A modified ecological footprint analysis to a sub-national area:the case study of Zhejiang Province

在全球公顷和国家公顷的模型基础上,建立了省公顷生态足迹模型。采用2005年浙江省平均土地单位产量核算了浙江省各地的生态足迹,并与全球公顷和国家公顷法的结果进行了比较分析。从省公顷模型的结果可以看出,浙江省生态足迹达1.18 S-nHM2/人(省公顷,记为:S-nHM2),而生物承载力只有0.24 S-nHM2/人,生态赤字达0.94 S-nHM2/人,生态压力指数达4.91,是典型的生态赤字地区。另外,浙江省各地生态足迹空间差异较大,与全省平均水平相比,舟山和温州处于高强度生态压力,宁波、杭州、台州、金华和绍兴处于中强度生态压力,而丽水、衢州、湖州和嘉兴处于低强度生态压力。最后借助IPAT的分析,发现杭州、金华、嘉兴、湖州和衢州等地的万元gdP占用足迹不同程度地高于全省平均水平,并指出在一定条件下,应结合当地的经济发展程度合理提升资源利用效率的技术水平。The ecological footprint model on the basis of sub-national hectare was presented in this paper according to the ecological footprint concept and model on the basis of global hectare or national hectare.The ecological footprint and its composition of each city in Zhejiang Province were evaluated and analyzed by using the modified model and the actual yield per unit area of Zhejiang in 2005.The results were compared with those which were evaluated in global hectare or national hectare method,and the differences were analyzed among them.When using sub-national hectare as the evaluation criterion,the ecological footprint,the ecological capacity and the ecological deficit of Zhejiang Province in 2005 would be 1.18s-nhm2/cap,0.24s-nhm2/cap and 0.94s-nhm2/cap respectively,and the ecological pressure index was 4.91.The results suggest that Zhejiang Province is a representative area that has a large ecological deficit and high ecological pressure.They also suggested that there was a significant spatial difference according to the ecological footprint and its composition among the cities of Zhejiang.Compared with the average level of city ecological footprint in Zhejiang Province,Lishui,Quzhou,Huzhou and Jiaxing were in low ecological pressure states,and Ningbo,Hangzhou,Taizhou,Jinhua and Shaoxing were in middle ecological pressure states,while Zhoushan and Wenzhou were in high ecological pressure states.In the end,by applying IPAT,more eco-footprint demand of 104yuan GDP was found in Hangzhou,Jinhua,Jiaxing,Huzhou and Quzhou,which have a higher level than the average of Zhejiang,and suggestions were proposed that the level of local economic development must be considered to promote resource use efficiency.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40471055

用于空间探测的静电分析器轻量化设计与验证

针对空间探测载荷的轻量化需求，以空间等离子体探测的静电分析器为研究对象，进行了轻量化设计和验证。在材料及加工方式选择方面，充分利用增材制造这一新兴加工手段，打破传统轻量化设计时追求低密度材料的思路，对比多种材料及加工方式下设备重量及力学表现，确定铝合金为主要材料，3D打印为主要加工方式。在结构设计方面，基于3D打印加工的优势，在减小设备各部分结构厚度的同时，适当设置加强筋以解决薄壁在后处理时易产生形变的问题。采取上述方案设计的设备质量减少至1.2 kg，比使用镁合金及传统加工方式的设备质量（2.2 kg）下降45%。以典型航天任务的鉴定级力学试验条件作为输入，开展了设计模型的有限元仿真，完成实物加工装配以及力学试验，验证了该设计的抗力学性能

一种用于动车车头的涂层组合

本发明涉及一种用于动车车头的抗冲蚀涂层组合，所述涂层组合是车头尖端喷涂改性聚氨酯树脂复合涂层，斜面喷涂硬质陶瓷涂层。本发明将车头尖端喷涂高韧性涂层，有效提高其抗正面冲蚀能力；斜面喷涂高硬度涂层，有效提高其抗划擦能力，本发明的车头涂层组合能够保证车头尖端及斜面位置涂层在运行时的寿命基本相同，适合统一更换；与现有的涂层相比，车头涂层使用寿命提高3倍以上

一种用于动车车头的涂层组合

本发明涉及一种用于动车车头的抗冲蚀涂层组合，所述涂层组合是车头尖端喷涂改性聚氨酯树脂复合涂层，斜面喷涂硬质陶瓷涂层。本发明将车头尖端喷涂高韧性涂层，有效提高其抗正面冲蚀能力；斜面喷涂高硬度涂层，有效提高其抗划擦能力，本发明的车头涂层组合能够保证车头尖端及斜面位置涂层在运行时的寿命基本相同，适合统一更换；与现有的涂层相比，车头涂层使用寿命提高3倍以上

动车组表面聚氨酯涂层冲蚀性能分析

采用气流喷砂式冲蚀实验机,对动车组聚氨酯涂层进行冲蚀性能研究。利用扫描电子显微镜及表面轮廓测量仪,检测了聚氨酯涂层的表面冲蚀形貌及冲蚀磨损,比较分析了粒子速度、入射角度对聚氨酯涂层冲蚀磨损率及冲蚀形貌的影响规律。研究发现:聚氨酯涂层冲蚀磨损机制为低角度冲蚀时微切削机制起主导作用,高角度冲蚀时脆性破碎机制起主导作用;冲蚀参数对涂层的冲蚀磨损率影响规律为:随粒子速度呈现指数增长(指数为2.27),随入射角度先增后减规律(峰值在30°入射时)

动车组表面聚氨酯涂层冲蚀性能分析

采用气流喷砂式冲蚀实验机,对动车组聚氨酯涂层进行冲蚀性能研究。利用扫描电子显微镜及表面轮廓测量仪,检测了聚氨酯涂层的表面冲蚀形貌及冲蚀磨损,比较分析了粒子速度、入射角度对聚氨酯涂层冲蚀磨损率及冲蚀形貌的影响规律。研究发现:聚氨酯涂层冲蚀磨损机制为低角度冲蚀时微切削机制起主导作用,高角度冲蚀时脆性破碎机制起主导作用;冲蚀参数对涂层的冲蚀磨损率影响规律为:随粒子速度呈现指数增长(指数为2.27),随入射角度先增后减规律(峰值在30°入射时)