《杏仁油》国家标准的制定Formulation of national standard of apricot oil

为保证生产、储存、运输和销售过程中杏仁油的品质，规范杏仁油市场，保护消费者的合法权益，《杏仁油》国家标准的实施具有重要的意义。GB/T 41386—2022《杏仁油》将于2022年10月1日起实施。对《杏仁油》国家标准制定过程中术语和定义，杏仁油的分类、基本组成和主要物理参数、质量指标、检验方法及检验规则的确定进行了详细说明。 In order to ensure the quality of apricot oil during production, storage, transportation and sales, regulate the apricot oil market and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, the implementation of the national standard of apricot oil has great significant. The national standard of GB/T 41386-2022 Apricot oil will be implemented on October 1, 2022.In the process of formulating the national standard of apricot oil, the determination of terms and definitions, classification, composition and main physical parameters, quality indicators, inspection methods and inspection rules of apricot oil were detailed description

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease