Lesions to the Orbitofrontal Cortex Produce the Novelty-Seeking Behavior Deficits in Rats

利用旷场测试和y-迷宫测试两种行为模型检测了双侧眶额叶(OrbITOfrOnTAl COrTEX,OfC)电损伤或假损伤雄性Sd大鼠的新异性探索行为,探讨了OfC在大鼠探索新异环境中的作用。旷场测试的结果发现,OfC损伤大鼠的行走距离和直立次数较假损组有明显降低;同时,在y-迷宫测试中与假损伤组大鼠相比,OfC损伤大鼠在新异臂的访问时间和穿梭次数明显降低。提示眶额叶皮质在大鼠新异性探索行为中起着重要作用。We examined the role of the orbitofrontal cortex (ofC) on exploration of the novel environment using theopen-field and Y-maze behavioral paradigms to assess the novelty-seeking behavior of the male Sprague-Dawley ratsafter receiving bilateral electrolytic lesions of the ofC or sham lesions .In the open-field task, the rats with ofC lesionsexhibited reduced average ambulation distance and average rearing number when compared with the animals with shamlesions.Moreover, rats with ofC lesions showed less duration of visits and number of entries in the novel arm in theY-maze task than the control animals.The current findings suggest that the ofC plays an important role on thenovelty-seeking behavior in rats.国家自然科学基金项目(30470553和30770700);CASC项目(KSCX1-YW-R-33;YZ200737

拓扑差异物体的构型处理:一项脑电研究

根据陈霖的拓扑知觉理论,在视觉感知中,拓扑差异的检测要快于局部特征的检测.本研究组认为,这一现象可能是对有“洞“图形和无“洞“图形的感知差异所造成的.本文旨在检验这两类图形所存在的知觉差异究竟是什么.利用脑电(ErP)技术,测量“洞“和“非洞“图形所引起的视觉诱发电位(VEP),探究“洞“和“非洞“的区别.两类图形引起的VEP区别体现在n170上,“洞“图形的反转使得n170的潜伏期显著变化,而“非洞“图形的反转不会引起n170潜伏期的变化.人脸与非人脸物体的反转引起的n170变化与本结果相似.本研究认为,对“洞“的感知更偏向于整体加工,而对于“非洞“则更偏向于特征加工.国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2005CB522800);国家高技术研究发展计划(批准号:2006AA01Z129);云南大学校级科研经费(批准号:KL080012)资助项

Differential cognitive responses to guqin music and piano music in Chinese subjects: an event-related potential study

目的研究古琴(一种古老的中国乐器)和钢琴音乐对认知的影响。方法记录和分析了中国被试在两种音乐背景(古琴音乐,钢琴音乐)下完成听觉oddball任务的行为和事件相关电位(event-related potential,ERP)数据。结果中国被试在本土文化的音乐环境(古琴音乐)下,前额区诱导出更大的P300,这一结果和已有的相关研究是相符的。同时,不同音乐背景对ERP产生的影响在N1和LPC(包括P300和P500)上也表现出差别:中国被试在古琴音乐背景下比钢琴音乐背景下表现出更多的右前侧颞叶的参与。结论因为古琴音乐的五声调式和汉语发音的音调具有对应关系,因此我们推断在古琴音乐下所表现出的这种特性与被试的汉语环境有关。Objective To compare the cognitive effects of guqin (the oldest Chinese instrument) music and piano music. Methods Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data in a standard two-stimulus auditory oddball task were recorded and analyzed. Results This study replicated the previous results of culture-familiar music effect on Chinese subjects: the greater P300 amplitude in frontal areas in a culture-familiar music environment. At the same time, the difference between guqin music and piano music was observed in N1 and later positive complex (LPC: including P300 and P500): a relatively higher participation of right anterior-temporal areas in Chinese subjects. Conclusion The results suggest that the special features of ERP responses to guqin music are the outcome of Chinese tonal language environments given the similarity between Guqin’s tones and Mandarin lexical tones

一种基于多叉树的设备状态区分及数据压缩方法

本发明涉及一种基于多叉树的设备状态区分及数据压缩方法，该方法包括：(1)将电气设备数据分为三类工作状态：停机状态，待机状态，运行状态；(2)识别、记录所有标准工况，并进行多叉树排列；(3)根据电气设备工作状态和工况情况，对时序电气设备数据进行压缩存储。通过本方法可以清晰的反映出电气设备的整体运行情况，同时由于引入标准工况的多叉树排列，能快速准确的对应标准工况，为电气设备的快速存储与读取带来便利，同时按照标准工况对时序数据进行压缩，减小了存储压力

Genetic admixture accelerates invasion via provisioning rapid adaptive evolution

互花米草，一种原产于北美东海岸的海滩植物。它天性耐盐耐淹、抗风浪，种子及无性分株可随海浪传播。由于互花米草茎干密集粗壮、地下根茎发达，能够促进泥沙的快速沉降和淤积。1979年，我国从美国的北卡罗来纳、佐治亚和佛罗里达分别引进了高、中、低三个生态型的互花米草，用于保滩护堤、促淤造陆。试种成功后，它们被引种至福建省的罗源湾，之后又陆续推广至其他沿海省份，为抵御台风、保滩护岸起到了一定作用。然而，引种的互花米草在各地迅速繁殖扩张成为入侵物种，威胁当地海岸生态系统、影响湿地滩涂养殖、阻塞船道等，带来了巨大的经济损失。 2014年起，我校环境与生态学院李庆顺教授、张宜辉教授和张原野助理教授的三支科研团队开展联合攻关，力图从分子遗传学、生态学、进化生物学等多学科角度，在互花米草的DNA序列中寻找其扩散的“秘密”。五年多来，研究团队采用DNA指纹技术，对来自入侵地中国沿海七个省份的10个区域及原产地北美12个州的15个区域的250个样本进行了分析。最终发现，这些入侵地植株全部是最初从美国引进的三个生态型的杂交后代，具有显著的杂种优势。这也意味着，互花米草的引种和扩散发生在杂交后。 通过进一步测量以上25个区域来源的植株性状，研究团队发现，三个基因型间的杂交还通过整合两种不同的生长能力即纵向生长能力和横向扩张能力，从而产生了超强的基因型，正是这种新的超强基因型因具有生长和繁殖的优势而被自然选择保留，成为互花米草恶性入侵的主要驱动力。 科研团队的这一项研究发现了恶性入侵植物互花米草侵占我国滨海湿地的遗传进化机制，有利于帮助人们进一步了解互花米草扩散的原因，为从源头上治理互花米草蔓延提供了方向和思路。Genetic admixture, the intraspecific hybridization among divergent introduced sources, can immediately facilitate colonization via hybrid vigor and profoundly enhance invasion via contributing novel genetic variation to adaption. As hybrid vigor is short-lived, provisioning adaptation is anticipated to be the dominant and long-term profit of genetic admixture, but the evidence for this is rare. We employed the 30 years’ geographic-scale invasion of the salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora, as an evolutionary experiment and evaluated the consequences of genetic admixture by combining the reciprocal transplant experiment with quantitative and population genetic surveys. Consistent with the documentation, we found that the invasive populations in China had multiple origins from the southern Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico in the US. Interbreeding among these multiple sources generated a “hybrid swarm” that spread throughout the coast of China. In the northern and mid-latitude China, natural selection greatly enhanced fecundity, plant height and shoot regeneration compared to the native populations. Furthermore, genetic admixture appeared to have broken the negative correlation between plant height and shoot regeneration, which was genetically-based in the native range, and have facilitated the evolution of super competitive genotypes in the invasive range. In contrast to the evolved northern and mid-latitude populations, the southern invasive populations showed slight increase of plant height and shoot regeneration compared to the native populations, possibly reflecting the heterotic effect of the intraspecific hybridization. Therefore, our study suggests a critical role of genetic admixture in accelerating the geographic invasion via provisioning rapid adaptive evolution.This research was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0506102 to Y-H.Z. and Q.Q.L.), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 20720150097 to Y-H.Z.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41276078 to Y-H.Z. and No. 31600291 to Y-Y. Z.), and the Extramural Collaborative Program of the Fujian Province China (Grant No. 2016I0013 to Q.Q.L.)

多种环境条件下的亲本效应均惠及后代：基于动植物数据的元分析研究

在生物界，当上代生存环境恶劣时，是否一定会带给后代一个消极、负面的影响?环境与生态学院李庆顺教授课题组就此展开了大数据元分析研究，综合分析了从上世纪90年代至今的大量相关研究数据,从关键词索引得到的1000余篇论文中，筛选出139篇研究论文，这些论文涉及112个物种，包括不同的亲代环境处理、不同的子世代等。结果发现，对那些世代周期短、活动能力受限的一年生植物和无脊椎动物（如昆虫），无论上一代经历的是优质环境还是恶劣环境，这些经历总能使子代受益。但是，对于脊椎动物如老鼠和人等，只有上代经历优质环境才能使其子代受益。这一“源头”上的机制发现或为今后快速改良农作物，使其更有效应对干旱、升温、虫害等不良影响提供一种思路和方向。The adaptive value of transgenerational effects (the ancestor environmental effects on offspring) in changing environments has received much attention in recent years, but the related empirical evidence remains equivocal. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis summarising 139 experimental studies in plants and animals with 1170 effect sizes to investigate the generality of transgenerational effects across taxa, traits, and environmental contexts. It was found that transgenerational effects generally enhanced offspring performance in response to both stressful and benign conditions. The strongest effects are in annual plants and invertebrates, whereas vertebrates appear to benefit mostly under benign conditions, and perennial plants show hardly any transgenerational responses at all. These differences among taxonomic/life‐history groups possibly reflect that vertebrates can avoid stressful conditions through their mobility, and longer‐lived plants have alternative strategies. In addition to environmental contexts and taxonomic/life‐history groups, transgenerational effects also varied among traits and developmental stages of ancestors and offspring, but the effects were similarly strong across three generations of offspring. By way of a more comprehensive data set and a different effect size, our results differ from those of a recent meta‐analysis, suggesting that transgenerational effects are widespread, strong and persistent and can substantially impact the responses of plants and animals to changing environments.This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 31600291 to Y‐YZ) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China (grant No. 20720170074 to Y‐YZ)