An Analysis of Coastal State Jurisdiction on Preventing Vessel-Source Pollution

徐伟力，中国海洋大学法政学院国际法专业2004级硕士研究生。【中文摘要】对于船舶造成海洋污染的管辖权问题，《联合国海洋法公约》确立 了沿海国、船旗国和港口国的相对平行管辖原则。本文通过分析《联合国海洋法 公约》的相关规定，阐述了沿海国对船舶污染海洋环境所享有的管辖权。 【Abstract】To solve the issue of jurisdiction distribution over marine damage caused by vessel-source pollution，the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) creates a parallel jurisdiction principle to administer distribution among coastal States, flag States and port States. This article provides an analysis of the vessel-source pollution provisions of the UNCLOS, expanding on the coastal State jurisdiction over marine vessel-source pollution

艾比湖干涸湖底不同地表类型风蚀强度及粉尘输移通量的风洞试验研究

以新疆准格尔盆地西部艾比湖干涸湖底及相关邻近地区7种不同形态的原状土为研究对象,通过风洞模拟试验,揭示干涸湖底不同地表类型的风蚀强度和沙/盐尘低空输送通量。结果表明:粉状盐漠和含盐量较低的淤泥-粘土混合物临界启动风速最低,硬质盐壳的临界启动风速最大;大于16 m.s-1的大风是造成艾比湖干涸湖底风蚀的主要动力,7种地表类型中湖相沉积物、风积物、粉状盐漠的风蚀率最大,是风蚀尘暴的主要尘源;风蚀过程中颗粒的初始运动主要集中在0~10 cm高度范围内,以近地面跃移为主,风积物、湖相沉积物和粉状盐漠的输移通量最大

艾比湖干涸湖底化学组成及盐尘的风运堆积

选择亚洲中部典型干涸尾闾湖——艾比湖干涸湖底及其下风向约200km的范围为研究区,并把研究区分为干涸湖底风蚀区和盐尘扩散堆积区两个子区.通过对两子区连续多年野外实地观测、采样分析、定点试验等手段,研究了干涸湖底表层沉积物的化学组成、湖底风蚀动态和盐尘的扩散堆积规律.结果表明,艾比湖干涸湖底不同地表形态(结晶盐壳、盐-淤泥-黏土壳、风蚀堆积壳)间可溶性盐含量差异显著,盐类混合物中以硫酸盐和氯化物为主,二者基本占全部可溶性盐的90%,碳酸盐含量甚微.春秋两季是湖底风蚀和盐碱尘暴的高发期,盐分堆积动态与风期变化一致,春、秋两季大风期,降尘中盐通量最高;冬、夏两季降尘中盐通量较低.干涸湖底下风向盐尘的堆积强度以精河为中心分别向西北和东北方向递减,盐尘在风运过程中表现出显著的分异规律,硫酸盐比氯化物具有更远距离的迁移能力

汽车后桥准双曲面齿轮搅油阻力优化

以降低某汽车后桥准双曲面齿轮搅油阻力为目的，基于VOF（Volume of Fluid）两相流模型及标准k-ε湍流模型建立了汽车后桥三维数值模型，分析了后桥准双曲面齿轮搅油功率损失机理；提出了将准双曲面齿轮由螺栓连接改为去除螺栓结构并在其两侧面增加挡板以减少搅油阻力的方法。通过Fluent仿真，对改进前后汽车后桥准双曲面齿轮搅油阻力进行了分析，与经验公式进行对比并进行了试验验证。结果表明，仿真分析及试验结果有较好的一致性；经验公式与仿真结果吻合度较高但小于试验值；适当的结构改进及挡油板的加入可显著降低后桥搅油阻力；随着转速升高，阻力减少数值越大，最高减阻可达35.9%

数据租赁——数据流通的新方式

数据正成为推动社会发展的新生产要素。以合规的、可审计的方式使数据在多方之间流通对于数据价值的形成至关重要。从隐私保护以及数据利用的角度，提出了一种新的数据流通方式——数据租赁。首先介绍了提出数据租赁的动机，然后明确了数据租赁应当满足的5项需求，最后提出了一种基于秘密共享的数据租赁技术

气－固反应产生碘蒸气在COIL中的应用研究

介绍了一种新的化学式的氧碘化学激光器碘发生器,即在固定床式反应器中采用固体碘化亚铜颗粒与氯气（CuI/Cl2）进行反应的气固化学反应体系.在不增加额外供气设备的前提下,极大地缩短了出光前启动时间,并减小了对激光器设备的腐蚀.研究结果显示,CuI颗粒粒度对原料的利用率影响较大,综合考虑床层阻力的情况下1～1.25 mm是较为合适的尺度.出光实验证明,采用该体系作为碘发生器的激光器出光功率和化学效率完全可以达到相同规模的物理式碘发生器的水平

Contact transition and force tracking control with joint acceleration feedback damping

Joint acceleration feedback control of high bandwidth is employed to damp oscillations during both the contact transition and force tracking phase. In this control scheme, a classical integral force controller is refined by means of joint acceleration and velocity feedback. This is intended to achieve a stable contact transition without need for adjusting the controller parameters adaptive to the unknown or changing environments, and also to stabilize the force tracking control in the presence of abrupt disturbances during the post-contact phase. Extensive experiments are conducted on the third joint of a three-link direct-drive robot to verify the proposed scheme for various stiffness of the contacted environments, including elastic (sponge) less elastic (cardboard) and hard (steel plate) surfaces. Results are compared with experimental ones by transition control without acceleration feedback

A brief history of computer development in China

简要论述了20世纪50年代中期中国计算机事业起步以来的发展与学科建设。系统介绍了中国从早期的基于电子管第一代计算机、基于晶体管的第二代计算机、基 于中小规模集成电路的第三代计算机,到基于微处理器的第四代计算机发展过程。中国自主研发的计算机为国防和科研事业做出了重要贡献,并且推动了计算机产业 的发展。目前中国计算机在很多方向的研究上达到了世界前沿,部分计算机水平已达到国际领先。与此同时,中国计算机事业的发展呈现出多元化的趋势,与国外发 达国家同步的形成了一系列新的学科,这些学科也获得了快速的发展,很多领域在技术研发或产业化上,达到甚至超越了同期国外水平。本文重点介绍了计算机网络 、计算机安全、数据库、人工智能、中文信息处理、图形图像处理、虚拟现实和人机交互等学科的发展。The paper presents a brief introduction to China's computer development and the related subject construction from the mid-1950s. First, the paper systematically introduces the computer development history from the first generation computers using vacuum tubes to the transistor-based second generation, then to the small and medium-sized integrated circuit-based third generation, and finally to the microprocessors-based fourth generation. The domestically developed computer has made an important contribution to the national defense and scientific research, and promoted the development of computer industries. At present, many research directions of China's computer are in the forefront of the world, and some results have gained the international leading level. Meanwhile, the computer development in China presents a dynamic development trend. A series of new disciplines have been formed in China synchronously with the foreign developed countries. They are developing fast, and many of them have reached or even surpassed the international level. The paper focuses on the development of computer networks, computer security, databases, artificial intelligence, Chinese information processing, graphics & image processing, virtual reality, and human-computer interactions

Experimental investigation into contact transition control with joint acceleration feedback damping

Joint acceleration feedback control is employed to damp oscillations during the contact transition with non-zero approaching speed. A classical integral force controller is refined by means of joint acceleration and velocity feedback. This intends to achieve a stable contact transition without need of adjusting the controller parameters adaptive to the unknown or changing environments. Extensive experiments are conducted on the third joint of a three-link direct-drive robot to verify the proposed scheme for various stiffness of the contacted environments, including elastic (sponge), less elastic (hardboard) and hard (steel plate) surfaces. Results are compared with those experimental ones by the transition control with only velocity feedback damping. The advantages offered by our approach are addressed