MIL-53(Fe)@RGO as anode materials for lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries

锂离子电池和钠离子电池具有很大的应用前景，但其常见的三类负极材料存在一些问题限制了他们的进一步发展。常见的嵌入型材料通常容量较低、合金化材料体积变化严重和稳定性差、转化型材料存在大的体积变化和电势滞后，采用纳米化、碳材料复合等方法无法从本质上解决这些问题，因此开发新的负极材料具有重要意义。金属有机框架（MOFs）材料是由金属离子和有机配体配位形成的具有三维结构的多孔材料，具有丰富的结构，其结构有利于离子的快速传输，并且其金属中心离子和有机配体均有可能作为储锂（钠）的位点，因此有望成为新的锂（钠）离子电池负极材料。在本文中，我们选择了由铁离子和对苯二甲酸构筑的MOFs材料MIL-53(Fe)作为...Lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries have attracted many researchers’ attention. However, there are some problems for the three main kinds of anode materials, which limit their application. The capacity of insertion materials is usually low. And large volume change of alloying materials leads to low cycle stability and short lives. As for conversion materials, potential hysteresis is an ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院_物理化学学号：2052014115161

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Novel Expanded Graphite Oxide/Sulfur Composite Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

以棒状石墨为原料,采用改良的HuMMErS法与热处理制备得到膨胀氧化石墨(E-gO),利用在酸性水溶液中归中化学反应的方法合成纳米尺寸的硫颗粒,使其嵌入到膨胀氧化石墨的内部,制备了膨胀氧化石墨-硫复合材料。采用红外光谱,X-射线光电子能谱表征了膨胀氧化石墨表面官能团的存在和种类;X-射线衍射分析结果表明生成的硫属于斜方晶结构;扫描电子显微镜和透射电镜分析证明了材料中硫的均匀分布。恒电流充放电结果表明该复合正极材料的首次放电容量为1 020 MAH.g-1,100周循环之后其容量还保持在650 MAH.g-1左右;材料的倍率性能和库伦效率优异,这可能得益于小尺寸的硫在材料中均匀分布,以及表面官能团对硫的固定化作用。The expanded graphite oxides were prepared by modified Hummers method.The expanded graphite oxide/sulfur(E-GO/S) composites have been successfully prepared by a new chemical reaction method based on comproportionation in the acidic aqueous solution.FT-IR,XPS were characterized the existence of functional groups on the surface of expanded graphite oxide.XRD results showed that the as-prepared sulfur belongs to orthorhombic system.SEM and TEM results indicated the uniform distribution of the sulfur in the composite.The electrochemical test showed that the expanded graphite oxide/sulfur(E-GO/S) composites can deliver the highest discharge capacity of 1 020 mAh.g-1 at the first cycle,after 100 cycles of charge-discharge,the discharge capacity of the composites keep the capacity of ca.650 mAh.g-1,and have the excellent rate performance and coulombic efficiency that may be attributed to the homogeneous distribution of sulfur in the composites and the chemical approach to fix sulfur and the lithium polysulfides via the chemical bonds with the functional groups on the surface of expanded graphite oxide.国家“973”计划(No.2009CB220102); 国家基础科学人才培养计划(No.J1210014)资助项

Damage to mangroves from extreme cold in early 2008 in southern China

通讯作者Author for correspondence (E-mail: [email protected])2008年初,我国南方19个省经历了50年一遇的持续低温雨雪冰冻天气。极端气候对华南沿海各省的红树林区造成不同程度的危害。2008年3月,在我国南方各省红树林区的10个代表性地点,对这次寒害造成的红树植物伤害程度进行了系统的调查。结果表明:冬季低温对红树林的影响极为显著,特别是在低纬度的海南、广西和广东湛江,由于极端低温正值夜间退潮,对红树林的影响更为显著;在纬度较高的福建,本地红树种类秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)及引种的木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)等,由于长期适应于冬季较低的气温或在种植前经过抗寒锻炼,具有较强的抗寒能力。各地主要红树植物中,广布种秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤最为耐寒,其耐寒性均大于红树科的木榄、海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)和红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)。海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)对温度的敏感性最强,抗寒能力最低,因此,即使在其原产地海南也受到较为严重的寒害,在纬度更高的引种地出现大面积受害甚至全部死亡,而从孟加拉国引种的无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)却显示出一定的抗寒能力。同一地点的红树植物幼苗的抗寒能力低于大树。此次寒害也造成了苗圃场的种苗大量死亡,成熟的植株提前落花落果,这势必会影响后继一两年内红树林的自然更新和人工造林。因此,在未来红树林造林或人工引种中,一定要考虑到红树植物的抗寒能力。国家自然科学基金(30671646和30700092);厦门大学“闽江学者”启动基

Genomic Insights into the Formation of Human Populations in East Asia

厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室王传超教授课题组与哈佛医学院David Reich教授团队合作，联合全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队通过古DNA精细解析东亚人群形成历史。研究人员利用古DNA数据检验了东亚地区农业和语言共扩散理论，综合考古学、语言学等证据，该研究系统性地重构了东亚人群的形成、迁徙和混合历史。这是目前国内开展的东亚地区最大规模的考古基因组学研究，此次所报道的东亚地区古人基因组样本量是以往国内研究机构所发表的样本量总和的两倍，改变了东亚地区尤其是中国境内考古基因组学研究长期滞后的局面。 该研究是由王传超教授团队与哈佛医学院（David Reich教授）、德国马普人类历史科学研究所（Johannes Krause教授）、复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室（李辉教授和金力院士）、维也纳大学进化人类学系（Ron Pinhasi副教授）、南洋理工大学人文学院（Hui-Yuan Yeh助理教授）、俄罗斯远东联邦大学科学博物馆（Alexander N Popov研究员）、西安交通大学（张虎勤教授）、蒙古国国家博物馆研究中心、乌兰巴托国立大学考古系、华盛顿大学人类学系、台湾成功大学考古所、加州大学人类学系等全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队联合完成的。厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室为论文第一完成单位。厦门大学人类学研究所韦兰海副教授、胡荣助理教授、郭健新博士后、何光林博士后和杨晓敏硕士参与了研究工作。The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people1,2. We report genome-wide data from 166 East Asians dating to 6000 BCE-1000 CE and 46 present-day groups. Hunter-gatherers from Japan, the Amur River Basin, and people of Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan and the Tibetan plateau are linked by a deeply-splitting lineage likely reflecting a Late Pleistocene coastal migration. We follow Holocene expansions from four regions. First, hunter-gatherers of Mongolia and the Amur River Basin have ancestry shared by Mongolic and Tungusic language speakers but do not carry West Liao River farmer ancestry contradicting theories that their expansion spread these proto-languages. Second, Yellow River Basin farmers at ～3000 BCE likely spread Sino-Tibetan languages as their ancestry dispersed both to Tibet where it forms up ～84% to some groups and to the Central Plain where it contributed ～59-84% to Han Chinese. Third, people from Taiwan ～1300 BCE to 800 CE derived ～75% ancestry from a lineage also common in modern Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic speakers likely deriving from Yangtze River Valley farmers; ancient Taiwan people also derived ～25% ancestry from a northern lineage related to but different from Yellow River farmers implying an additional north-to-south expansion. Fourth, Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist ancestry arrived in western Mongolia after ～3000 BCE but was displaced by previously established lineages even while it persisted in western China as expected if it spread the ancestor of Tocharian Indo-European languages. Two later gene flows affected western Mongolia: after ～2000 BCE migrants with Yamnaya and European farmer ancestry, and episodic impacts of later groups with ancestry from Turan.We thank David Anthony, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Katherine Brunson, Rowan Flad, Pavel Flegontov,Qiaomei Fu, Wolfgang Haak, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Iain Mathieson, Richard Meadow,Inigo Olalde, Nick Patterson, Pontus Skoglund, Dan Xu, and the four reviewers for valuable comments. We thank Naruya Saitou and the Asian DNA Repository Consortium for sharing genotype data from present-day Japanese groups. We thank Toyohiro Nishimoto and Takashi Fujisawa from the Rebun Town Board of Education for sharing the Funadomari Jomon samples, and Hideyo Tanaka and Watru Nagahara from the Archeological Center of Chiba City who are excavators of the Rokutsu Jomon site. The excavations at Boisman-2 site (Boisman culture), the Pospelovo-1 site (Yankovsky culture), and the Roshino-4 site (Heishui Mohe culture) were funded by the Far Eastern Federal University and the Institute of History,Archaeology and Ethnology Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; research on Pospelovo-1 is funded by RFBR project number 18-09-40101. C.C.W was funded by the Max Planck Society, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31801040), the Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University (X2123302), the Major project of National Social Science Foundation of China (20&ZD248), a European Research Council (ERC) grant to Dan Xu (ERC-2019-ADG-883700-TRAM) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZK1144). O.B. and Y.B. were funded by Russian Scientific Foundation grant 17-14-01345. H.M. was supported by the grant JSPS 16H02527. M.R. and C.C.W received funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No 646612) to M.R. The research of C.S. is supported 30 by the Calleva Foundation and the Human Origins Research Fund. H.L was funded NSFC (91731303, 31671297), B&R International Joint Laboratory of Eurasian Anthropology (18490750300). J.K. was funded by DFG grant KR 4015/1-1, the Baden Württemberg Foundation, and the Max Planck Institute. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon dating work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (BCS-1460369) to D.J.K. and B.J.C. D.R. was funded by NSF grant BCS-1032255, NIH (NIGMS) grant GM100233, the Paul M. Allen Frontiers Group, John Templeton Foundation grant 61220, a gift from Jean-Francois Clin, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 该研究得到了国家自然科学基金“中国东南各族群的遗传混合”、国家社科基金重大项目“多学科视角下的南岛语族的起源和形成研究”、厦门大学南强青年拔尖人才支持计划A类、中央高校基本科研业务费等资助

激光冲击强化对7075铝合金干摩擦特性的实验研究

实验研究了激光冲击强化对7075铝合金干摩擦性能的影响。通过对激光冲击强化前后的试件进行物相分析、硬度分析、残余应力分析以及金相组织分析,总结激光冲击强化改善7075铝合金耐磨性的原因。结果表明,激光冲击强化能使材料表面产生晶粒细化,提高材料的表面硬度,产生残余压应力;经过激光冲击强化处理之后7075铝合金的磨损量降低43.63%;磨痕的深度和宽度分别降低45.76%和18.84%,并且摩擦系数明显降低。激光冲击强化是一种能够有效改善7075铝合金耐磨性能的表面处理技术

石英玻璃旋转超声铣削表面质量研究

探索了高频旋转超声铣削石英玻璃的工艺规律与材料去除机理,检测分析了加工表面粗糙度与表面形貌,借助Matlab平台建模仿真了进给速度和主轴转速对磨粒运动轨迹的影响规律,研究了进给速度、主轴转速、切削宽度以及切削深度对加工表面质量的影响规律与机理。进给速度增大会导致刀具上的单颗金刚石磨粒的切削速度增大,参与切削的摆线平面投影运动轨迹变长,使表面粗糙度随进给速度增加先增大后减小;表面粗糙度值随主轴转速的增大总体上呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,主轴转速为3 000 r/min时铣削表面粗糙度最小;表面粗糙度值随切削宽度增大先增大后减小,切削宽度直接决定相邻刀具路径对应加工区域重叠范围,进而产生不同的磨粒划刻加工叠加效果;随切削深度增大,表面粗糙度值呈现出先增大后减小再增大的趋势,铣削过程中超声振动与切削深度配合产生的近成形表面材料去除模式对表面质量具有关键性作用。研究工作可为石英玻璃旋转超声铣削加工提供一定的工艺基础

基于LS-DYNA的石英玻璃旋转超声铣削仿真研究

基于LS-DYNA有限元仿真平台对石英玻璃旋转超声铣削过程进行了建模仿真,分析了材料去除过程中刀—工作用区应力场分布特性,研究了金刚石刀具高频往复冲击时复合作用导致的裂纹萌生与扩展以及材料去除机理。对比超声辅助端面铣削试验结果,在一定程度上验证了有限元仿真模型的有效性

氢原子钟电离源系统A

本发明涉及一种氢原子钟电离源系统，包括：电离泡(3)；套装在所述电离泡(3)的外侧的导热支柱(2)；安装在所述导热支柱(2)的一端上的密封安装面(5)；安装在所述导热支柱(2)另一端上的电离源盒(1)，在所述电离源盒(1)靠近所述导热支柱(2)的侧壁上设有一用于容纳所述电离泡(3)的开口；安装在所述电离源盒(1)内部的激励电路(9)；以及安装所述电离源盒(1)内部并位于所述电离泡(3)的上方的射频线圈(8)。本发明结构简单，电离效率高，散热效果良好，可直接应用于氢原子钟