Microtubules Configuration During the Meiosis of Microspore Mother Cells in Angiosperm

植物细胞微管骨架是一类重要的细胞器，在植物细胞中发挥了许多重要功能。对于被子植物小孢子发生过程中微管骨架的研究较少，许多重要过程还不清楚。被子植物小孢子发生有两种类型：减数分裂连续型，减数分裂Ⅰ结束时伴随细胞壁的形成，产生二分体，减数分裂Ⅱ结束后形成四分体。减数分裂同时型，在减数分裂Ⅰ结束后并不伴随细胞质的分裂，减数分裂Ⅱ完成后在四细胞核之间同时发生胞质分裂。不同的胞质分裂类型中微管分布的特点还没有详细报道。本实验利用免疫荧光定位结合激光共聚焦显微技术，研究烟草（同时型）（NicotianatabacumL.）、小麦（连续型）（TriticumaestivumL.）、洋葱（连续型）（Alliu...Microtubules (MTs),as one kind of cytoskeleton, play series of important roles in plant cells. The lack of reports about the changes of MTS configuration during microsporogenesis resulted in the unclearence of a lot of important process. Two types of cytokinesis have been characterized during microsporogenesis in angiosperm. In the successive type, following meiosis Ⅰ, a cell wall is formed separa...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_植物学学号：2162007015384

The IP Provisions of EU’s FTAs: Analysis on its Mode and Transition

FTAs（FreeTradeAgreements）是在经济全球化中兴起的一股区域化和双边化的经贸热潮。20世纪90年代中后期，FTAs内容从传统的削减关税等开始涉及其他相关领域，包括知识产权、环境标准、劳工标准、竞争政策等敏感领域及各项内容。与此同时，FTAs中的知识产权条款也成为知识产权国际保护的新方式和重要手段。然而就不同国家在不同阶段而言，所谈判和签署的FTAs及具体条款类型和内容都有所不同。本文以欧盟FTAs知识产权条款为研究对象，一方面，横向来看，欧盟无论是在FTAs谈判与缔结还是在知识产权保护方面都是较完善和先进的；另一方面，纵向来看，欧盟的FTAs知识产权条款经历了变化和充实，尤...FTAs (Free Trade Agreements) represent the regional and bilateral economic tide under globalization. Since 1990s, the contents of FTAs have expanded to other related issues, which include intellectual property rights, environmental standards, employer standards, competition policies etc. At the same time, the IP provisions (provisions on intellectual property) in FTAs have become the new approach ...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_国际法学(含国际公法、国际私法、国际经济法)学号：1292007115037

母胎界面微环境改变与早产

妊娠第37周前分娩的现象被称为早产。目前,全球每年约有1500万早产儿出生,其中100万早产儿在出生后的1个月内死亡。因此,早产作为一个全球性的问题,为社会带来了严重的负担。探索早产发生的机制,寻找有效的预防方法,是目前亟待解决的科学问题。文章围绕影响母胎界面微环境的3个主要因素即胎儿滋养层细胞、子宫蜕膜和母胎界面免疫细胞,详细阐述母胎界面微环境改变在早产发生中的作用机制。国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1001402

Localization of ATPase during Pollen Development in Lattuce sativa L.

对莴苣花粉发育过程中ATPase的分布特征做了研究。四分体早期的小孢子细胞质中开始出现ATPase反应颗粒。之后,小孢子在发育过程中,花粉内壁聚集大量体积较大的ATPase反应颗粒,并一直保持到花粉即将成熟。在小孢子发育晚期,在花粉萌发孔处和小孢子大液泡中也特异性地聚集了较多ATPase颗粒。二胞花粉刚形成的生殖细胞表面呈现大量的ATPase反应颗粒,当生殖细胞脱离花粉内壁移入营养细胞,ATPase反应颗粒基本消失。生殖细胞分化过程中生殖细胞的ATPase反应颗粒逐渐低于营养细胞中的。在成熟花粉中,精细胞中的ATPase反应颗粒比营养细胞中的少,且主要集中在细胞核中。结果显示花粉发育过程中ATPase的特异分布与花粉发育的一些生物学事件密切相关。The localization of ATPase in developing pollen grains of Lattuce sativa L. was studied using lead precipitation. ATPase precipitates (ppts) were present in the microspore cell during the early tetrad stage. Ppts then occurred largely in the inner pollen wall until shortly before pollens formed. At the late microspore developmental stage, abundant ppts were found specifically at the germ pore and in the large vacuole of microspore. During two-celled pollen grain stage, they were accumulated on the wall of the generative cell. After the generative cell came into the vegetative cell, ppts largely disappeared. The number of ppts was less in the generative cell than in the vegetation cell during the differentiation of the generative cell. And it was less in sperm cells than in the vegetation cell after pollen formed. It is suggested that the distribution of ATPase is closely related to events of pollen development.国家自然科学基金项目(30670126)资

Isolation of Embryo Sac Cells of Lettuce(Lactuca sativa)

用酶解和解剖方法分离了莴苣的卵细胞,助细胞,中央细胞和合子。莴苣子房先在酶液中酶解40~50MIn,然后在不含酶的分离液中用解剖针解剖子房。在解剖出的胚囊中,可看到卵细胞,两个助细胞和中央细胞的轮廓。将胚囊的合点端切破,轻轻挤压胚囊的珠孔端,四个细胞即可逸出。在最佳条件下,90MIn可从40个子房中分离出29个胚囊,进一步从中分离出11个卵细胞。分离出的胚囊细胞用显微操作仪收集备用。莴苣卵细胞的成功分离为进行离体受精探索创造了条件。Viable egg cells,synergids,central cells and zygotes of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were isolated using enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissection.The ovaries were digested in enzymatic solution for 40-50 min,and then transported into the isolation solution without enzymes to dissect.In the dissected embryo sacs,the outline of an egg cell,two synergids and a central cell could be observed.When dissected embryo sacs were sliced from the chalazal end,four cells could be released by gently pushing its micropylar end.In optimal condition,29 embryo sacs and 11 egg cells could be isolated from 40 ovaries during 90 min.The isolated egg cells could be collected using micromanipulator for preparation of molecular biology of egg cell of lettuce.The isolation of egg cell of lettuce will make a great chance for in vitro fertilization in a dicot plant.国家自然科学基金(30970275

相界面对双相钛合金层裂孔洞形核的影响

利用一级轻气炮对TC4双相钛合金进行加载,获得初期的层裂状态,在加载中采用多普勒激光干涉测速技术对样品自由面粒子速度进行测试。在软回收经过加载的样品之后,借助于金相显微镜、X射线断层扫描、纳米压痕等检测手段进行多维分析,探讨了相界面对孔洞形核位置的影响。结果表明,孔洞绝大部分都在α相内形核,而不是如准静态损伤理论预测的形核于α/β相界面。这是由于相界面的反射与透射作用,当冲击波从高阻抗α相传入到低阻抗β相时,会在α相内产生拉伸脉冲,当拉伸脉冲足够大时,导致在α相内产生孔洞

The Primary Attempt of in Vitro Fertilization of Torenia fournieri

通讯作者(E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: 0592-2186486)。[中文文摘]用体内-体外方法分离了蓝猪耳精细胞。用酶解和解剖方法分离了其成熟卵细胞。分离的精、卵细胞用电融合介导尝试了体外诱导融合。在合适的渗透压(6%甘露醇)和合适的氯化钙(0.04%CaCl2·2H2O)溶液中,用交流电场为30～35V,10～25s使精、卵细胞排队;用直流电场400～600V,45～50μs的脉冲穿孔条件可诱导30%的精、卵细胞融合和70%以上的卵细胞之间的融合。尝试了人工合子的单细胞培养但未获成功。诱导蓝猪耳精、卵细胞融合的条件与玉米和水稻不同。[英文文摘]Sperm cells of Torenia fournieri were isolated from pollen tubes which were induced using an in vivo-in vitro method. Its egg cells were isolated by enzyme digesting followed by mechanical dissection. The electrical fusion method was applied to induce the fusion of the isolated sperm and egg cells. In a suitable solution containing 6% mannitol and 0.04% CaCl2 ·2H2O, 30% sperm-egg and over 70% egg-egg could be induced fusion using alternating current (30–35 V, 10–25 s) to align sperm-egg or egg-egg,following direct current (400–600 V, 45–50 μs) pulse to perforate the plasma member of both sperm and egg. The artifi cial zygotes were also tried to culture but no success. The conditions of inducing fusion of sperm cells and egg cells of Torenia fournieri are different with those of maize and rice.国家自然科学基金(30970275和31170289);; 公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(200903016