On the Plaintiff Qualification of Civil Public Interest Litigation in China

在目前尚无明文法律规定的情形下，中国许多地方俨然已经开始了民事公益诉讼的法律实践。在原告资格方面，民事公益应该区别于私益，尤其是当上述两类诉讼涉及同一诉讼主体时，应从诉讼目的、诉讼请求、举证责任等严格区分两种诉讼程序，而不能混为一谈。在既有的案例中，出任民事公益诉讼原告角色的既有公益性社会团体组织，也有检察机关、行政机关等国家机关，还有自然人或其联合。民事公益诉讼原告的多元化引发人们对此类诉讼适格原告问题的深入思考，这必须首先从民事公益诉讼的社会背景和现实条件进行发掘，并对世界先进国家的法律实践予以考察和借鉴，进而才能指明法律实践和法学理论的发展方向和趋势，纠正法律实践不合理的地方、完善法学理...In China, there is no clear legal provision about civil public interest litigation in law now. However, the case of civil public interest litigation has been put into practice by the court in many places. Because of the difference between civil public interest and private interest, the qualified plaintiff should be defined according to the subject matter, the purpose, the request, the burden of pe...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：X200612004

Research of prevention and treatment of herb components HJJB compound on non-alcoholic steatohepatitisin rats induced by high-fat diet

目的:探讨中药组分HJJB方(红景天苷、姜黄素、绞股蓝总苷、白术多糖)对高脂饮食诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的防治作用。方法:采用高脂饮食14周; 诱导大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型。在造模第9周起,随机分为模型组,HJJB方高、低剂量组,罗格列酮组,灌胃给药6周。观察肝组织病理变化(HE染色); ,肝组织甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量的变化,血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)活性及TG、总胆; 固醇(TC)含量的变化。结果:模型组肝组织出现显著的肝细胞脂肪变性及空泡样变,肝组织TG、FFA含量较正常组显著升高(P<0.01),血清ALT; 、AST、GGT活性及TG、TC含量较正常组亦明显升高(P<0.01)。HJJB方高、低剂量组的上述病理改变显著减轻,肝组织TG、FFA含量及血; 清ALT、AST、 GGT、TG、TC水平显著低于模型组(P<0.01),其中HJJB方高剂量组的肝组织TG、FFA含量和血清ALT、AST、; GGT活性显著低于HJJB方低剂量组和罗格列酮组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:中药组分HJJB方对高脂饮食诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎具; 有良好的防治作用。Objective: To discuss the prevention and treatment of HJJB (salidroside,; curcumin, gypenoside and atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide); compound on non-alcoholic steatohepatitisin rats induced by high-fat; diet. Methods: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model was induced by; high-fat diet for 14 weeks. From the ninth week, the rats were randomly; divided into model group, HJJB high-dose group, HJJB low-dose group and; rosiglitazone group, and were given gavage for six weeks. The observing; items including: pathological changes of liver tissue (HE staining); the; changesof contents of liver tissue triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid; (FFA); the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate; aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and contents of; serum total cholesterol (TC) and TG. Results: Significant hepatocellular; steatosis and vacuolar degeneration were observed inthe liver tissue of; the model group. The contents of TG and FFA in liver tissue of model; group were significantly higher than those of normal group (P<0.01), and; the activities of serum ALT, AST, GGT and the contents of TG and TC of; model group were higher than those of normal group too (P<0.01). Hepatic; pathological changes in the HJJB compound high-dose, low-dose groups; were all significantly meliorated. The levels of liver TG, FFA and serum; ALT, AST, GGT, TG and TC of HJJB high-dose group, HJJB low-dose group; were significantly lower than that of model group (P<0.01). In addition,; the contents of liver TG and FFA and serum ALT, AST, GGT of HJJB; compound high-dose group were lower than those of HJJB compound low-dose; and rosiglitazone group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: HJJB compound does; well in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; induced by high-fat diet.国家自然科学基金项目; 浙江省自然科学基金项目; 浙江省中医药科技计划项

低温恒能量同步荧光法同时快速检测食品中多种多环芳烃

恒能量同步荧光法应用于多环芳烃的检测可以提高选择性,低温可使谱带呈指纹特征,提供常温光谱无法获得的光谱细节信息,有助于实现对复杂基体中多环芳烃的检测。文章结合恒能量同步荧光扫描技术与斯波斯基低温技术,建立了食品中多种多环芳烃的低温恒能量同步荧光同时快速分析方法。对低油脂样品直接用正辛烷浸泡,高油脂样品也只需要增加皂化萃取,即可进行光谱扫描来检测食品样中的多种多环芳烃。对两种类型的实际样进行加标回收实验,回收率为80.2%～98.9%,定量工作曲线线性较好(r≥0.9938)。该方法选择性好、操作简便快捷、费用低廉

Determination of Benzo(α)pyrene in Food with Microwave-Assisted Extraction

微波具有萃取效率高、加热均匀、节省时间等特点,而恒能量同步荧光法应用于多环芳烃的检测可提高选择性,导数技术又能放大窄带灵敏度,抑制宽带,改善分辨能力。本文结合恒能量同步荧光扫描技术与导数技术,采用家用微波炉,建立了食品中苯并(α)芘(bAP)的微波辅助萃取-二阶导数恒能量同步荧光法。探讨了影响微波萃取效率的主要因素,如萃取溶剂的类型及使用量、微波萃取时间及冷却时间、微波辐射功率等,并与超声萃取做了比较。对低脂肪样品直接用混合溶剂微波萃取即可进行光谱扫描检测食品中的bAP;对高脂肪样品将皂化和微波辅助萃取这两步操作同时进行,简化操作步骤,缩短样品的前处理时间,使样品的整个分析过程可在1H内完成。该方法操作简单、快速、费用低廉,已应用于实际样检测,低脂肪样品的加标回收率为90.0%~105.0%,高脂肪样品的为83.3%~94.6%,方法重现性好,结果令人满意。Coupling derivative technique and constant-energy synchronous fluorescence scanning technique,a method of determining benzo[α]pyrene in foods by second derivative constant-energy synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples was established using domestic microwave oven.The main factors of influencing the efficiency of microwave extraction were discussed,including the extraction solvent types and amounts,the microwave extraction time,microwave radiation power and cooling time.And the comparison with ultrasonic extraction was made.Low-fat food samples,which were just microwave-extracted with mixed-solvents,could be analyzed immediately by the spectrofluorimetric technique.For high-fat food samples,microwave-assisted saponification and extraction were made at the same time,thus simplifying operation steps and reducing sample analysis time.So the whole sample analysis process could be completed within one hour.This method was simple, rapid and inexpensive.In consequence,it was applied to determine benzo(α)pyrene in food with good reproducibility and the recoveries of benzo(α)pyrene ranged from 90.0%to 105.0%for the low fat samples and 83.3%to 94.6%for high-fat samples.国家自然科学基金项目(21127005;20975084); 福建省科技重点项目(2009Y0046)资

基于蒸散遥感反演的全国地表缺水分区

本文采用日本GMS静止气象卫星数据进行遥感反演,提取地表实际蒸散量(E)和潜在蒸散量(Ep),据此计算出表征地表缺水程度的指标——SWDI。在GIS的支持下,通过数理统计和空间统计分析"自下而上"的对全国地表缺水状况进行分区。通过分析,全国可划分为5大缺水层次的分区,对比发现全国普遍缺水,不缺水区主要集中在南部沿海,且所占比重较小。全国缺水层次区域的划分,可为区域经济发展,环境保护以及各种国家或区域方针政策的制定提供科学依据

Determination of Benzo[a]Pyrene in Vegetables and Grain Products by Derivative Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy

结合导数恒能量同步荧光扫描技术,采用标准加入法定量检测,导数基线校正法处理数据,建立了一种蔬菜及谷物制品中苯并（α）芘的荧光快速检测方法。一般样品仅需简单超声萃取,深色蔬菜及在370 nm左右有干扰峰的谷物制品也只需增加微波皂化步骤,即可进行光谱扫描。对实际样品高（10μg/kg）、中（5.0μg/kg）、低（1.0μg/kg）浓度的加标回收率在84.2%~103.2%之间,方法重现性好,各类样品的检出限为0.17~0.55μg/kg,标准加入法工作曲线线性范围为0.034~50μg/L。该方法样品前处理简单,无需复杂的纯化分离步骤,适用于蔬菜及谷物制品中苯并（α）芘的快速分析测定。Coupling derivative constant-energy synchronous fluorescence scanning technique with standard addition method and derivative baseline correction for data procession, a rapid and sensitive quantitative detection method for benzo[ α ]pyrene in vegetables and grain products was established. Simple uhrasnnic extraction was the only pretreatment procedure for general samples, and the dark vegetable and grain samples which had interference peak at 370 nm should be pre-processed with saponification before the analysis. It was applied to determine benzo[ α]pyrene in vegetables and grain products with good reproducibility and the recoveries of different spiking concentrations （10, 5.0, 1.0 μ g/kg） ranged from 84.2%-103.2%. The limits of detection were between 0.17-0.55 μ g/kgwith linear range from 0.034-50 IX g/L. This method was simple, rapid, inexpensive and accurate without complex purification separation steps. It was suitable to the rapid determination of benzo[ α ]pyrene in vegetables and grain products.福建省科技重点项目（2009Y0046）,复杂基体干扰食品中强致癌苯并芘快速筛查技术;福建省卫生厅青年科研课题（2015-2-56）

利用S-G滤波进行MODIS-EVI时间序列数据重构

采用S-G滤波方法对MOD13A2-EVI自2001~2007年间数据进行时间序列重构,以达到去云、消除离异值的目的,从而提高数据质量及可信度。对比重构前后数据发现,重构后的EVI数据在空间上更加一致,在时间维度上时序数据年间变化更加稳定

A Spectral Microplane Model for the Anisotropic Damage Behavior of Shales

The development of constitutive models for shales has been a challenge for decades due to the difficulty of characterizing the strongly anisotropic macroscopic behavior related to the inherent mesostructure and damage mechanisms. In this paper, a spectral microplane damage model is developed for the anisotropic damage behavior of shales. The modeling challenge of the anisotropic elasticity in the microplane model is theoretically overcome by the spectral decomposition theory without limitation on the degree of the anisotropy compared with other microplane models. The stiffness tensor of anisotropic shales is effectively decomposed into four different eigenmodes with the activation of certain groups of microplanes corresponding to the specific orientation of the applied stresses. The inherent and the induced anisotropic behavior is thus characterized by proposing suitable microplane relations on certain eigenmodes directly reflecting the initial mesostructure and the failure mechanisms. For the challenge of the postpeak softening behavior, two-scalar damage variables are introduced to characterize the tensile and the shear damage related to the opening and the closure of microcracks under different stress conditions. Comparison between numerical simulation and experimental data shows that the proposed model provides satisfactory predictions for both weakly and highly anisotropic shales including prepeak nonlinear behavior, failure strengths, and postpeak softening under different confining pressures and different bedding plane orientations.</p