Studies on scale insect pest of Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli in mangrove and effects of artificial disturbances on common species and pest-control of the arthropod community in Phyllostachys heterocycla

1红树林考氏白盾蚧的研究 考氏白盾蚧（Pseudaulacaspiscockerelli）是一种长期为害陆生植物的刺吸性害虫，2006年首次发现在海洋红树植物秋茄（Kandeliacandel）上寄生，并形成繁荣、稳定的种群，造成严重危害。通过野外抽样调查、室内饲养观察和生化测试，系统地研究了其为害习性、种群生殖力、存活率、死亡原因、空间分布及对寄主植物主要营养和次生物质的影响等。结果表明：①秋茄林中考氏白盾蚧的株、叶受害率极高，每叶虫口数量多集中于1～50头之间，不同潮带区垂直空间层次的虫口密度无显著差异，种群平均产卵量为52.22粒/每雌，与寄生于陆生植物含笑（Micheliafigo）...1 Studies on the scale insect pest of Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli in mangrove Scale insect, Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley) is an important insect pest infesting many kinds of plants for a long time in the land. In 2006, it was found attacking the mangrove plant of Kandelia candel (L.) Druce in the seaside in Xiamen city, and had led to badly damage. Through field surves in the selected forest...学位：博士后院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_生物学学号：BH1700008

Impact of Forest Management on Pest-Natural Enemy Interaction of Arthropod Community in Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens Forest

利用毛竹林节肢动物群落的系统调查资料,比较和分析长期垦复施肥、垦复、劈草、撂荒和化学除草5种管理措施下群落林下层和竹冠层的共有物种分布特征,以及害虫与天敌功能群的相互关系。结果表明:与撂荒林比较,其余管理措施因破坏了林下栖境而不同程度地减少了2个林层间的天敌共有物种,这些减少的共有物种多属于蜘蛛目和膜翅目天敌,从而削弱了林层间的天敌互补作用,不利于充分发挥其自然控害作用,是毛竹叶部害虫暴发的重要原因之一。因此,在各项管理措施实施时,适度保留部分林下植被,有助于竹林的丰产培育和强化群落的自然控害潜能。Based on the data obtained form field surveys, this paper mainly deals with relationships between the pest and natural enemy guilds of arthropod communities and distribution characteristic of common arthropod species between in the canopy and lower layer of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens forest managed with five different measures, including long-term cultivation and fertilization, cultivation, weed cutting, non-management and herbicides application. The result indicates that, compared to the non-management forest, the common species of natural arthropod enemy between in the two forest layer decreased to some extent because of breakage of the undergrowths disturbed by other four management measures. These missed common arthropod species are largely in the categories of Arancuda and Hymenoptera. Thus, the mutual promotion effects of the natural enemies between the lower layer and the canopy have been weakened which might decrease the pests control use of the natural enemy and favor the pests outbreaks. So we can conclude that it is helpful to enhance the potential of pest control in a way of proper reservation of some undergrowths while implement of these management measures.福建省教育厅科技项目(JA03061);; 福建省林业厅科技项

Preliminary studies on the scale insect pest of Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli in mangrove

首次发现陆生考氏白盾蚧严重为害潮间带红树植物秋茄。通过野外定位调查和室内饲养观察,研究其危害特征、种群分布、生殖力和自然死亡率。结果表明,考氏白盾蚧主要分布在秋茄叶片主脉两侧,叶背虫口数显著多于叶面(P<0.01),单叶虫口数多为1-50头,平均25.65头,最高418头;秋茄植株不同垂直空间层次的虫口密度无显著差异,但聚集度随垂直空间下降而增大;种群平均产卵量每雌52.22粒,自然死亡率69.35%,寄生蜂寄生是最主要的死亡因子,寄生率达34.23%;与几种陆生寄主植物相比,红树林考氏白盾蚧的种群密度、生殖力、叶最高虫口数均较高,该虫对潮间带生境及寄主秋茄具有适应性。The scale insect,Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli is an important pest for many kinds of plants for a long time in the land.In 2006,it was found firstly attacking the mangrove plant of Kandelia obovata in the tideland in Xiamen City,and had led to badly damages.Based on the field surveys and lab feeding,this paper dealed with its damage characteristic,population distribution,fecundity and natural mortality etc.The results showed that the scale insect mainly distributed on both sides of the midvien of K.obovata leaves,but the individual on the abaxial surface was significantly more than those on the adaxial surface(P<0.01).The individual number of one leaf mostly fluctuated from 1 to 50,and the average and tiptop numbers were 25.65 and 418,respectively.The pest population density had no remarkable discrepancies among different vertical spatial layer of K.obovata,however,its aggregating degree increased with falling of the layer.The population had an avarage fecundity of 52.22 each female and a high natural mortality of 69.53%.The main natural death factor were two species of parasites(Hymenoptera: Chalcididae),and their total parasitical ratio reached 34.23%.In the mass,the pest population density,fecundity and tiptop individual number of a leaf in the mongrove were all more than those in serval other host plants on land,which implied that this scale insect had a high adaptability to the habitat of tideland and the plant of K.obovata

嗜虫耶尔森氏菌HlyA及HasA外分泌表达系统的构建

【目的】构建一株具备外分泌蛋白功能的工程菌,解决杀虫毒素无法由胞内分泌至胞外,无法直接作用于虫体等问题,为松墨天牛防治提供新思路。【方法】本研究先测定从松墨天牛肠道及其生境中分离出的嗜虫耶尔森氏菌(CSLH88)的生长特性及抗性,进而对其进行分子改造。构建HlyA (pGHKW2)以及HasA (pGHKW4)外分泌表达载体,利用电穿孔法将其转入CSLH88菌株,获得能够表达绿色荧光蛋白的工程菌。利用稀释涂板及荧光体式镜检测技术对两个质粒进行遗传稳定性检测,并采用SDS-PAGE及Western blotting技术验证蛋白外分泌功能。【结果】CSLH88菌株培养2–4 h能够进入对数生长期,并对卡那霉素(Kan)敏感。成功构建了含有Kan抗性基因的pGHKW2(GenBank:MK562405)和pGHKW4(GenBank:MK562404)两个外分泌表达载体的CSLH88工程菌株。其中,发现pGHKW4质粒更加适合在嗜虫耶尔森氏菌中稳定遗传。SDS-PAGE及Western blotting检测结果表明HlyA系统无法在CSLH88菌株中将目的蛋白分泌到胞外,而HasA系统则可以有效地发挥外分泌表达功能。【结论】通过对HlyA及HasA两个外分泌表达系统进行研究,从中筛选出HasA型血红素转运系统作为CSLH88菌株的外分泌表达系统,为后续外分泌杀虫毒素蛋白菌株构建以及CSLH88菌株的致病性研究奠定基础。国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0600105);;\n国家自然科学基金(31601905);;\n福建省科技厅自然科学基金(2016J01097);;\n福建省科技计划项目(2018N5002);;\n福建农林大学科研基金(xjq201614);福建农林大学林学院林学高峰学科项目(71201800720,71201800753,71201800779);;\n福建省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810389102);;\n福建省林业科学研究项目[Minlinke(2017)03]~

Expression and test of the neutralization Fab antibody against infectious bursal disease virus

为表达抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IbdV)抗体fAb并检测其中和活性,本研究将抗IbdV抗体的轻链(l)和重链片段(fd)基因分别克隆于P ET-27b(+)载体中,并转化于大肠杆菌rOSETTA(dE3)进行诱导表达。将l和fd片段包涵体蛋白变性后等量混合于复性液中,制备fAb并对其进行活性鉴定。结果显示l和fd蛋白相对分子质量大小分别为25 ku和28 ku。WESTErn blOT和ElISA检测结果表明,获得的抗体fAb大小约为50 ku,并且与VP2蛋白和不同病毒株均具有特异性结合能力。体外中和试验结果表明,获得的IbdV抗体fAb具有中和活性,可以有效阻断IbdV(b87株)对鸡胚成纤维细胞(df1)的感染。本实验获得的IbdV抗体fAb有望成为治疗Ibd的候选生物制剂,为研制治疗Ibd抗体制剂奠定了基础。To express the neutralizing Fab antibody against infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV),the gene of light chain(L)or heavy chain fragment(Fd) against IBDV was cloned into the prokaryotic expression plasmid,respectively,and then the recombinant L or Fd was expressed in E.coli Rosetta(DE3),respectively,and purified through sole denaturation and co-renaturation of inclusion body.Western blot results showed that the Fab was approximately 50 ku.ELISA results showed that the Fab exhibited binding ability and specify to VP2 for different IBDV strains.The results of neutralization test in vitro showed that the Fab exhibited neutralizing activity to IBDV-B87 strainin chicken embryo fibroblast(DF1) cells.The Fab antibody prepared in this study is expected to become a candidate drug for treatment of IBD,which laid the foundation for the treatment of IBD.黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目(GC13C104

Effect of Lindane on Common Species and Diversity of Arthropod in Canopy and Understory of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens Forest

共有种反映毗邻生境节肢动物群落的相互作用程度及其潜在互作途径的多样性.通过对施用林丹烟剂后毛竹林冠层与林下层节肢动物的系统定位调查,分析和比较了林丹烟剂干扰下两个林层的节肢动物共有种及其多样性.结果表明,以未防治和白僵菌防治为对照,施用林丹烟剂显著减少了林冠和林下层的共有种及其个体数,降低了两个林层中共有种的多样性;在物种方面主要表现为蜘蛛目、膜翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目和鳞翅目共有种减少;在个体方面,林下层主要表现为蜘蛛目、膜翅目、鞘翅目和双翅目共有种个体减少,林冠层主要表现为蜘蛛目、鞘翅目和双翅目共有种个体减少.但无论在物种还是个体方面,林丹烟剂对捕食性共有种的影响均最大.进一步的灰色关联分析表明,引起共有种多样性下降的主要原因在于共有物种的减少.因此认为,林丹烟剂干扰削弱了林下和林冠层节肢动物之间的相互作用,不利于林下生境促进林冠层生物多样性和增强群落对叶部害虫自然控制作用等生态功能的发挥.图1表6参22Common species generally imply the interacting intensity and approaches in two arthropod communities in different types of abutting habitats. Based on the systematic survey in the selected bamboo forest stands of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens (Mazel) Ohwi in Sanming, Fujian during 2001-2002, the arthropod common species between the understory and canopy of the forest were disturbed by the pesticide of Lindane, and their distribution characteristics were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the number and individuals of the common species were decreased significantly in the forest under the disturbance of Lindane compared with those in the forest without any interference of pest control activities or only with the agent of Beauveria sp. The disappearing common species mainly belonged to Arancuda, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera. The common species with their individuals decreasing mainly belonged to Arancuda, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera in the understory, and Arancuda, Hymenoptera and Diptera in the canopy. Especially, the populations of predatory arthropod common species were mostly affected by the use of Lindane. Furthermore, grey correlation analysis indicated that the decrease in diversity of the common species was mainly due to the loss of common species. Therefore, it was concluded that the interaction of arthropods between the understory and canopy of the forest became weakened because of Lindane, which was unfavorable to the promotion of the understory habitat for the biodiversity in the canopy of the forest, and to the natural control of pests in the bamboo leaves. Fig 1 , Tab 6, Ref 22福建省教育厅科技项目(No.JA03061)资助~

Optimization of the ultrasonic wave extraction technology of the phycocyanin from Spirulina（Arthrospira） using response surface analysis

利用超声波破壁技术提取螺旋藻中的藻蓝蛋白,采用响应曲面法对工艺条件进行优化,模型决定系数(R2=99.95%)表明模型的拟合性好,得到的最佳工艺条件为:液料比为21 mL/g,超声波功率为640W,超声时间为14min。此条件下藻蓝蛋白的得率为10.76%,与模型预测值10.77%相近。对超声波提取法、冻融法、恒温浸提法进行比较研究,藻蓝蛋白的得率分别为10.76%、7.89%、6.57%,得知超声波提取法用时短、藻蓝蛋白得率高

Groove Erosion in Loess Plateau and the Monitoring Methods of Groove Erosion and Sediment Delivery Ratio

沟槽是径流与输沙通道和侵蚀主体,沟槽侵蚀监测对揭示水土流失规律和进行流域产沙模拟有重要意义。在对黄土高原相关研究结果分析的基础上,对沟槽侵蚀进行了初步确定。同时对与沟槽侵蚀关系密切的泥沙输移比进行了分析,并总结出沟槽侵蚀与泥沙输移比监测和估算的沟道特征监测法、坡面产沙&mdash;出口站泥沙比较法、稀土元素示踪法、坝库泥沙还原法和经验公式拟合法等方法

The Methods of Soil Erosion Research at Regional Scale

对目前常用的区域土壤侵蚀研究方法分析表明,区域尺度土壤侵蚀方法主要包括区域观测法、观测站点代表法、站点资料函数推广法和泥沙输移比转换法等4种。而区域观测法又可分为河流泥沙观测法、地貌研究法和土壤学方法;观测站点代表法包括密集站点观测法和单点资料扩展法、地理格网法和综合因子法等单元划分站点代表法等。对不同研究方法的数据特点、对机理或理论的依赖性和评价精度等的讨论表明,研究数据采集尺度越小,数据的精度就会越高,在土壤侵蚀研究时对机理等依赖性就越强;如果采集的站点和数据较多,或者对有限数据在扩展时所依据的机理把握较好,模拟的精度就越高,更能客观映区域土壤侵蚀状况