Flame Characteristics and Burning Rate of Typical Solid Fuel Under Reduced Gravity

利用实验时间为2.2 s，低重力水平为l0-2 90简易实验系统，对易升华典型固体燃料试样从常重力到低重力环境过渡的瞬态燃烧过程进行了实验研究，考察了火焰形态、火焰亮度和温度以及燃料试样燃烧速率受重力水平影响的变化趋势，结果表明，随着重力水平的变化，火焰从常重力环境中的湍流扩散火焰，过渡为低重力环境中的层流火焰，火焰高度、亮度和温度以及燃烧速率都随重力水平的下降而降低．由于进入低重力状态后，常重力燃烧诱导的空气流动并没有完全消失，观察到了逆风侧火焰温度、火焰平均亮度，以及燃烧速率因气流作用而回升的现象，这种现象会使低重力环境中的火灾复杂性和危害性增强

Bacterial community and its relation to environmental variables in a subtropical stratified reservoir for drinking water supply in autumn

水库在我国东南沿海地区是重要的饮用水水源地,对地区经济发展和社会稳定起到重要作用。选择亚热带地区典型的热分层水库——福建莆田东圳水库,于2011年秋季稳定分层期,以水体温度的垂直变化特征为依据进行分层采样。应用PCrdggE和克隆测序的方法研究浮游细菌群落的垂直分布特征,利用多元统计分析揭示细菌群落与热分层水体理化指标之间的关系。结果显示:溶解氧、电导率、叶绿素A、总氮、氨氮及硝氮在上下层水体中的分布有显著差异,下层缺氧区细菌的SHAnnOnWIEnEr指数和dggE条带数明显高于上层好氧区,表明东圳水库热分层水体中存在明显的物理、化学及生物分层现象。测序结果表明β-变形菌可能是东圳水库中占优势的细菌类群,统计结果提示溶解氧是显著影响细菌群落组成的环境因子。热分层水体的物理化学分层与水体细菌群落结构密切相关,提示水库生态学研究应对水体热分层给予重视。Fujian reservoirs in southeast China are important water resources for economic and social sustainable development,although few have been studied previously.Dongzhen Reservoir,a typical subtropical stratified reservoir in Fujian,was chosen for investigation of bacterial distribution,composition and diversity in autumn 2011.As the only built large reservoir in Putian City,it plays an important role in irrigation,flood control,hydroelectric power,and water supply.Dongzhen Reservoir shows an obvious phenomenon of water thermal stratification during summer and autumn,thus creates a unique gradient of environmental variables along the water column.We investigated the bacterial community and its relation to environmental variables in this study for a better understanding of vertical distribution of bacterial community and theprimary environmental drivers in a stratified reservoir.Five water samples were collected from five different depths according to the vertical changes of temperature.Both PCR-DGGE and sequencing were used to investigate the bacterial community and diversity.Moreover,physical and chemical parameters were measured according to the national standard methods.Multivariate statistical techniques were used to examine the relationship between bacterial community and environmental variables.Principal component analysis( PCA) clearly showed that water temperature,dissolved oxygen( DO),chlorophyll a( Chl a),total nitrogen( TN),ammonia nitrogen( NH4-N),nitrite / nitrate nitrogen( NOx-N) and electric conductivity of the upper aerobic zone were differed from those of the deeper anoxic zone.Both the number of DGGE bands and the Shannon-Wiener index of the deeper anoxic zone were higher than those of the upper aerobic zone.Further,two groups were distinguished by the cluster analysis of bacterial communities based on the Bray-Curtis similarity.Thus,Dongzhen Reservoir presented an obviously physical,chemical,and biological stratified phenomenon.Seven bands that common to all sampling depths were extracted and sequenced,and among which four were identified as Betaproteobacteria,indicating that Betaproteobacteria were the most dominant taxa in Dongzhen Reservoir in autumn.Bacterial community composition and diversity differed greatly among different sampling depths,and these differences were closely related to the physical and chemical stratification of the water body.Redundancy analysis( RDA) demonstrated DO was the significant environmental variable that shaping the bacterial community and diversity( P < 0.01).Therefore,we should pay more attention to DO and thermal stratification of reservoirs for sustainable reservoir management.国家重大科学研究计划(2012CB956103); 中国科学院知识创新工程方向项目(KZCX2-YW-QN401); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(31172114); 福建省杰出青年科学基金项目(2012J06009

一种水泥分解炉煤粉高效气化低氮燃烧技术装置

【中文】本实用新型实施例涉及一种水泥分解炉煤粉高效气化低氮燃烧技术装置，所述装置包括：分解炉，所述分解炉侧壁上部设置至少一个物料入口，以及至少一个第一还原气体入口；所述分解炉侧壁下部设置至少一个第二还原气体入口，以及至少一个高温气体入口；还原气体输送管道，包括至少一个连通至所述第一还原气体入口的第一支路管道，以及至少一个连通至所述第二还原气体入口的第二支路管道；高温气体输送管道,包括至少一个连通至所述高温气体入口的第三支路管道。 【EN】The embodiment of the utility model provides a low nitrogen combustion technology device of cement dore furnace buggy high-efficient gasification is related to, the device includes: the upper part of the side wall of the decomposition furnace is provided with at least one material inlet and at least one first reducing gas inlet; at least one second reducing gas inlet and at least one high-temperature gas inlet are formed in the lower portion of the side wall of the decomposing furnace; a reducing gas delivery duct comprising at least one first branch duct communicating to the first reducing gas inlet, and at least one second branch duct communicating to the second reducing gas inlet; and the high-temperature gas conveying pipeline comprises at least one third branch pipeline communicated to the high-temperature gas inlet

水泥分解炉冷态流动特性的数值模拟研究

选取吉林某3200 t/d新型干法水泥生产线作为研究对象,根据水泥生产线中分解炉设备的实际运行监测数据,使用Ansys-Fluent软件进行仿真数值模拟,分析不同的三次风速以及烟气流速对分解炉炉体内部流场的影响,得到了分解炉内部流场的运动规律,模拟结果与生产线中分解炉的实际运行数据具有良好的相符程度。实验分别设定2组不同的三次风速以及烟气流速,三次风速分别设定为25、30、35 m/s,烟气流速分别设定为30、35、40 m/s,结果发现:烟气流速必须与三次风速匹配,三次风速应与烟气流速具有约5 m/s的差值,建议三次风速设定值在25～30 m/s,烟气流速设定值在30～35 m/s

一种水泥分解炉煤粉高效气化低氮燃烧技术装置

本发明实施例涉及一种水泥分解炉煤粉高效气化低氮燃烧技术装置,所述装置包括：分解炉,所述分解炉侧壁上部设置至少一个物料入口,以及至少一个第一还原气体入口；所述分解炉侧壁下部设置至少一个第二还原气体入口,以及至少一个高温气体入口；还原气体输送管道,包括至少一个连通至所述第一还原气体入口的第一支路管道,以及至少一个连通至所述第二还原气体入口的第二支路管道；高温气体输送管道,包括至少一个连通至所述高温气体入口的第三支路管道