拉曼光谱法表征石墨烯晶界

化学气相沉积法制备的石墨烯为多晶,其晶界缺陷对石墨烯的电学、热学等各性能有显著影响.快速、有效地观察石墨烯的晶界分布对石墨烯的应用研究有重要意义.对石墨烯进行热处理以增强石墨烯的缺陷,发现热处理后石墨烯边界和晶界处的拉曼缺陷峰有明显增强,而晶畴内石墨烯的缺陷峰基本没有变化.为此,应用热处理法并结合拉曼光谱及其面扫描技术,可直观地表征出满层石墨烯的晶界分布并测定单晶尺寸.该方法不限制石墨烯样品的衬底,可以快速有效地鉴别出石墨烯晶界分布,为石墨烯晶粒尺寸的判断提供了一种简单有效的方法.福建省自然科学基金科技项目“大面积石墨烯/六方氮化硼异质薄膜的制备及器件研究”（2015J06016

Intervention effect of salidroside on liver fat synthesis and oxidation of non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats induced by high-fat diet

目的:基于肝脏脂肪合成和氧化环节,探讨红景天苷防治非酒精性脂肪肝的作用机制。方法:采用单纯高脂饮食14周诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝模型。在造模第9; 周起,随机分为模型组、红景天苷组和罗格列酮对照组,灌胃给药6周。观察肝组织病理变化;肝组织甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量的变化;肝组; 织乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)、丙二酰辅酶A (Mallonyl CoA)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶-1; (CPT-1)含量的变化;肝组织ACCaseCPT-1; mRNA水平的变化。结果:模型组肝组织出现显著的肝细胞脂肪变性及空泡样变,肝组织TG、FFA、ACCase、FAS、 Malonyl; CoA含量和ACCase; mRNA水平较正常组均显著升高(P<0.01),CPT-1含量和mRNA水平较正常组显著降低(P<0.01)。红景天苷组的上述病理改变显著减轻,; 肝组织TG、FFA、ACCase、 Malonyl CoA、FAS含量和ACCase mRNA水平显著低于模型组(P<0.01) ,; CPT-1含量和; mRNA水平显著高于模型组(P<0.01)。结论:红景天苷能抑制肝脏脂肪合成,促进脂肪酸氧化,这可能是其防治非酒精性脂肪肝的重要机制。Objective: To explore the mechanism of salidroside on non-alcoholic; fatty liver disease based on liver fat synthesis and oxidation. Methods:; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model was induced by high-fat diet for; 14 weeks. From the ninth week, the rats were randomly divided into model; group, salidroside group and rosiglitazone group, and were given a; gavage for six weeks. The observing items including: pathological; changes of liver tissue (HE staining); changes of contents of; triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) in liver tissue; changes of; contents of acetyl-Coacarboxylase (ACCase), malonyl CoA, fatty acid; synthase(FAS) and carnitine palmitoyl transterase-l(CPT-l); changes of; mRNA levels of ACCase and CPT-1 in liver tissue. Results: Hepatocellular; steatosis and vacuolar degeneration were observed in the liver tissue of; the model group. The contents of TG, FFA, ACCase, Malonyl CoA, FAS and; mRNA level of ACCase in model group were significantly higher than those; of the normal group (P<0.01). The content and mRNA level of CPT-1 were; significantly lower than those of normal group (P<0.01). Hepatic; pathological changes in salidroside group were significantly reduced.; The contents of TG, FFA, ACCase, Malonyl CoA, FAS and mRNA level of; ACCase were significantly lower than those of model group (P<0.01). The; content and mRNA level of CPT-1 were significantly higher than those of; model group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Salidroside can inhibit liver fat; synthesis and promote the oxidation of fatty acid, which may be an; important mechanism of salidroside for prevention and treatment of; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.国家自然科学基金项目; 浙江省自然科学基金项

Effect of HJJB Compound on Insulin Signal Transduction Link of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Rats

目的观察红景天苷、姜黄素、绞股蓝总苷、白术多糖(HJJB)复方对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)大鼠胰岛素信号转导环节的干预作用。方法采用高脂饮食; 14周诱导的大鼠胰岛素抵抗NASH模型。在造模第9周起,随机分为模型组、西药组(罗格列酮,0.4; mg/kg)和中药组(HJJB)。干预6周后,观察肝组织病理变化(HE染色),检测肝组织TG含量、ALT活性、血清空腹胰岛素(FINS)含量、空; 腹血糖(FBG)含量、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),检测肝组织胰岛素受体底物1 (IRS1 )、磷酸化IRS1 (pIRS1; )、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)、磷酸化PI3K(pPI3K)、蛋白激酵B(PKB)、磷酸化PKB(pPKB)蛋白含量;检测肝组织IRS1、; PI3K、PKB mRNA水平。结果与正常组比较,模型组出现肝细胞脂肪变性, TG、ALT、FINS、FBG 及 HOMA-IR 升高(P; <0. 01), IRS1、plRS1、PI3K、pPI3K、PKB、pPKB 蛋白及 IRS1、 PI3K、PKB mRNA降低(P; <0.01)。与模型组比较,中药组和西药组上述病理改变明显减轻,血清TG、ALT、 FINS、FBG 及 HOMA-IR; 含量降低(P<0.05)。中药组 IRS1、pIRS1、PI3K、pPI3K、PKB、pPKB 蛋白及 IRS1、 PI3K、PKB; mRNA水平较模型组及西药组升高(P <0.01,P <0.05),TG及ALT较西药组降低(P <0. 01; )。结论HJJB复方可上调NASH大鼠肝脏IRS1基因表达和蛋白含量,改善PI3K/PKB信号通路。Objective To observe the intervention effect of HJJB; compound(salidroside, curcumin, gypenosides and atractylodes; polysaccharides) on insulin signal transduction link of non-alcoholic; steatohepatitis (NASH) rats. Methods SD male rats were induced by; high-fat diet for 14 weeks for insulin resistance NASH model. From the; ninth week, the rats were divided into the model group, the Western; medicine(WM) group (rosiglitazone, 0. 4 mg/kg) and the Chinese medicine; (CM)group (HJJB) at random .Six weeks after medication, liver pathology; (HE staining), hepatic TG content, serum ALT activity, serum fasting; insulin (FINS), serum fasting blood glucose( FBG), insulin resistance; index (HOMA-IR) were observed. Protein content of hepatic insulin; receptor substrate insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphorylation; of IRS1 (pIRS1),phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) , phosphorylation; of PI3K(pPI3K), protein kinase B (PKB) and phosphorylation of PKB (pPKB); were detected. mRNA expression of hepatic IRS1,PI3K, PKB were also; detected. Results Significant hepatic steatosis were observed in the; model group. TG, ALT, FINS, FBG and HOMA-IR of model group were higher; than those of the normal group(P < 0. 01). Hepatic IRS1,pIRS1 ,; PI3K,pPI3K, PKB, pPKB protein expression level and IRS1 , PI3K,PKB mRNA; level were lower than those of the normal group (P <0. 01). Hepatic; pathological changes in the CM group and WB the group were meliorated,; ALT, FINS, FBG, HOMA-IR and TG of the CM group and the WM group were; lower than those of the model group(P <0. 05). Hepatic; IRS1,pIRS1,PI3K,pPI3K, PKB, pPKB protein expression level and IRS1,; PI3K, PKB mRNA of the CM group were higher than those of the model group; and the WM group(P <0. 01,P <0. 05),ALT and TG of the CM group were; lower than those of the model group (P <0. 01 ). Conclusion HJJB; Compound can significantly increase hepatic IRS1 gene expression and; protein content of fatty liver in rat, and then improve the PI3K/PKB; signal pathways.国家自然科学基金资助项目; 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目; 浙江省中医药科技计划项

Research of prevention and treatment of herb components HJJB compound on non-alcoholic steatohepatitisin rats induced by high-fat diet

目的:探讨中药组分HJJB方(红景天苷、姜黄素、绞股蓝总苷、白术多糖)对高脂饮食诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的防治作用。方法:采用高脂饮食14周; 诱导大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型。在造模第9周起,随机分为模型组,HJJB方高、低剂量组,罗格列酮组,灌胃给药6周。观察肝组织病理变化(HE染色); ,肝组织甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量的变化,血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)活性及TG、总胆; 固醇(TC)含量的变化。结果:模型组肝组织出现显著的肝细胞脂肪变性及空泡样变,肝组织TG、FFA含量较正常组显著升高(P<0.01),血清ALT; 、AST、GGT活性及TG、TC含量较正常组亦明显升高(P<0.01)。HJJB方高、低剂量组的上述病理改变显著减轻,肝组织TG、FFA含量及血; 清ALT、AST、 GGT、TG、TC水平显著低于模型组(P<0.01),其中HJJB方高剂量组的肝组织TG、FFA含量和血清ALT、AST、; GGT活性显著低于HJJB方低剂量组和罗格列酮组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:中药组分HJJB方对高脂饮食诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎具; 有良好的防治作用。Objective: To discuss the prevention and treatment of HJJB (salidroside,; curcumin, gypenoside and atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide); compound on non-alcoholic steatohepatitisin rats induced by high-fat; diet. Methods: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model was induced by; high-fat diet for 14 weeks. From the ninth week, the rats were randomly; divided into model group, HJJB high-dose group, HJJB low-dose group and; rosiglitazone group, and were given gavage for six weeks. The observing; items including: pathological changes of liver tissue (HE staining); the; changesof contents of liver tissue triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid; (FFA); the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate; aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and contents of; serum total cholesterol (TC) and TG. Results: Significant hepatocellular; steatosis and vacuolar degeneration were observed inthe liver tissue of; the model group. The contents of TG and FFA in liver tissue of model; group were significantly higher than those of normal group (P<0.01), and; the activities of serum ALT, AST, GGT and the contents of TG and TC of; model group were higher than those of normal group too (P<0.01). Hepatic; pathological changes in the HJJB compound high-dose, low-dose groups; were all significantly meliorated. The levels of liver TG, FFA and serum; ALT, AST, GGT, TG and TC of HJJB high-dose group, HJJB low-dose group; were significantly lower than that of model group (P<0.01). In addition,; the contents of liver TG and FFA and serum ALT, AST, GGT of HJJB; compound high-dose group were lower than those of HJJB compound low-dose; and rosiglitazone group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: HJJB compound does; well in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; induced by high-fat diet.国家自然科学基金项目; 浙江省自然科学基金项目; 浙江省中医药科技计划项

Controllable synthesis of bilayer graphene on Cu foils

提出采用改进的化学气相沉积（chenmical vaper deposition,CVD）方法,利用甲烷为碳源在展平的Cu箔表面直接制备双层石墨烯薄膜。通过细致研究甲烷气体流量、生长时间等参数对双层石墨烯成核密度的影响,进一步探讨双层石墨烯生长的机理和条件。研究利用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）、光学显微镜、Raman光谱对石墨烯的表面形貌、结构和堆叠方式进行了表征,提出双层石墨烯的“高效生长时间”为双层石墨烯成核完成后到第1层石墨烯完全覆盖Cu箔之间的时间段。通过优化生长条件,制备出高成核密度（双层与单层石墨烯成核密度比接近0.95）和高覆盖度的双层石墨烯（其中AB堆叠双层石墨烯比例高达82.7%）,实现展平Cu薄基底上高覆盖度双层石墨烯的可控制备。To make bilayer graphene grown directly on Cu foils, improved chemical vapor deposition （CVD） method was applied by using methane as precursor. The impacts of the methane flow rates,growth time on the bilayer graphene nuclei were evaluated to understand the growth mechanism and the key factor to the bilayer graphene synthesis. Scanning electron microscope （SEM）, optical microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were applied to characterize the morphology and the stacking order of the bilayer graphene. We proposed that the ＂highly effective growth time＂ for bilayer grpahene was between the complete nuclei of the bilay-er graphene and the time that the Cu foil was fully covered by the monolayer graphene. On the basis of these results, bilayer gra-phene with high nucleation density （nuclei density ration of the first and bilayer graphene is about 0. 95） as well as high coverage （bilayer graphene with Bernal stacking ratio up to 82. 7% ） were successfully achieved over the Cu foil.高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目（20130121120017）;国家自然科学基金资助项目（51302233）;福建省自然科学基金资助项目（2015J06016