Advance in Pyrolysis and Gasification of Combustible Solid Waste and Engineering Simulation Study

简要介绍了目前国内城市生活垃圾的产生现状及其主要的处理方法。概述了典型可燃固体废弃物的热解气化实验进展和基于AspenPlus平台模拟的研究现状以及热解气化技术的应用情况。分析总结了热解温度和加热速率对热解产物分布及其产量的影响,以及空气燃料比和气化温度对气化过程的影响。基于AspenPlus平台的热解气化模型能够很好地模拟实际热解气化过程,具有较好的可靠性和实用性。指出可燃固废热解气化实验今后的研究重点及AspenPlus平台模拟研究的着重考虑因素

粉末电致发光的新应用──一种光神经器件

近年来，人工神经网格与神经网络计算机的研究在世界范围内已形成一个热点，本文通过对电致发光材料的各种特性的讨论，分析了固体化平板电致发光作为一种光神经器件的一些特点，指出了它在神经网络实现中有很好的应用前景

TG-MS研究生物质组分与聚乙烯共热解特性

为了探索生物质主要组分在与塑料共热解过程中的协同效应和小分子气体产物的变化规律,笔者采用热重-质谱联用(TG-MS)技术研究纤维素、木聚糖、木质素与聚乙烯的共热解特性。共热解样品的混合比例为1∶1(w/w),TG实验得到了各单组分以及混合组分的失重区间,通过对单组分TG数据的拟合得到理论值与实验值,比较得到混合组分在共热解过程中存在协同效应,可促进样品的分解。MS实验数据表明,在共热解过程中聚乙烯的存在促进了生物质组分的分解,从而使小分子气体产物的产量增加。纤维素热解的小分子产物中H2O和CO2的产量增大;木聚糖和聚乙烯在共热解过程中会促进对方分解,H2O,CH4,H2和C2H4都有更高的产量;木质素和聚乙烯的共热解过程会促进CO,C2H4和H2的产生

烘焙对厨余垃圾堆肥特性影响

厨余垃圾数量的不断增加对环境造成了严重影响,目前厨余垃圾堆肥化产生的厨余垃圾堆肥品质较差,并且易对土壤造成污染。本文探讨厨余垃圾堆肥在五个不同烘焙温度(250℃、300℃、350℃、400℃和450℃)、停留时间30min条件下获得固体产物的燃料品质和燃烧特性。结果表明,烘焙对厨余垃圾堆肥样品燃料品质(元素分析、工业分析、热值、Cl含量、质量产率和能量产率)和燃烧特性有明显影响。随着烘焙温度的升高,烘焙固体产物的固定碳和C含量、热值等提高;Cl含量降低,可以有效抑制燃烧过程中二噁英前驱体的生成,减少二次污染。烘焙后的厨余垃圾堆肥的燃烧放热主要在固定碳燃烧阶段,总体燃烧放热量增加,燃烧特性改善。厨余垃圾堆肥的烘焙温度宜选择250~300℃。烘焙预处理对厨余垃圾堆肥燃料特性有明显的改善作用,可以实现厨余垃圾堆肥无害化、减量化和资源化利用

Application Prospect of Torrefaction in Municipal Solid Waste Pretreatment

城市生活垃圾含水率高、成分复杂、尺寸不均、处理成本高,在焚烧过程中易生成二噁英等污染物,造成二次污染,这些问题制约了其转化利用。本文简述传统垃圾预处理方式的局限性,详细介绍了烘焙预处理在生物质处理中的研究进展。经烘焙后,生物质的理化性质得到明显改善。我国城市生活垃圾可燃组分中含有大量的生物质废料,将烘焙应用到城市生活垃圾预处理技术中,可改善城市生活垃圾的理化特性,提高其热转化效率,减少二次污染,为城市生活垃圾高效清洁化利用提供了一条新途径

Preparation and Structure Analysis of Zinc SulFide Thin Film

用常规分舟热蒸发法在玻璃衬底上制备硫化锌薄膜，用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜研究该薄膜的晶体结构，发现硫化锌薄膜与流化锌粉末在晶体结构上存在差异，实验证实硫化锌晶体是具有高于性的共价键晶体。The zinc sulFide thin Films have been prepared on glass substrate by thermal evaporation with two separate boats in vacuum.AFter studing the Films with X-ray diFFraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), structures of the Film and the powder of ZnS are Found to be diFFerent.The experimental results indicate that the crystalline of the zinc sulFide is the one of covalent bond with ionicity.福建省自然科学基

~(162)Lu的高自旋态及A=160区双奇核晕态能级的符号因子反转

利用１４７￣Ｓｍ（１９￣Ｆ，４ｎγ）１６２￣Ｌｕ反应研究了１６２￣Ｌｕ的高自旋态。由７个带ＢＧＯ康普顿抑制的高纯锗探测器和一个小平面探测器进行了在束γ测量，首次建立了双奇核１６２￣Ｌｕ转晕带的能级纲图。发现在低转动频率下，１６２￣Ｌｕ的转晕带能级发生符号因子反转。对质量数Ａ＝１６０核区双音核的转晕带重新进行了分析和考察，讨论了转晕带能级符号因子反转的系统性。High-spin states in 162Lu have been roduced and studied via 147Sm (19F, 4nγ) 162Lu reaction. lh-beam γ-rays were measured by using planar detector and 7 high purityGe detectors with BGO anti-Compton Shield. The level scheme of the yrast band in 162Lu was established for the first time and the signature inversion in energy was discovered for The yrast bands of doubly odd nuclei around A=160 mass region have been reinvestegated and the systematics of signature inversinon was discussed briefly.国家教委留学回国人员科研资助费和博士后科学基金

Research progresses and prospects of microplastics in the environment

The term microplastics (MPs) refers to fine plastics less than 5 mm in size and includes primary sources from the original production of small-sized particles and secondary sources from the degradation or fragmentation of large plastics. MPs have been widely detected in marine (estuaries, bays, coastal zones, deep seas, ocean waters and sediments), soils (farmlands, urban soils, wetlands, landfill and polar areas), freshwater (lakes, rivers, reservoirs, snow and ice, and sewage treatment plants) and sediments, atmosphere (outdoor and indoor airs), living organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms, human and pet faeces), and foods (table salts, drinking waters, beers, vegetables and pet foods). Besides, MPs could be acted as the vector for many environmental pollutants, pathogens and even antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Moreover, MPs can be taken up by various terrestrial and aquatic organisms and transfer along the food chain at various trophic levels. Thus, environmental MP pollution is becoming one of the most serious threats to the Earth's surface ecosystems which has attracted serious concern and extensive research by many governments and the scientific community worldwide. Up to now, comprehensive studies and reports on the latest multidisciplinary research progress on microplastics in multiple environmental media remain limited. From the perspectives of earth sciences, chemistry, biology, and management, this article systematically reviews the research progress on the abundance, distribution and sources of microplastics in the waters, soils, atmosphere, sediments and organisms; the separation and analytical methods of microplastics in multiple environmental media; the migration and prediction of microplastics in terrestrial, marine and atmospheric environments; the surface changes and biofilm formation on microplastics and their adsorption characterization of environmental pollutants, pathogens and ARGs; the biological uptake, accumulation and ecological risks of MPs; the food chain transfer and health risks of MPs; the physico-chemical fragmentation and biodegradation of MPs in the environment and their risk reduction strategies and techniques. Finally, the key scientific issues and future research directions of environmental microplastics are also proposed in this review, such as methdology breakthroughs in separation and identification of submicron and nanoscale microplastics; comprehensive study on the distribution, migration, transport and flux of microplastics in environmental multi-media at cross-reginal and global scale; comprehensive monitoring, quantitative characterization and long-term evaluating the impacts of environmental microplastics on ecosystems; and the systematic assessment of human health risks of microplastics to different populations

~(117)Xe负宇称同质异能态寿命测量

利用在束Ｙ实验方法对~（１１７）Ｘｅ的激发态进行了延迟符合测量，从（１１７）￣Ｘｅ的４０１ｋｅＶ（１５／２－→１１／２－）和２０５ｋｅＶ（７／２－→５／２＋）两跃迁的延迟符合时间谱中，提取出Ｔ１／２＝（５９±２０）ｎｓ和（１６．５±８．０）ｎｓ两个半寿命，并将其分别指定给了１１／２．７／２两个能级。关键词国家自然科学基金,中科院“八五”重大项