中国高科技企业创业网络的发展状况——以厦门市高新区为例进行的调查

通过对厦门市高新区的实证调查,发现我国高科技企业的创业网络发展具有意识弱、质量差和层次低的特点,并针对中国科技企业孵化器的建设问题提出了相应的建议

Environmental Protection,Group Pressure or Interests Relatedness?

根据2008年在厦门市收集到的问卷调查数据,本文分析了厦门市居民参与PX环境运动的动机。分析表明,居民的参与行为可以分为信息性参与、诉求性参与和抗争性参与三种类型;社会动机是影响居民各类参与行为最为显著的共同因素;一般环保动机会影响信息性参与,自利动机和厦门环保动机可以促进诉求性参与,而自利动机会影响抗争性参与。厦门PX环境运动具有“群体动员“的特点。厦门居民参与PX环境运动只体现出浅层的公民性,非政府组织的功能缺失是造成这一局面的重要深层原因之一。Drawing upon the data collected between February and March 2008 in Xiamen City,this paper analyzes the motivations of Xiamen citizens who participated in the PX environmental protection movement.It reveals that participation can be categorized into three types:information-related,appeal-related and resistance-related.That social motivation is the most salient factor affecting all types of participation.In addition,the general environmental-protection motivation has an impact on the information-related participation,the self-interest motivation and the environmental-protection-of-Xiamen motivation will enhance the appeal-related participation,and the self-interest motivation will effect the resistance-related participation.The PX environmental movement has appeared a characteristic of mass mobilization;citizen participation into the PX movement has merely revealed a rudimentary civility,and the functional absence of NGOs is an important element leading to this situation.国家社科基金项目(04CSH004)资助---

“限塑令”实施效果的差异性案例研究

“限塑令“实施的初衷经济手段在调节人们的环境行为时起到了一定的积极作用,这在超市里反应比较明显。而农贸市场由于其政策执行上的现实困难,从而使“限塑令“成为一纸空文。影响“限塑令“实施的相关因素主要有:政策本身制定的不完善,管理上的多头领导,塑料袋可替代品的局限性,公众的环保意识不强以及不同消费群体的客观需求

Research on facial spectrum and color characteristics of five-zang disease status

目的:观察疾病状态人群面色光谱色度情况,为疾病状态五脏病评价提供可供依据。方法:采用日产柯尼卡美能达CM-2600d分光测色仪,观测健康组(183例)、疾病组(370例)额部、眉间部、鼻部、下颏、左右颧部、左右眼胞8处明亮度l、红光度A、黄光度b、饱和度C值及波长段(400~700nM)下的面色反射率值等指标,并据中医理论对疾病状态进行五脏病位分析。结果:疾病组l值显著低于健康组,b、C值均显著高于健康组;疾病组各波长段下反射率显著低于健康状态组(P<0.05)。疾病组除左右眼胞外的6个位点间的l、A、b、C值有显著性差异(P<0.05),不同点位有其特异性的色度变化特征。疾病组五脏病各组光谱色度特征比较有显著差异(P<0.05),结果与中医面部脏腑五色理论在一定程度上相符合。结论:运用光谱色度测定方法,可以作为诊断疾病状态五脏病的重要指标。Objective: To observe disease status facial spectrum and color,providing good quantitative basis for disease assessment.Methods: We gathered the facial color information in health(183) and disease groups(370) including L,a,b,C values and reflection of different wavelengths in 400-700nm with CM-2600D spectral photometric color measuring instrument on 8 points including frontal part,glabellas nose,mandible two cheeks and eye cells and analysized disease status five-zang positioning according to the principle of TCM syndrome differentiation.Results: L value of Disease group was lower than health status group and b,C values were higher than health status group,reflection of different wavelengths of disease group were lower than health group(P<0.05).6 points in disease group between loci L,a,b,C values with varying degrees of significant differences(P<0.05).Different point had its own specificity facial complexion variation characteristics.Facial spectrum and color of each five-zang disease group had significant difference through comparion of facial complexion.To a certain extent the result was consistent with TCM facial organs Five-color theory.Conclusion: There existed diagnostic value in distinguishing five-zang disease status in some degree by spectral photometric color measuring technique.国家科技支撑计划(No.2012BAI37B06);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(No.2008AA02Z407);国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.30873463;No.81173200);国家自然基金青年项目(No.81102558);上海市重点学科(第三期)建设项目(No.S30302;No.S30303)---

Frequency and distribution of AP-1 sites in the human genome

The AP-1-binding sequences are promoter/enhancer elements that play an essential role in the induction of many genes in mammalian cells; however, the number of genes containing AP-1 sites remains unknown. In order to better address the overall effect of AP-1 on expression of genes encoded by the entire genome, a genome-wide analysis of the frequency and distribution of AP-1 sites would be useful; yet to date, no such analysis of AP-1 sites or any other promoter/enhancer elements has been performed. We present here our study of the consensus AP-1 site and two single-bp variants showing that the frequency of AP-1 sites in promoter regions is significantly lower than their average rate of occurrence in the whole genomic sequence, as well as the frequency of a random heptanucleotide suggesting that nature has selected for a decrease in the frequency of AP-1 sites in the regulatory regions of genes. In addition, genes containing multiple AP-1 sites are more prevalent than those containing only one copy of an AP-1 site, which again may have evolved to allow for greater signal amplification or integration in the regulation of AP-1 target genes. However, the number of AP-1-regulated genes identified in various studies is far smaller than the number of genes containing potential AP-1 sites, indicating that not all AP-1 sites are activated in a given cell under a given condition, and is consistent with the prediction by others that cellular context determines which AP-1 sites are targeted by AP-1

Determinants that control the specific interactions between TAB1 and p38α

Previous studies have revealed that transforming growth factor-beta-activated protein kinase 1 (TAB1) interacts with p38 alpha and induces p38 alpha autophosphorylation. Here, we examine the sequence requirements in TAB1 and p38 alpha that drive their interaction. Deletion and point mutations in TAB1 reveal that a proline residue in the C terminus of TAB1 (Pro412) is necessary for its interaction with p38 alpha. Furthermore, a cryptic D-domain-like docking site was identified adjacent to the N terminus of Pro412, putting Pro412 in the (phi(B)+3 position of the docking site. Through mutational analysis, we found that the previously identified hydrophobic docking groove in p38 alpha is involved in this interaction, whereas the CD domain and ED domain are not. Furthermore, chimeric analysis with p38 beta (which does not bind to TAB1) revealed a previously unidentified locus of p38 alpha comprising Thr218 and Ile275 that is essential for specific binding of p38 alpha to TAB1. Converting either of these residues to the corresponding amino acid of p380 abolishes p38 alpha interaction with TAB1. These p38a mutants still can be fully activated by p38 alpha upstream activating kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6, but their basal activity and activation in response to some extracellular stimuli are reduced. Adjacent to Thr218 and Ile275 is a site where large conformational changes occur in the presence of docking-site peptides derived from p38 alpha substrates and activators. This suggests that TAB1-induced autophosphorylation of p38 alpha results from conformational changes that are similar but unique to those seen in p38 alpha interactions with its substrates and activating kinases

慢性疲劳患者中医常见证候要素研究

目的　从证候要素角度探讨慢性疲劳(CF) 的常见中医证型。方法　通过流行病学调查收集CF 患者, 自拟《慢性疲劳调 查问卷》进行匿名问卷调查, 统计分析其证候要素的分布情况。结果　调查的有效样本2 958 例, CF 患者782 例, 占26144% , 中医各 证候要素频数按从多到少排列依次是脾虚证、心虚证、肝郁证、气虚证、血虚证、肾虚证、血瘀证、阳虚证、肺虚证、痰浊证; 其中慢性 疲劳综合征(CFS) 为174 例占5188% , 原发性慢性疲劳( ICF) 为608 例占20156% , ICF 发病率明显高于CFS, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0105)。CFS 的证候要素组合形式主要集中在两证～ 四证组合, ICF 的证候要素组合形式主要集中在单证～ 三证组合。结论　CF 的常见中医证候要素是脾虚证、心虚证、肝郁证和气虚证, 中医病机包括虚实两方面, 病位与脾、心、肝关系密切。国家高技术研究发展计划(“863 ”计划) 资助项目 (2008AA 02Z407

WZX 舌色分析系统在胃病患者舌像信息处理中的应用

为探讨不同证型、不同病种胃病患者的舌像特征,应用自主开发的WZX 舌色分析系统,对343 例胃病患者的舌像进行信息处理。实验结果表明,肝胃不和证及脾胃湿热证患者的舌质H 值向红色偏移,胃络瘀血证患者的舌质H值向蓝色(紫色) 偏移;胃络瘀血证与脾胃虚寒证,胃络瘀血证与肝胃不和证,胃络瘀血证与脾胃湿热证患者舌质H 值有显著差异( P < 0105) ;肝胃不和证与脾胃湿热证,肝胃不和证与胃阴虚证,肝胃不和证与脾胃虚寒证患者白苔H 值有显著差异( P < 0105)

基于随机森林法的慢性疲劳证候要素特征症状的选择

目的对慢性疲劳(CF)进行中医证候要素特征症状的提取。方法采用流行病学整群抽样调查法,选择福建省闽南地区的部分高校、中学、小学与医院的CF患者782例,填写《慢性疲劳中医临床症状分级量化表》。记录患者症状、舌象和脉象等临床资料,对临床资料进行中医证候要素的诊断。引入随机森林方法 ,对该表中的95个症状进行编码,选取CF常见证候要素的主要症状并衡量症状对各证候要素的贡献程度。结果得到CF4个证候要素的症状集。脾虚证:食后腹胀或午后腹胀,食欲减退,面色萎黄,大便溏泄,消瘦;心虚证:心悸,胸闷,脉细,失眠或多梦,健忘;肝郁证:急躁易怒或抑郁寡欢,喜叹息,口苦,咽干,脉弦;气虚证:舌胖或有齿痕,气短喘促,少气懒言,自汗。将上述症状集作为模型输入,各模型预测准确率分别为96.13%、94.75%、95.89%、94.26%。结论随机森林方法对CF证候要素具有良好的分类性能,CF主要包含脾虚证、心虚证、肝郁证和气虚证4类常见证候要素,每类证候具有特征性症状体系

A Medical Image Color Correction Method Based on Supervised Color Constancy

提出了一种室内自然光条件下的医学图像采集分析的“拓扑剖分-还原“(TrM)模型。该模型根据医学图像颜色特征,应用自制的彩色、灰度色标作为校正的监督色,在lAb(l*A*b*均匀色空间,简称lAb)色空间分别对一维l*空间和二维A*b*空间进行“拓扑剖分-影射还原“,并采用分段校正法进行l*值的校正,采用三角形拓扑剖分-重心逼近法进行A*b*值的校正。通过对不同条件下22幅图像的198个色块的校正结果显示,与白平衡校正比较,TrM模型校正后Δl*、ΔC*和ΔE明显降低(P<0.01),校正后图像色差更小,颜色与饱和度值更接近真实值。TrM模型校正方法能明显降低自然光条件下医学图像的色差,具有良好的颜色校正效果。This paper presents a medical image acquisition and analysis methodTRM(Topology Resolve-Map) Model-under natural light condition indoors.Firstly,in accordance to medical image color characteristics,a colorful and grayscale color control patch was made fou use as supervised color."Topology Resolve-Map-Restoration" was carried on in LAB color space of the one-dimensional L* space and the two-dimensional a*b* space.Then,L* value was regulated by subsection regulation and a*b* value was regulated by triangulation topological cutting close in on center of gravity method.After correction of the 198 color blocks in 22 pictures,the results showed that,by comparison with the standard value,the ΔL*,ΔC* and ΔE decreased significantly(P<0.01) after correction by TRM.After correction,the difference in image's color is reduced,the color saturation is improved and the value is closer to true value.TRM model can significantly reduce the color difference of the medical image under natural light condition;it has a good effect on color correction.国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助(2008AA02Z407);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30873463;30300443);上海市重点学科资助项目(S30302