Research on acoustic characteristics and acoustical culture for large yellow croaker

大黄鱼是我国特有的优质、高值经济鱼类，是目前中国网箱养殖的主要鱼类之一。近年来，随着海洋运输、港口建设、水下爆破工程作业等日益频繁，浅海网箱养殖环境日益恶化，大黄鱼养殖出现死亡率高、生长缓慢、成熟个体小型化、抗逆性差的种质退化现象，严重制约了大黄鱼养殖业的健康发展。本课题拟从鱼类声学角度出发，深入分析大黄鱼的声学特性，探索在开放海域中开展大黄鱼声学驯养的方法，有效改善大黄鱼种群质量，为大黄鱼养殖提供一种更加健康、高效和安全的生产模式。 研究主要内容： 1、采用水下光学、声学相结合的监测手段，应用短时傅立叶变换、连续小波变换等时频联合分析的信号处理方法提取大黄鱼发声信号参数，研究不同成长阶段...Large yellow croaker is a kind of high-quality, high-value fish, and is one of the major cage-cultured fish in China. In recent years, with the rapid development of the marine transportation, port construction and underwater engineering, the cage-cultured environment in shallow sea is increasing deterioration. As a result, The genetical characterization decline of cage-cultured large yellow croake...学位：博士后院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号：201017005

Study on Acoustic Scattering Characteristics of Fish and Monitor System for Bred Fish in Offshore Fish Cage

深水网箱养殖因其抗风浪、耐海流能力强、养殖容量大、高产高效、环保等优点成为目前国内外海洋水产养殖业可持续发展的必然趋势。然而，与传统网箱养殖比较，深水网箱养殖由于网箱所处水域深、鱼群活动空间大，肉眼不容易观察到网箱内鱼群的活动及网衣安全状态，一旦发生逃鱼，经济损失巨大。因此，如何对网衣安全、网箱内鱼群生长情况、鱼群量变化进行日常监测，当发现网衣破损、鱼群逃逸等异常状况时及时报警是深水网箱养殖推广过程中急需解决的一项关键技术。本文针对深水网箱养殖中急需解决的鱼群安全问题，开展了鱼类声学散射特性和鱼群量估计算法研究，设计并实现了一套深水网箱鱼群状态远程、实时声学监测系统。 论文主要内容： 1、...For its advantages of strong resistance to wind waves and tidal current, large breeding capacity, high efficiency and environmental protection, fish culturing in offshore fish cage becomes the developing trend of sustainable marine aquaculture industry at home and abroad. However, compared with the traditional fish culturing, it is difficult to observe fish school activity and the status of net cl...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋物理学号：2242007015357

Remote monitoring system for offshore fish cage based on underwater acoustic multi-beam technique

针对离岸深水网箱养殖的鱼群安全问题,提出了一种基于水声多波束技术的鱼群状态监测新方法。该方法采用环形水声多波束阵在深水网箱中进行分区探测,结合多路声信号处理技术、数据无线传输技术和虚拟仪器技术,实现了深水网箱中鱼群状态的远程、实时监测。与传统电机旋转扫描方法比较,该方法结构简单、功耗小,探测速度快,完成一次全网箱探测只需4 S;采用回波能量积分算法估计鱼群量,偏差值小于25%。监测仪样机在海上易于安置、操作方便;在福建泉州围头海域深水网箱养殖现场不同的海况条件测试中性能稳定、可靠。Aiming at the safe problem of fish shoal in offshore fish cage,a monitoring method based on underwater acoustic multi-beam technique is introduced.The method employs an annular multi-beam array to detect the fish cage in division cage scanning mode,which integrates with the techniques of multi-path signal processing,wireless data communication and virtual instrument,and can implement the remote real-time monitoring of the offshore fish cage.Compared with traditional method of motor rotating cage scanning mode,the method simplifies the system structure,diminishes power dissipation and accelerates scanning speed.It takes only 4s to accomplish an entire cage scanning.By using the algorithm of energy integral,the deviation of the fish amount estimation is less than 25%.The prototype is easy to install and operate.Test results in the pool and in the field of Weitou harbor,Quan-zhou of Fujian show that the system has good performance under different environment conditions.国家自然科学基金(40776022);福建省科技重点项目(2006N0042)资

Design of Auto Gain Control Circuit with Two-stage Amplification Feedback

设计了一种适用于移动水声通信接收系统的两级放大反馈自动增益控制电路。该电路采用初级放大—滤波—次级放大的信号调理机制,反馈回路同时对两级放大电路进行增益控制,使输出信号稳定在期望值附近,能有效解决移动水声通信中由于收发端相对距离变化、声传播衰减、信道频率选择性衰落、收发端电路频率响应不均匀等因素引起的接收信号时域和频域起伏变化大的问题。海上试验表明:该电路具有良好的幅度均衡性能,能显著提高水声通信质量。An auto gain control(AGC) circuit with two-stage amplification feedback for the receivers of underwater acoustic mobile communication system was presented.The circuit uses the conditioning mechanism of primary amplification—filter—secondary amplification,and the feedback loop controls gains of the two stages amplifiers,making the output signal be stable near the dexpectations so as to effectively solve the problem of signal fluctuation in the time and frequency domains caused by the distance change between transmitter and receiver,sound propagation attenuation,frequency selective fading of underwater acoustics channel and the uneven frequency response of transmitting and receiving circuit.The sea test shows that the circuit has a good performance at amplitude equalization,and can greatly improve the quality of underwater acoustic communication.国家自然科学基金项目(41376040);; 福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JA15001);; 国家海洋局海洋公益项目(201505027-2

Environment Security Monitoring System for Offshore Caged Fish and Water Quality

为了更好地开展渔业养殖中深水网箱中鱼群状态与水质环境的安全监测,提出了一种深水网箱鱼群与水质环境安全远程监测系统.该系统使用声学方式对鱼群分布状况进行监测;同时采用传感器对水质环境的温度、溶解氧、p H值等进行监测,监测结果通过无线数据传输方式实时传送至微处理器,完成信号去噪、数据提取、显示及报警等.实验结果表明,该监测系统性能稳定可靠,结合嵌入式控制技术与无线数据传输技术,监测操作简便,移动性好;同时兼顾鱼群与水质环境安全,监测更全面到位,在推广深水网箱养殖安全配套设施上具有良好的应用前景.Environment monitoring of fish activity state and water quality is the key to offshore cage safety management.A remote monitoring system for offshore caged fish and water quality is developed in the research.The fish distribution and abundance are monitored strategically using acoustic transducers in the system.Meanwhile,some parameters of water quality are obtained using various sensors,such as temperature sensor,dissolved oxygen sensor and p H sensor. Then the collected data are sent to the user monitor terminal in real time through wireless transmission module.Finally,the results are displayed on a 7-inch liquid crystal display screen( LCD) after data processing. The experiment has been conducted to verify the excellent performance of this system.Combined with embedded control technology and wireless data transmission technology,the flexibility and mobility are improved significantly. Besides,both fish activity and water quality are taken into account,making the monitoring more comprehensive.The results suggest that the system has good application prospects.国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项(201505027-2

Centralized Remote Monitoring System for Bred Fish in offshore Aquaculture Cage

为克服离岸深水网箱群养殖水域环境和鱼群安全日常监测不便的问题,提出了一种集中式深水网箱群鱼群状态远程监测系统。采用水声多波束探测技术、多路信号处理技术设计了远程探测节点,用于扫描各深水网箱内部空间;采用虚拟仪器技术设计了本地监控中心,便于用户集中控制远程探测节点、查看网箱探测结果;采用gPrS无线数据传输技术构建了远程、实时的指令和数据传送通道。监测系统样机在福建省泉州市围头深水网箱养殖现场进行测试,结果表明:系统设计合理,操作方便,性能稳定、可靠,能够准确及时地反馈养殖环境变化情况和网箱鱼群状态,减轻养殖工作量。In order to monitor the aquatic environment and fish state in offshore aquaculture cage farm daily,a centralized remote monitoring system for bred fish was developed.The system was composed of remote detecting node(RDN) and local monitor and control center(LMCC).RDN based on the techniques of multi-beam detection and multi-path signal process was placed in the center of a cage to scan the inner cage and measure the aquatic environment.LMCC based on LabVIEW was placed in the office to manage all the remote detecting nodes remotely and show fish state.The communication between LMCC and RDN depended on GPRS wireless data transmission technology.The system prototype was tested in the field of offshore aquaculture cage farm in Quanzhou,Fujian province.The results show that the system is reasonable design,simple operation,easy placement,and robust under different environmental conditions.It can real-time monitor the aquatic environment and fish activity remotely,provide users with a variety of information such as fish amount,fish growth in the offshore fish cage,and give an alarm in the time when net clothing damage or fish escape.国家自然科学基金资助项目(41176032);中国博士后科学基金第五十批面上资助项目(2011M501082

Preparation and Properties of MnO_2 /polyaniline Composite

以δ-MnO2为前驱体,通过酸处理后引入苯胺并聚合,得到了MnO2/聚苯胺复合材料。经XRD分析表明,在本研究条件下,经酸处理后的δ-MnO2晶型由δ型转变为α型,而在随后的苯胺引入及其聚合步骤中MnO2晶型均不再改变。以200mA·g-1的电流进行恒电流充放电性能测试,结果显示,MnO2/聚苯胺复合材料的充放电容量达到160.2mA·g-1,与酸处理后得到的α-MnO2接近(160.9mA·g-1),但比前驱体δ-MnO2高(125.8mA·g-1);更为重要的是,MnO2/聚苯胺复合材料与前驱体及酸处理得到的样品相比,其循环性能得到了较大的提高。MnO2 /polyaniline composite was prepared by polymerization of aniline in α-MnO2 from the acid-treating precursor of δ-MnO2. XRD results showed that during acid treatment the precursor of δ-MnO2 was transformed into α-MnO2, and this in α-MnO2 polymorph kept unchanged in the subsequent processes, as intercalation and polymerization of aniline. Comparison of charge-discharge performances among the precursor, its acid-treated form and the final composite, showed that at current density of 200 mA·g-1 the discharge capacity of the composite was 160.2 mA·g-1, which is close to that of the acid-treated material (160.9 mA·g-1) but higher than that of the precursor (125.8 mA·g-1). More important, the MnO2 /polyaniline composite showed a much better cyclic performance than the precursor and its acid-treated form.福建省高新技术重点项目(No2005H071);; 三明市重点科技项目(No2005-G-9

电荷放大器对压电式水声换能器测量的影响分析

为考察电荷放大器对压电式水声换能器测量的影响,通过电荷放大器转换后采集和数据采集卡直接采集的水声声压信号实测实验数据的比对分析,表明受水声换能器线缆的分布电容较大和数据采集卡输入阻抗相对较小等因素影响,数据采集卡直接采集压电式水声换能器信号会对信号的幅值和相位产生影响,且在低频段影响较大,进而给出在各类常见海洋水声应用中的考虑因素和使用建议。中国国家自然科学基金(NO:41676024和41376040);;国家海洋局公共科技研究基金(NO:201505027-2

Constraint of a ruthenium-carbon triple bond to a five-membered ring

含过渡金属碳三键(M≡C)的金属卡拜化合物是许多有机反应的催化剂或关键中间体。对其合成及性质的研究是金属有机化学的热点之一。由于卡拜碳的sp杂化方式，大部分金属卡拜化合物均为链状结构（卡拜碳键角理想值为180 °），环内金属卡拜化合物因存在很大的环张力而难于合成。夏海平教授课题组发展了由链状多炔（称之为碳龙）构筑碳龙配合物的高效方法（Nature Communications, 2017, 8, 1912），实现了锇杂戊搭炔/烯及其衍生物的一锅法合成。现在，他们把该方法进一步拓展到了第二过渡系金属钌，通过碳龙与市售的RuCl2(PPh3)3反应一锅合成了钌杂戊搭炔I。本研究是碳龙化学的进一步延伸和发展，首次把碳龙化学的金属中心由锇拓展到了其它金属，展示了碳龙化学广阔的发展空间。该研究工作在夏海平教授指导下完成，能源材料化学协同创新中心（iChEM）博士后卓庆德和张弘副教授为共同第一作者。iChEM博士后周小茜、博士生陈志昕、林剑锋、卓凯玥、硕士康慧君、林鑫磊参与了部分实验工作。博士生华煜晖负责理论计算。【Abstract】The incorporation of a metal-carbon triple bond into a ring system is challenging because of the linear nature of triple bonds. To date, the synthesis of these complexes has been limited to those containing third-row transition metal centers, namely, osmium and rhenium. We report the synthesis and full characterization of the first cyclic metal carbyne complex with a second-row transition metal center, ruthenapentalyne. It shows a bond angle of 130.2(3)° around the sp-hybridized carbyne carbon, which represents the recorded smallest angle of second-row transition metal carbyne complexes, as it deviates nearly 50° from the original angle (180°). Density functional theory calculations suggest that the inherent aromatic nature of these metallacycles with bent Ru≡C–C moieties enhances their stability. Reactivity studies showed striking observations, such as ambiphilic reactivity, a metal-carbon triple bond shift, and a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with alkyne and cascade cyclization reactions with ambident nucleophiles.This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 21490573,21332002, and 21561162001). 研究工作得到国家自然科学基金项目（21490573、21332002 和21561162001）和国家重点研发计划（2017YFA0204902）的资助

Preparation and properties of MnO2/polyaniline composite

MnO2/polyaniline composite was prepared by polymerization of aniline in alpha-MnO2 from the acid-treating precursor of delta-MnO2. XRD results showed that during acid treatment the precursor of delta-MnO2 was transformed into alpha-MnO2, and this in alpha-MnO2 polymorph kept unchanged in the subsequent processes, as intercalation and polymerization of aniline. Comparison of charge-discharge performances among the precursor, its acid-treated form and the final composite, showed that at current density of 200 mA . g(-1) the discharge capacity of the composite was 160.2 mA.g(-1), which is close to that of the acid-treated material (160.9 mA . g(-1)) but higher than that of the precursor (125.8 mA . g(-1)). More important, the MnO2/polyaniline composite showed a much better cyclic performance than the precursor and its acid-treated form