Subgradient integrated into particle swarm optimizer for global optimization

为优化不可微且非凸的连续目标函数,提出了结合次梯度的粒子群全局优化算法(SgPSO)。在优化算法中,首次提出利用次梯度方向来更新粒子群算法中粒子的搜索速度方案。加上与粒子相互间的通信机制配合,改进方案提高了寻得全局最优的机率。进一步地,在次梯度迭代过程中,提出其中的步长函数需要满足关于次梯度幅值是低阶无穷小且关于迭代时刻是递减的充分条件保证序列稳定收敛。最后,针对标准库给出了SgPSO的实验和比较以验证其有效性,结果表明提出的算法能很好地实现目标函数的全局优化,且收敛效果更好。This paper proposed an approach of subgradient integrated into particle swarm optimizer( SGPSO) for globally optimizing continuous objective function.In minimization,it proposed a revision for the manner of velocity update with the direction of subgradient to search for the local minima of a given non-differentiable and non-convex objective function.Thus,it combined with communications among particles,this revision would offer more chances to obtain the global minima.Furthermore,in the part of subgradient iteration,it suggested that the step function should be a lower order infinitesimal with respect to subgradient magnitude as well as be a decreasing function with respect to iteration time.In the end,experiments and comparisons of the proposed SGPSO on benchmark problems validate its performance with better effectiveness and efficiency.国家自然科学基金资助项目(61103121); 广东省自然科学基金资助项目(S2012010008881;S2013010016601

Study on organochlorine pesticide and PCBs at surface water in Xiamen Harbour

利用GC -ECD对厦门西港 1998年 7月取得的 9个站位表层水体中的 18种有机氯农药 (HCHs ,DDTs等 )和 12种多氯联苯 (PCBs)进行分析。其中有机氯农药的浓度范围 6 .6 0～ 32 .6ng/L(其中HCHs:3.5 1～ 2 7.8ng/L ,均值 8.5 7ng/L ;DDTs:0 .95～ 2 .2 5ng/L ,均值 1.45ng/L) ,多氯联苯的浓度为 0 .0 8～ 1.6 9ng/L ,同国内外其他港口海区相比较 ,其污染程度相对较低。同时 ,对有机氯污染的分析表明 ,发现近年来仍有有机氯的污染输入 ,其农药的使用主要集中在六六六和滴滴涕上 ;多氯联苯和有机氯农药在厦门西港有着相似的分布及来源特征。organochlorine pesticides and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) at the sruface water in Xiamen Harbour were determined. The range of organochlorine pesticides was 6.60～32.60 ng/L, and the PCBs concentrations were 0.08～1.69 ng/L. Compared with the results of other harbor and estuaries, it showed that the contamination for organic chlorine pollutants was more slight than those of others. At the same time, it was found that organochlorine pesticides and PCBs have the similar geological destribution and resources.福建省自然科学基金!项目 (D9810 0 0 3

Evaluation and Fate of the Organic Chlorine Pesticides at the Waters in Jiulong River Estuary

1999 0 6,对九龙江口 1 5个站位的表层水 ,1 3个站位的间隙水进行了 1 8种有机氯农药的测定结果表明 ,有机氯农药总含量在表层水中的浓度范围为 51 3～ 2 4 79ng L ;在间隙水中的浓度范围是 2 66～ 33355ng L .对不同有机氯的含量在各站位的分布特征进行了探讨 ,发现Methoxychlor(甲氧滴涕 ) ,EndosulfanSulfate(硫酸硫丹 ) ,Endrinaldehyde(乙醛异狄氏剂 )以及EndosulfanII(硫丹 ) ,Dieldrin(狄氏剂 ) ,Deta HCH和Beta HCH 7种有机氯农药在 1 8种有机氯农药中都占主要部分 ;九龙江口的六六六的含量顺序 :β >δ α >γ ;对于滴滴涕 ,表层水中的含量 :DDE DDD >DDT ;间隙水中的含量 :DDE DDT >DDD ,二者DDE的含量都在总DDTs的 50 %以上 ,说明环境中的DDTs主要降解为DDE ;九龙江口有机氯农药随着盐度梯度 ,在河口中呈去除趋势 ;且间隙水中有机氯农药比表层水中的浓度高 ,说明其倾向于吸附在沉积物颗粒上 ,其浓度差使得有机污染物可能通过再悬浮等过程从底层向上层迁移 .九龙江口的有机氯农药污染与其他港湾相比 ,污染水平相当 ,部分站位水质有机氯农药 (HCHs和DDTs)超过国家一类水质的标准 .Organochlorine Pesticides at the water(surface water and porewater) in Jiulong River Estuary were determined. The range of organochlorine pesticides at surface water was 51.3～2479ng/L, and the concentration in porewater was 266～33355ng/L. The results showed that the organochlorine pesticides were removed in the estuary and the sediments were the reservior of the organochlorine pesticides. Compared with the results of other harbor and estuaries , it showed that the contamination for organic chlorine pollutants in Jiulong River Estuary was similar to those of others. At the same time,the risk of organochlorine pesticides in the estuary was evaluated.1998年教育部重点项目、基金委资助留学人员短期回国工作讲学专项基金!项目联合资助 (4 9910 76 0 74

The trends and characteristics of organochlorines pollution in surface sediments of Xiamen Western Bay

利用GC ECD对厦门西港 1 998年 7月取得的 8个站位表层沉积物中的 1 8种有机氯农药 (HCHs,DDTs)等和 1 2种多氯联苯 (PCBs)进行分析 .其中有机氯农药的浓度范围ND(未检测出 )— 0 58ng/g(其中HCHs和DDTs的含量分别为ND—0 1 4ng/g与ND— 0 0 6ng/g) ,多氯联苯的浓度为ND— 0 32ng/g ,与 1 986、1 993年的厦门西港的分析结果相比较 ,污染程度明显降低 ;说明近年来的厦门的有机污染得到逐步控制 ,也与有机物随时间推移逐渐详解有关 ,分析表明多氯联苯和有机氯农药在厦门西港有着相似的分布特征 .The contents of 18 organochlorine pesticedes and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in suface sediments from Xiamen Western Bay were analyzed by GC\|ECD. The range of organochlorine pesticides was ND—0 58?ng/g,and the PCBs were ND—0 32?ng/g.Compared with the results of Xiamen Harbor in 1986 and 1993, it showed that the pollution of organochlorines decreased gradually along the time, in Xiamen Harbor became and the contamination was more slightly than that of other Harbors or Estuaries. At the same time, it was found that the geological distributions of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs, also the HCHs and DDTs were similar to each other, which indicated that the polltion was cansed by a same source

穿爆弹撞靶效应数值分析

利用流体弹塑性模型和欧拉算法对穿爆弹撞击有限尺度模拟靶的力学效应进行了数值分析。给出了撞靶过程中各物理量的变化，分析了靶板尺度、撞靶速度对撞靶效应的影响

公共服务水平与经济发展水平相适应机制建设的本土探索——厦门市的案例研究

本文是厦门市社会科学调研课题资助项目——“厦门建立公共服务水平与经济发展水平相适应机制的研究“课题报告(全文5万余字)的摘要。该研究报告对公共服务与经济发展二者之间的相关性及其影响程度进行理论分析与实证检验;利用“公共服务——经济发展动态均衡模型“,对“十二五“时期厦门市公共服务与经济发展的相关性做出预测;尝试构建公共服务水平与经济发展水平相适应的机制;从建设服务型政府、确立最优公共服务水平、明确公共服务合理支出以及保障公共服务有效供给等方面提出了关于厦门市公共服务水平与经济发展水平协调发展的对策思考。2011年度厦门市社会科学调研课题资助项目;厦门大学“985工程”-公共管理重点学科;厦门大学“211工程”三期-“公共政策与政府治理”建设项

猪圆环病毒2型抗体免疫金标检测试纸的研制

应用酶联免疫原理和胶体金层析技术,采用特殊的生产工艺,在玻璃纤维膜包被胶体金标记PCV-2抗原,在硝酸纤维素膜上检测线和对照线处分别包被PCV-2抗原和兔抗PCV-2抗体,制成猪圆环病毒2型抗体免疫金标检测试纸。当待检样品阳性时,在检测线处形成抗原抗体的免疫复合物而凝聚显色;当待检样品阴性时,检测线处不形成抗原抗体免疫复合物不显色。整个试验过程只需15min。试纸与ELISA试剂比较,两者都具有微量、特异、准确的优点,且金标试纸独具操作方便、快速和结果直观、容易判定的优点

重振雄风——卧龙圈养大熊猫的“性教育”

一、阴盛阳衰——圈养雄性大熊猫繁殖力极为低下自从1963年世界上第一只人工繁殖的大熊猫诞生以来,圈养大熊猫的人工繁殖一直面临着三大难关：配种难、育幼难和受孕难。一直以来有繁殖能力的雄性大熊猫低于雌性。人工饲养的大熊猫有80%以上的雄体丧失了交配能力

Characteristics of N ∶ P stoichiometry and the adaptation strategies for different coastal wetland communities in the Yellow Ｒiver Delta

选取黄河三角洲滨海湿地盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)和柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)3种典型植物群落为研究对象,研究了土壤-植物N、P元素的空间分布格局及N/P化学计量学特征。结果表明:盐地碱蓬地上部分N含量,地下部分N、P含量均小于芦苇和柽柳群落,柽柳地上部分P含量、N/P值均大于芦苇和盐地碱蓬群落。3种典型湿地群落N含量均呈现出地上部分大于地下部分的规律,说明植物会将有限的氮资源优先分配给地上部分光合器官;盐地碱蓬与柽柳地上和地下部分磷含量变化趋势相反,这种差异说明处在不同群落演替阶段的植物生活史策略不同。与木本植物柽柳不..