Brief Introduction to Metal Corrosion and Protection

本文简要阐明了为什么金属的腐蚀主要以电化学腐蚀的形式出现，剖析了腐蚀过程电化学动力学参数的物理意义，以及金属腐蚀的防护原理、常用的腐蚀防护方法乃至腐蚀过程的一些特殊应用。This paper explains why corrosion processes are usually electrochemical in nature, describes the significance of electrochemical kinetic parameters of corrosion process, and briefly introduces the principles of corrosion protection, the most common corrosion protection methods and some special application of corrosion processes.国家自然科学基金（21073111）作者联系地址：山东大学化学与化工学院，山东 济南 250100Author's Address: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

A Comparative Study of Charge-Discharge Behaviors of α-PbO2 and β-PbO2 Cathodes

利用化学合成法分别制得α-PbO2和β-PbO2样品，采用XRD、SEM表征与观察两种不同晶型的PbO2样品. 由两种晶型PbO2粉末做成铅酸电池的活性正极，采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电以及电化学阻抗谱等电化学方法研究了其电化学性能. 结果表明，α-PbO2电极的放电容量较低，β-PbO2电极的放电容量较高，两种晶型PbO2粉末按不同配比制成复合电极有利于提高铅酸电池正极的充放电性能.The α-PbO2 and β-PbO2 powders were prepared using simple chemical synthetic methods, and their crystalline structures and surface morphologies were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Using the as-synthesized α-PbO2 and β-PbO2 powders as positive active materials, the electrochemical performance of the two PbO2 materials was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the discharge capacity of α-PbO2 electrode is larger than that of β-PbO2; moreover, the composite electrodes made by α-PbO2 and β-PbO2 mixtures with different proportions are favorable for enhancing the charge-discharge cycle performance of PbO2 positive electrode.国家973项目计划（No. 2011CB935901）和山东大学自主创新基金（No. 2009JC019）资助作者联系地址：1. 山东大学化学与化工学院，山东 济南 250100； 2. 山东圣阳电源股份有限公司，山东 曲阜 273100Author's Address: 1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; 2. Shandong Sacred Sun Power Sources Co. LTD., Qufu 273100, Shandong, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]