctica.It was identified as the genus Pseudomonas by its morphology and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The production of amylase was increased by 8.42 times by adding starch during fermentation.Purification of Pseudomonas sp.NJ270 amylase was performed by ammonium sulfate precipitation,Q Sepharose XL anion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-75 exclusion chromatography in sequence.The result of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis indicated that the molecular weight of the enzyme was about 55 kDa.The optimum conditions for amylase activity were observed at pH 9.0 and 50℃.The amylase showed a better thermo-stability below 40℃.These results indicated that Pseudomonas sp.NJ270 was an alkaline mesothermal-active amylase.The enzyme hydrolyzed soluble starch into meltopentaose.The activity was stimulated by Mg2+ with an increment of 10%.However,it was inhibited by Fe3+,Co2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Hg+and EDTA resulted in decrement of 60%.The characteristics of the enzyme show that it has a certain potential applications in detergent manufactures.厦门海洋研究开发院资助项目;国家863计划资助项目(2007AA091407