Studies on the zooplankton and feeding habit of Larimichthys crocea (Richardson, 1846) in Sansha Bay, Fujian

三沙湾地处福建省东北部，口小腹大，饵料丰富，是我国重要的大黄鱼(Larimichthyscrocea)产卵场之一。本文根据2010年6月、8月、10月和2011年4月、5月在三沙湾海域采集到的浮游动物样品，对三沙湾浮游动物种类组成、丰度变化、优势种和生物多样性开展研究。结合海域水质、水文条件，对浮游动物的生态类群组成及其对温度和盐度的生态适应性进行了分析。探讨了浮游动物生态类群结构的时空变化及其与水团和营养盐等的相关关系。并根据2010年6月大黄鱼胃含物样品，对夏季大黄鱼幼鱼饵料食物组成及其食性进行研究，初步探讨了大黄鱼的摄食选择性机制。力求进一步了解三沙湾海域浮游动物群落结构，浮游动物生态类...The semi-enclosed coastal waters of northeastern Fujian, Sansha Bay, are an important natural spawning ground for the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) in China. The large yellow croaker is an important species for Chinese fisheries, and depends on a healthy zooplankton population. In this study, the spatial and temporal variations in speices number and abundance of zooplankton in Sansha ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：2242010115135

Seasonal succession of zooplankton in Sansha Bay,Fujian

根据2010年6月—2011年5月三沙湾海域5个航次海洋综合调查资料,对三沙湾浮游动物种群特征进行分析,并与我国不同纬度海湾生态类群结构进行比较。探讨三沙湾海域浮游动物生态类群季节变化特征及其受水团季节变化的影响。研究结果表明:4月和5月三沙湾海域主要受到浙闽沿岸流影响,生物多样性H'指数分别为2.03和2.02;种类数分别仅为17种和19种,明显低于6月、8月和10月;浮游动物生态类群以暖温带近海种为主;优势种种类数少,单一优势种优势性明显,4月中华哲水蚤丰度占浮游动物总丰度的65.03%;群落结构特征与同期我国长江口浮游动物区系特征相似。6月三沙湾海域受到浙闽沿岸流和台湾暖流共同影响,同时因闽北雨季导致大量大陆径流汇入,使得该月浮游动物种群结构复杂,生物多样性指数和种类数全年最高,为3.12和45种,与5月相比,种类更替明显,物种更替率为69.39%;亚热带近海种丰度百分比最高(73.03%),亚热带外海种种类数百分比次之(48.89%),是海域浮游动物生态类群由以暖温带近海种为主向以亚热带外海种为主的过渡时期。8月和10月浙闽沿岸流消失,三沙湾海域受台湾暖流控制,海水温度和盐度升高,生物多样性指数和种类数均略低于6月;生态类群结构以亚热带外海种为主;优势种特征表现为种类数多而各个优势种丰度较低;浮游动物群落结构特征与南海北部海域浮游动物组成极为相似。The semi-enclosed coastal waters of northeastern Fujian(Sansha Bay) are an important natural spawning ground for the large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea) in China.The yellow croaker is an important species for Chinese fisheries,and depends on a healthy zooplankton population.In this study,the seasonal succession of zooplankton in Sansha Bay was described and its relationship to the currents from the open sea was analyzed.Sampling was carried out in June,August and October 2010,and in April and May 2011.Seasonal changes in the zooplankton community structure were strongly influenced by the coastal current and the Taiwan Warm Current as well as an influx of freshwater from the mainland.A total number of 71 species of zooplankton were identified,which consisted of 19.72% warm temperate nearshore species,30.99% subtropical nearshore species and 47.89% subtropical offshore species.In April and May,influenced by the coastal current,the water temperature and salinity were both low,which induced a bottoming-out in the diversity index(H′)(2.03 and 2.02,respectively) as well as the number of species(17 and 19,respectively).The zooplankton fauna was exclusively of the warm temperate nearshore type,especially in April.Both the species number and abundance of warm temperate nearshore species were high(76.47% and 96.28%,respectively).Calanus sinicus,one of only a few dominant species in April,comprised 65.03% of the total abundance of all zooplankton.The simple structure of the zooplankton fauna comprised only a few species and with a high contribution made by each of the dominant species in this period was similar to characteristics noted in the warm-temperate water area north of the Yangtze River.During the June rainy season,a high diversity index(3.12) and species number(45) were recorded owing to the impact of the coastal current,the Taiwan Warm Current and a high volume of fresh water input.These were the most influential factors on the complex taxonomic structure and eco-group composition of the zooplankton fauna.June also displayed the highest species turnover rate,reaching up to 69.39%,compared with other months.The dominate eco-group type changed rapidly from warm temperate and subtropical nearshore species to subtropical offshore species in this month.Subtropical nearshore species comprised the highest proportion of species(73.03%).Subtropical offshore species contributed 48.89% of the overall abundance.After the rainy season,in August and October,there was a slight decrease in diversity index and species number,and the water temperature and salinity increased sharply owing to the strong affect of the Taiwan Warm Current.The zooplankton community was dominated(in terms of species numbers and density) by highly diversified subtropical offshore species.Its proportion of species number and abundance in August were 57.14% and 59.94%,respectively,and species number proportion was 57.58% in October.The community structure had many more dominant species than in April and May,of which the vast majority were subtropical offshore species.The characteristics of the zooplankton community in Sansha Bay were similar to those in the subtropical water areas of the South China Sea.国家自然科学基金项目(40776077); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB428705

Comparison of zooplankton communities inside and outside the Hangzhou Bay in autumn

本文比较了杭州湾湾外海域(122.10°–122.58°E,30.54°–30.93°N)和湾内不同海域(北岸东侧:121.67°–121.87°E,30.68°–30.83°N;南岸东侧:121.60°–121.85°E,29.95°–30.24°N;北岸西侧:121.31°–121.56°E,30.58°–30.77°N)秋季浮游动物的群落组成、累积优势度曲线以及多样性指数(H')等群落结构特征,并进行了差异性分析。结果表明:湾外海域的群落组成与湾内海域的3个群落之间均有较大的差异。湾外海域的群落I是以中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphausia sinica)等近海种、背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus)等沿岸低盐种为主,其次是外海种。湾内南岸东侧海域的群落II主要以左突唇角水蚤(Labidocera sinilobata)等沿岸低盐种为主,近海种次之。湾内北岸东侧海域的群落III是以真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)等沿岸低盐种、虫肢歪水蚤(Tortanus vermiculus)等河口半咸水种组成的混合群落。湾内北岸西侧海域群落IV是以虫肢歪水蚤为代表的河口半咸水种为主的群落。总的说来,这一水域向西和向北方向出现更低盐度适应性的群落。从累积优势度曲线来看,湾外海域群落I与湾内北岸东侧群落III的累积优势度上升趋势均相对平缓,但群落III的初始累积优势度略高于群落I;而与群落I相比,湾内南岸东侧的群落II与北岸西侧的群落IV的初始累积优势度均很高。湾外海域群落I的初始累积优势度较低,显示出群落I的优势种较多,而单一优势种优势度低于湾内3个群落。方差分析结果表明:湾外海域的浮游动物多样性指数与湾内3个海域均有极显著差异(P0.05)。说明湾外浮游动物群落的多样性高于湾内海域。湾内外海域浮游动物群落特征之间有较大差异,其主要原因是影响各自群落的主导水团明显不同。We analyzed and compared the differences in community composition,K-dominance curves and diversity index(H') of zooplankton community structure characteristics inside and outside the Hangzhou Bay in autumn(outside the bay: 122.10°–122.58° E,30.54°–30.93° N; inside the bay: the east area of north: 121.67°–121.87° E,30.68°–30.83° N; the east area of south:121.60°–121.85° E,29.95°–30.24° N; the west area of north: 121.31°–121.56° E,30.58°–30.77° N).Results indicated that there were large differences between the community composition of zooplankton outside the bay and those in the three areas inside the bay.The area outside the bay(community I) was composed of nearshore species such as Pseudeuphausia sinica and nearshore low-salinity species such as Centropages dorsispinatus,followed by offshore species.Community II(the eastern area of south Hangzhou Bay) was composed of nearshore low-salinity species such as Labidocera sinilobata,followed by nearshore species.Community III(the eastern area of north Hangzhou Bay) was mixed with nearshore low-salinity species such as Labidocera euchaeta and estuarine brackish-water species such as Tortanus vermiculus.Community IV(the western area of north Hangzhou Bay) was characterized by the dominant species,Tortanus vermiculus of estuarine brackish-water species that had the highest proportion,which was different from the community I.Generally,the community with lower salinity adaptability appeared in the western and northern areas.According to K-dominance curves,the dominance curves of community I and community III were quite gentle.In addition,the initial cumulative dominance of community III was higher than that of community I.Compared with community I,the initial cumulative dominance of community II and community IV were far higher than that of community I.The initial cumulative dominance of community I(outside the bay) was particularly low,which indicated that there were many types of dominant species in community I,and the dominance of single dominant species was lower than those communities inside the bay.Results of variance analysis indicated that there were highly significant differences between the diversity index of zooplankton outside the bay and those in the other three waters inside the bay(P 0.05).This showed that the diversity index of zooplankton outside the bay was higher than those of the communities inside the bay.The influence of different water masses resulted in zooplankton community differences in the inner and outer waters of the bay.国家自然科学基金(41176131);; 海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201305027

Summer diet composition and feeding ecology of large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea) in Guanjing Yang

2010年6月在福建省官井洋海域收集579尾大黄鱼(lArIMICHTHyS CrOCEA)标本进行胃含物分析,同步采集取样点附近水域浮游动物及张网样品,比较大黄鱼胃含物种类与水域中生物种类组成的相似性。结果表明:大黄鱼食物种类共32种,种类广泛。大黄鱼主要摄食十足类(相对重要性指标百分比%IrI=49.14%)、鱼类(%IrI=20.47%)、磷虾类(%IrI=18.31%)和糠虾类(%IrI=2.34%),具有以游泳动物、浮游动物为主要食物对象的肉食性摄食习性。细螯虾(lEPTOCHElA grACIlIS)(相对重要性指标IrI=976.10,%IrI=35.38%)和中华假磷虾(PSEudEuPHAuSIA SInICA)(IrI=505.27,%IrI=18.31%)为大黄鱼食物组成中最重要的食物种类。海区中,浮游动物以桡足类为主,占所有浮游动物总丰度的45.03%,主要优势种为太平洋纺锤水蚤(ACArTIA PACIfICA,优势度y=0.14)、双刺唇角水蚤(lAbIdOCErA bIPInnATA,y=0.09)和中华哲水蚤(CAlAnuS SInICuS,y=0.06);张网渔获物共鉴定91种,主要为细螯虾、白姑鱼(ArgyrOSOMuS ArgEnTATuS)、大黄鱼(lArIMICHTHyS CrOCEA)蟳、双斑(CHArybdIS bIMACulATA)、三疣梭子蟹(POrTunuSTrITubErCulATuS)、银鲳(PAMPuS ArgEnTEuS)鮻和棱(lIzA CArInATuS)。研究表明,大黄鱼对食物种类具有明显的选择性,主要体现在喜好追逐捕食海区中的小型虾类和仔、稚、幼鱼以及体型相对较大的浮游动物磷虾类和糠虾类。The population of large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea) has declined since the 1970s.Despite the decline,little is known about the feeding behavior and diet of this species.Our objective was to document the dietary composition of large yellow croaker.We collected 579 specimens from the sea near Guanjing Yang,Fujian province during June 2010.We documented the stomach contents of each individual and calculated the occurrence frequency(F%),individual number percentage(N%),weight percent(W%),and an index of relative importance(IRI).In addition,we compared diet composition of the zooplankton and nektonic assemblages in the ambient water.We identified 32 species in the diet.The most abundant were decapoda,fish,euphausiacea,mysidacea,amphipoda,crabs,copepoda,and stomatopoda.Decapoda(%IRI=49.14%) and fish(%IRI=20.47%) were the most important prey groups in the diet.Euphausiacea(%IRI=18.31%) and Mysidacea(%IRI=2.34%) constituted the second most important prey groups.Leptochela gracilis(IRI=976.10,%IRI=35.38%) and Pseudeuphausia sinica(IRI=505.27,%IRI=18.31%) were the most important prey species.Our data suggest that the large yellow croaker is carnivorous and feeds primarily on decapods,fish,and macro zooplankton.The trophic level of the wild large yellow croaker is lower than nektonic-animal feeders but higher than planktonic-animal feeders.The dominant species of the zooplankton assemblage was copepoda,primarily Acartia pacifica(Y=0.14),Labidocera bipinnata(Y=0.09),and Calanus sinicus(Y=0.06).The percent mean abundance of Euphausiacea and Mysidacea was 0.83%.Fish,crabs,and decapods were the most abundant nektonic organisms.We hypothesize that the large yellow croaker exhibits selectivity for food,preferring small decapods,fish larvae,euphausiacea,and mysidacea to other groups.国家自然基金项目(40776047);973计划项目(2010CB428705

碳材料在抗海洋生物污损领域中应用的研究进展

海洋生物污损一直是困扰全球海洋经济发展的重要问题之一。任何材料进入海洋环境,其表面不可避免地会遭受蛋白、多糖、细菌、海藻、软体动物等海洋生物贴附形成生物污损,不仅影响海上装备的正常运转和增加能源消耗,同时极易引起微生物腐蚀。因此,海洋抗污损新材料的开发显得极为迫切。目前碳纳米材料因具有优异的理化特性,而在海洋防腐、耐磨等工程上大量使用,其抑制海洋污损物贴附和生长的性能决定了碳材料在抗海洋生物污损领域具有广阔的应用前景。综述了石墨烯、类金刚石、金刚石、碳纳米管、富勒烯及其衍生物等典型碳纳米材料,在抗蛋白质、细菌、海藻等生物污损领域的应用现状以及抗污损机理。碳材料在海洋环境中优异的综合性能,预示其将给抗海洋生物污损新材料的开发和应用带来更多的机遇和可能