33 research outputs found
1978~2008年中国湿地类型变化
分别基于美国陆地卫星(Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+)和中巴资源卫星(CBERS-02B)影像数据,以人工目视解译为主,完成了中国1978~2008年4期(基准年分别为1978,1990,2000和2008年)湿地遥感制图,并进行了大量的室内外验证.在此基础上,对我国湿地现状及近30年来湿地变化进行了初步分析,得到以下主要结论:(ⅰ)截止2008年,中国湿地面积约为324097km2,其中以内陆沼泽(35%)和湖泊湿地(26%)为主.(ⅱ)1978~2008年,中国湿地面积减少了约33%,而人工湿地增加了约122%.过去30年里湿地减少的速度大幅降低,由最初5523km2/a(1978~1990年)降为831km2/a(2000~2008年).(ⅲ)减少的自然湿地(包括滨海湿地和内陆湿地),其类型变化由湿地向非湿地转化的比例逐渐降低.初期(1978~1990年)几乎全部(98%)转换为非湿地;在1990~2000年间减少的自然湿地约有86%转化为非湿地,而在2000~2008年,这一比例下降为77%.(ⅳ)气候变化和农业活动是中国湿地变化的主要驱动因素,湿地变化在中国分为三大不同特征区域,即西部三省/自治区(西藏、新疆和青海)、北部两省/自治区(黑龙江和内蒙古)和其他省市区.其中西部区域尤其是青藏高原,湿地变化的驱动因子以气候增温为主;新疆湿地由于气候增温和农业活动共同作用造成变化不大.北部省/自治区的湿地变化则主要由农业活动引起;而其他省市区的湿地变化几乎完全受控于人类的农业经济活动
Study on the Electron Overflow in 264 nm AlGaN Light-Emitting Diodes
The dependence of electron overflow on injection current, operating temperature, and structure of p-type layers was investigated in 264 nm AlGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Both increasing current and decreasing temperature resulted in the increase of electron overflow due to the insufficient barrier height and the increase of electrical field in p-type layers, respectively. The use of heterostructure as p-type layer was more favorable to suppress the overflow than single layer owing to the higher barrier for electron overflow and the lower barrier for hole injection induced by the polarization field. Both simulation and experiment showed that the insert of thin i-AlN interlayer between active region and p-type layers can suppress the electron overflow effectively due to the further increase of barrier height. The optical properties of such LEDs were improved significantly and the maximum output power was increased by two orders of magnitude
In源流量与Ⅲ族流量之比对InGaN/GaN多量子阱性质的影响
利用x射线三轴晶衍射和光致发光谱研究了生长参数In源流量与Ⅲ族流量之比对InGaN/GaN多量子阱结构缺陷(如位错密度和界面粗糙度)和光致发光的影响.通过对(0002)对称和(1012)非对称联动扫描的每一个卫星峰的ω扫描,分别测量出了多量子阱的螺位错和刃位错平均密度,而界面粗糙度则由(0002)对称衍射的卫星峰半高全宽随级数的变化得出.试验发现多量子阱中的位错密度特别是刃位错密度和界面粗糙度随In源流量与Ⅲ族源流量比值的增加而增加,导致室温下光致发光性质的降低,从而也证明了刃位错在InGaN/GaN多量子阱中充当非辐射复合中心.试验同时发现此生长参数对刃位错的影响远大于对螺位错的影响
GaN生长速率的研究
采用在位监控方法研究了MOCVD系统中GaN材料的外延生长速率与NH3流量、TMGa流量、Ⅴ/Ⅲ比等生长参数的关系.GaN生长速率随NH3流量的提高先增加后减小,而随TMGa流量的增加线性的增加.在不同NH3流量的情况下,GaN生长速率随TMGa流量增加的速率不同.GaN的生长速率与Ⅴ/Ⅲ比没有直接的关系,而与NH3,TMGa等条件有关.实验结果表明,MOCVD系统中存在着较强的预反应.预反应的程度与TMGa的流量成正比
Influence of barrier height and p-cladding layer on electroluminescent performance of AlGaN deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
The electroluminescent (EL) properties of AlGaN deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) are improved by increasing the Al composition of the barriers in the active region and decreasing the thickness of the p-cladding layer, respectively. Under 1.5 A cm(-2) direct current (DC) injection, the intensity of the parasitic peak around 320 nm is 43 times more than that of the band-to-band peak at 265 nm in the LED with a lower Al-composition (55%) barrier, while the parasitic peak is suppressed efficiently in the LED with a higher Al-composition (70%) barrier. By increasing the Al composition from 55% to 70% and decreasing the thickness of the p-cladding layer from 25 to 10 nm, the light output power of the DUV LEDs improved 305 and 61 times at DC injection of 1.5 and 15 A cm(-2), respectively. The band structure and the vertical conductivity were calculated. It was found that the increase of Al composition not only enhanced the barrier height for quantum wells but also decreased the barrier for hole injection. On the other hand, the thickness decrease of p-type cladding layers to some extent resulted in the improvement of both hole concentration and vertical tunneling conductivity. All of these contributed to the improvement of the EL properties of the LEDs
一种水体环境多参数在线监测系统
本发明为一种海洋环境多参数在线监测系统。该系统安装于载体上,包括控制单元、传感器模块、数据处理单元、以及传输单元;控制单元包括进样控制模块、采集控制模块;进样控制模块与监测系统的进水阀门相连控制进水和排水,采集控制模块与数据采集器相连控制采集频率、采集开始/停止;数据处理单元包括数据采集模块与数据分析模块,数据采集模块与传感器模块连接,接受传感器模块上传感器的信号并将信号发送至数据分析模块进行分析;传输单元与数据处理单元的输出端连接,将分析后的数据进行打包处理并将数据无线传输至客户端。本发明建立以海洋定位浮标为载体的高质量的、连续的、实时的多参数监测装备,有利于建设区域性长期立体观测系统
Multi-parameter online monitoring system for water environments
本发明为一种海洋环境多参数在线监测系统。该系统安装于载体上,包括控制单元、传感器模块、数据处理单元、以及传输单元;控制单元包括进样控制模块、采集控制模块;进样控制模块与监测系统的进水阀门相连控制进水和排水,采集控制模块与数据采集器相连控制采集频率、采集开始/停止;数据处理单元包括数据采集模块与数据分析模块,数据采集模块与传感器模块连接,接受传感器模块上传感器的信号并将信号发送至数据分析模块进行分析;传输单元与数据处理单元的输出端连接,将分析后的数据进行打包处理并将数据无线传输至客户端。本发明建立以海洋定位浮标为载体的高质量的、连续的、实时的多参数监测装备,有利于建设区域性长期立体观测系统
