渤海典型生态灾害的发展变化特征及演变趋势

渤海是中国的内海,受海岸带地区人为活动的影响,海域生态环境退化严重,其主要表现为海洋生态灾害频发。本文对渤海近年典型生态灾害,如赤潮、大型藻类及水母发生的时空分布特征进行了总结,结合水环境变化,对其演变趋势进行了评估,并提出了相应的防控应对建议

法学家眼中的和谐社会

从现有权威性文献看,“和谐社会”是执政党要追求的一种社会状态,更是一种涉及面极其广泛的治国方略。在这个过程中,法律、法学和法学家的作用举足重轻。面对如此重大议题,法学家应当表达观点、提出诉求、发挥专业功能。基于这种考虑,本刊特邀部分中青年法学家进行了笔谈,希望他们的文章能引起讨论,促进法律界、法学界形成一些基本共识

The spatiotemporal variation research of Ulva prolifera blooms dissipation in the Southern Yellow Sea

绿潮的周期性暴发已成为南黄海海域严重的生态灾害之一，给沿海城市造成了巨大的社会经济损失。绿潮消亡后期，大量浒苔或登陆沿海地区，或沉入海底，在绿藻沉降分解的过程中会向海水释放大量的营养盐，改变水体理化环境，而绿潮的登陆过程则会对沿海地区的景观生态环境、人类生产活动等造成严重影响。因此，对于绿潮消亡过程应进行深入研究，了解其消亡规律，以期为评估其对海洋生态的影响及制定相应的绿潮防控策略提供理论依据。 基于2007—2019年MODIS影像和高分辨率影像（HJ-1A/1B、GF-1和Sentinel-2），本文首先针对影响绿潮面积估测的两个主要限制因素——云和空间分辨率，提出了相应的解决对策；在此基础上，分析了2007—2019年绿潮的日消亡率变化以及消亡期绿潮的时空变化特征，并初步推测了绿潮可能的沉降区域。主要结论如下： （1）云覆盖和空间分辨率会影响绿潮面积的估算。针对前者，本文基于云分布情况和云周围绿潮分布情况建立了云覆盖下绿潮面积估测方法。该方法在少云影像上的应用结果显示，2007—2019年间少云影像上估测的云覆盖下的绿潮面积占绿潮总面积的百分比（P_cloud_GT）介于0.47%~28.17%。针对后者，本文基于同期多源卫星影像，给出了两种解决对策。一是分别建立了多源卫星影像绿潮面积（Area）转换关系模型。应用模型后，GF-1和Sentinel-2、HJ-1A/B上对应斑块的面积偏差分别从22.77%和36.40%降低到14.44%和24.38%；MODIS与Sentinel-2、GF-1、HJ-1A/1B影像上对应斑块的面积偏差分别从229.09%、153.06%和89.17%降低到23.97%、18.69%和23.25%。二是给出了低空间分辨率影像的绿潮亚像元面积（ACCM）估测模型，应用模型后，MODIS与高分辨影像估测的ACCM相对误差最大为13.59%，远小于Area的相对误差（最小为55.85%）。 （2）通过两个相邻日期之间的日消亡率（TND）和从不同开始日期到最小面积日期的日消亡率（DSE）分析了2007—2019年绿潮的日消亡率。除2010年外，DSE年内变化较为一致，均呈增加趋势；TND年内变化差异较大。年际尺度上，DSE、TND最大值与绿潮最大面积的整体趋势较为一致，均呈现增加趋势，R2分别为0.60、0.41和0.34。基于2007—2017年绿潮的日消亡率变化，提出了预估绿潮消亡天数的方法。该方法应用于2018年和2019年的结果显示，消亡天数的预估值和实际值较为接近，尤其是2018年，两者的相对误差仅为6.67%。 （3）从两个方面分析了绿潮消亡的时空变化特征，一是绿潮在山东半岛南部的登陆顺序变化，二是绿潮对南黄海不同区域的影响程度变化。结果显示，绿潮的登陆顺序存在差异，大致可分为两类：一是日照→青岛→乳山、海阳，二是乳山、海阳→青岛→日照。绿潮对南黄海区域的影响程度存在空间差异，影响最为严重的区域位于34º50'N~36º1'N，120º32'E~121º33'E海域内。其中，对山东半岛南部海域影响最为严重的区域为青岛近岸海域，最轻的区域是乳山近岸海域。基于绿潮时空变化推测可能的绿潮沉降区分别是山东半岛近岸海域和南黄海中部33º31'N~35º22'N，120º14'E~122º8'E海域

Hyperspectral remote sensing of soil salinity for coastal saline soil in the Yellow River Delta based on HICO bands

This study aims to use hyperspectral reflectance to estimate soil salinity.Taking the coastal saline soil of the Yellow River Delta as an example,we collected insituground surface reflectance and soil samples for salinity analysis,and integrated with the HICO (Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean)imagery data to map the distribution of salinity.The spectral features were established by band combination method.The sensitive features were selected by correlation analysis.The optimal models were selected by the determination coefficients R~2.The relationship between the in situ reflectance and the HICO hyperspectral reflectance is used to modify the model. And these models were applied to HICO images.The study showed that the models of band ratio(RI)and band difference(DI)with significantly high correlations with the soil salinity were established.The power function models established by DI_((845,473)),DI_((839,490)),DI_((845,496)),DI_((839,501))were the best ones(the determination coefficients R~2>0.86,and the relative prediction deviation RPD>3).The inversion results in the HICO from these models were consistent with each other,and can reflect the distribution of soil salinity for the Yellow River Delta. This study suggests that it is feasible to estimate the soil salinity by using the hyperspectral data,which can provide a reference for quantitative inversion of soil salinity in the coastal region

Flare-off method of solar flare non-sensitive water index

本发明基于多种遥感卫星图像及太阳耀光反射率光谱特性，提出了一种基于太阳耀光非敏感水体指数的去耀光方法，根据遥感图像进行波段运算，构建对太阳耀光不敏感的去耀光水体指数，即得到去耀光的遥感图像。该指数主要基于绿光、红光与近红外三波段线性组合。SGD‑WI不仅能有效去除无漂浮物的海表太阳耀光，对有藻华、漂浮浒苔(或其他大型藻类时)的海表，也同样有效。本专利的指数SGD‑WI不仅适用于遥感图像反射率图像，也适用于辐亮度图像，可用于水体信息的提取与反演，陆地植被等参数的监测

Studies on Copper-based Catalysts For the Synthesis of Methyl Vinyl Ketone by the Methylenation of Acetone

本文用连续流动微型反应动力学方法研究铜基催化剂对丙酮亚甲基化合成甲基乙烯基酮（MVk）的催化行为。通过正交试验研究了载体、主催化剂、助催化剂对反应的影响，发现载体的作用极为重要.若以MgO、Al＿2O＿3为载体，催化剂的活性和选择性都不理想.而以硅胶为载体时，MVk的收率最好.由XPS技术分析催化剂表面性质推测-价铜可能是合成MVk反应的活性组分。Abstract The copper-based catalysts For the synthesis of mathyl vinyl ketone (MVK) have been investigated using the techniques of continuously Flowing microreaction kinetics and XPS method.It is Found that the support of the catalyst plays an important role.The best yield of MVK is obtained From copper-based catalyst supported on SiO_2, whose activity and selectivity are larger than those of the catalysts supported on MgO or Al_2O_3.The surFace propertics of the catalysts were analyst by XPS, whith the result appearing that the CU￣1+ may be an active valence state For the catalysis.国家自然科学基

SPECTRAL FEATURES AND ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL FLOATING MACROALGAE IN THE YELLOW SEA

The spectral features of the floating macroalgae in the Yellow Sea were analyzed using the data measured with hyperspectral-spectroradiometer and multispectral-camera. The results show that the hyperspectral reflectance of Ulva prolifera and Sargassum horneri are consistent with those measured by the multispectral camera. The ratio spectrum indexes of those two macroalgae, especially R_(640)/R_(554), are obviously different. The classification accuracy of Ulva prolifera and Sargassum horneri using the trough depth (T-depth) threshold method is 69.6%±30.0% and 69.6%±24.3%, respectively, which is slightly better than the accuracy of Virtual-Baseline Floating macroAlgae Height (VB-FAH). This work shows the potential of identifying floating green macroalgae and brown macroalgae using optical indexes

Expression of LDH Isozyme of Erlangshan Goats in DiFFerent Physiologic Status

对二狼山白绒山羊血清ldH同工酶进行了不连续缓冲系统的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析.结果表明：ldH同工酶在该动物血清中以b型酶占相对优势地位，A、b两亚基的表达在动物处于不同生理状态下发生显著变化.依据雌性个体空怀期和妊娠期ldH同工酶表型，讨论了与白绒山羊能量代谢的关系.By using discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method,the serum LDH siozyme of erlangshan goats was investigated.The results show that content of B subunit is higher than that of A subunit,and their expressions in barren and conceptive period are signiFicantly diFFerent.ThereFore,these results illustrate relationships between the LDH siozyme and energy metabolism.内蒙自治区科委资