Research and Implement on adjuvant therapy instrument for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

睑板腺功能障碍是蒸发过强型干眼症的主因，在我国有着很高的发病率。本文针对睑板腺功能障碍治疗中的最重要步骤——热敷和睑板腺按摩，进行机电一体化研究，设计并初步实现了一种用于睑板腺功能障碍的辅助治疗仪。 通过对常见辊式按摩的研究，发现了其设计缺陷，并据此提出了一种基于反相半辊滚压原理和包络按摩原理的改进按摩方式。根据人体工效学的要求，以人眼部数据的统计均值作为参考基准，按照所提出的两种按摩原理，分别设计出了符合正常人眼轮廓和结构的按摩机芯和包络扫掠结构。同时设计了一种瞳距调整机构，用以满足治疗仪器对于不同病人的适用性。 以医用级TPU为材质，设计和制造出外形可与按摩结构相搭配的气囊层。气囊层能...Meibomian gland Dysfunction is the main reason of evaporative dry eye which has a high morbidity in our country. This article did research on electromechanical integration for the most important steps in MGD treatment, which consists of compress and Meibomian gland massage, designed an adjuvant treatment instrument for MGD and got a primary implementation. An extrusion method using anti-phase mas...学位：工学硕士院系专业：物理与机电工程学院_机械工程学号：1992011115281

On the vanishing resistivity limit for the compressible MHD equations

本文考虑一维柱对称可压缩MHD方程在环形区域上的初边值问题.首先，证明大初值整体强解的存在唯一性;其次，研究具有重要物理应用背景的零磁扩散极限(或称“磁冻结”极限)，给出了解的收敛速度，并由此得到零磁扩散MHD方程的大初值整体适定性。This paper is concerned with an initial-boundary value problem of the onedimensional compressible isentropic MHD equations with cylindrical symmetry. Firstly, the global well-posedness of strong solution with large date is established. Secondly, the non-resistive limit is justified and the convergence rates are obtained. As a by-product, the global well-posedness of the compressible non-resistive ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：数学科学学院_基础数学学号：1902013115265

On the Innovation of Administration in Chinese Traditional Manufacture Industry——Take Small and Medium Tradition Labor-Intensive Enterprise as Example

摘要：20世纪80—90年代以来，企业组织内外环境发生了许多深刻的变化，面临着许多前所未有的新情况、新问题，管理领域也随之出现了许多新的理论和新的方法，管理创新已成为理论界和企业管理实践者探讨的热点课题之一。随着经济全球化进程的加快，要保持企业持续、稳定发展，增强自身的竞争优势，应对日趋激烈的市场竞争,其动力在于不断创新。在我国，企业发展总体水平还相对低下，技术落后、企业制度不健全是不争的事实，但管理理论落伍、观念陈旧、手段落后也是不容忽视的重要问题，因此，要使得企业具有旺盛的生命力，除了要不断推动技术创新和制度创新外，管理创新也是重要的课题之一。我国传统制造企业，历史相对悠久，曾为我国国民经...Abstract: Since 1980-90s, as the inner and outer circumstance of the enterprise changed greatly, facing lots of different situation and problems never existed before, innovative theories and methods developed subsequently in administration domain and innovation of administration has become one of the heated subjects pursued by theorists and administrators of enterprises. With the acceleration of e...学位：管理学硕士院系专业：管理学院企业管理系_企业管理(含财务管理、市场营销、人力资源管理)学号：0K041406

乳腺围手术期抗生素的使用状况分析

对某院2009年1月~2009年12月全年210例乳腺手术患者围手术期抗生素应用进行回顾性调查,以了解乳腺手术患者围手术期抗生素应用现状及合理性。210例患者中71例(33.81%)的患者未使用抗生素,139例(66.19%)使用了抗生素进行预防性抗感染,其中70.50%的患者使用头孢类抗生素;97.12%的患者在手术后24h停止抗生素的使用;应严格掌握手术预防用药指征;选择适当的抗生素进行围手术期预防;限制手术后期用药时间;定期对手术患者用药进行监测;加强抗生素的监督管理〔1〕

A Meibomian Gland Massage Mechanism for Upper and Lower Eyelids Based on Anti-phase Rolling and Enveloping Movement

在睑板腺功能障碍的治疗过程中,睑板腺按摩是一种有效的辅助治疗手段。该文针对传统的机械辅助按摩结构中的缺陷进行了改进,提出了一种基于反相按摩辊滚压和包络原理的按摩机构,以提高阻塞物排出顺畅度和提高按摩区域覆盖率,最终达到提高辅助治疗效果的目的。同时,针对机构中电机受尺寸影响较大的情况,对运转过程中输入动力与输出载荷和损耗进行了评估计算,初步验证了所设计机构的可行性。During the course of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD) treatment, meibomian gland massage is an effective auxiliary method.Based on an extrusion method using anti-phase massage rollers and a theory on envelope plane, a massage mechanism was proposed in this paper for the defect of the traditional mechanical assist massage structure to discharge obstruction of Meibomian gland more smoothly and to enlarge massage coverage.Meanwhile, for the case that the power of motor was significantly limited by size, an evaluation, about the input, output and loss, was carried out to initially verify the feasibility of the designed mechanism

Research of Flexible Gasbag Hot Compress Therapy of Meibomian Gland Massage Using Carbon Fiber

睑板腺功能障碍是引发干眼症的主要原因之一。睑板腺按摩配合热敷是一种治疗睑板腺功能障碍的有效辅助手段。该文针对自主设计的辊式睑板腺按摩仪,对其柔性气囊的热敷方式进行设计。采用碳纤维作为电发热丝,构成与柔性基材集成的电路,并配合控制电路,实现了对气囊的加热和温度控制。同时,研究了气囊与碳纤维的集成工艺,利用热压技术实现了碳纤维和柔性TPu薄膜的紧密结合,而不会影响按摩仪的按摩效果。该方法还可应用到其他以柔性材料为基材实现热敷的医疗器械中。Meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD) is one of the main reasons for dry eye and Meibomian gland massage with hot compress therapy is an effective adjutant therapy for MGD.Based on the self-designed meibomian gland massager, a method of heating is designed with flexible gasbag in this paper.With control circuit and flexible circuit made of carbon fiber, as electric heating wire, it's able to heat the gasbag and control the temperature.An integrated technology for gasbag and carbon fiber which using hot-pressing to make TPU and carbon fibers fit closely together, will not have influence on the massage.According to this, this technology is applicable for other medical devices with flexible material and hot compress therapy

Sodium/calcium exchanger inhibitor SN-6 rescued heart dysfunction and cell death in calcium paradox

目的评价钠-钙交换体选择性抑制剂Sn-6对钙矛盾处理造成离体灌注大鼠心脏功能障碍和心肌细胞死亡的影响。方法离体心脏先后经历3 MIn无钙液、30 MIn有钙液灌注即钙矛盾处理,实验同步监测左室功能,并检测复钙期冠脉流出液乳酸脱氢酶(ldH)含量与实验结束时存活心肌组织面积的大小。结果钙矛盾处理使得左室功能丧失,表现为左室舒张末压(lVEdP)显著抬高,左心室发展压(lVdP)、心室压力变化最大速率(±dP/dT)为0;心脏几乎不存在活性组织;于无钙液灌注前2 MIn、无钙液灌注期和复钙后前5 MIn给予10μMOl/l Sn-6处理后,lVEdP显著降低,lVdP和±dP/dT明显恢复,心肌损伤面积缩小,ldH释放减少;Sn-6处理的对照心脏于灌流结束时左室功能没有显著改变。结论 Sn-6具有减轻钙矛盾处理造成的心功能损害,增加细胞存活的作用,提示钠-钙交换体是钙矛盾损伤的关键分子。Objective The present study was to observe the effect of sodium /calcium exchanger inhibitor SN-6 on heart dysfunction and cell death induced by calcium paradox.Methods Calcium paradox in isolated heart was elicited by 3-min calcium depletion followed by 30-min calcium repletion in the absence or presence of 10 μmol/L SN-6,an inhibitor of sodium/calcium exchanger.Cardiac function was monitored,and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release during calcium repletion and infarct size was measured.Results Upon calcium repletion,the heart deteriorated,exhibiting a marked depression in cardiac function,an enlarged infarct size and an increase in LDH release.These changes were significantly attenuated by SN-6.SN-6 had no effect on cardiac performance at the end of perfusion under control conditions.Conclusion The results demonstrate that SN-6 rescues heart dysfunction and cell death in calcium paradox.It also indicates that sodium/calcium exchanger is a key molecule in the injury.国家自然科学基金(30971196

System Design and Control Method Research of Single Port Laparoscopy Robot

单孔手术由单一创口向腹腔置入多个器械开展手术，相比传统的多孔腔镜手术具有更加微创、恢复快、以及手术美容等诸多优点。但依赖于传统硬性腔镜器械的单孔腔镜手术存在“直线视野、操作三角丧失、器械干涉”等诸多难题。在多孔腹腔镜手术领域，达芬奇手术机器人已经取得了巨大的成功，单孔腔镜手术也必然朝着机器人化操作的方向迈进。与达芬奇手术机器人相比，单孔手术机器人具有操作灵巧度高、集成度高、可适应狭窄腔道等诸多优点，具有良好的临床应用前景和竞争力。本文是在国家重点研发计划、国家自然基金以及中国科学院等相关项目的资助下，进行单孔手术机器人的系统设计与精准控制方法研究。从系统总体设计、连续体手术臂构型创成、力学建模与运动控制等多个方面开展了深入研究，最终搭建起了单孔手术机器的样机，并进行相关实验验证与任务操作，验证所提出的设计与方法的可行性。进行了单孔手术机器人的本体结构设计。设计了三种连续体机器人的骨架结构：第一种是镍钛切槽弹性铰链骨架结构，可以实现骨架大变形的同时保证整体的连续变形，较好的平衡了机器人的末端负载能力与灵巧性。第二种是关节型连续体骨架，可以在较短尺寸下具有较好的灵活性。第三种是十字交叉盘式骨架，具有较好弯曲性能与轴向抗压缩能力，比较适用于类似镍钛丝等驱动与骨架复合型连续体机器人中。最后进行了外部悬挂机械臂的构型设计，设计了模块化手术臂，并进行了集成驱动机构设计，实现手术器械术中可更换，最终搭建起了单孔手术机器人的样机。对连续体机器人的力学驱动进行了建模研究。首先针对连续体机器人中常用的腱鞘驱动力学传递特性进行了分析，在经典的腱鞘驱动力学模型的基础上，对驱动过程中的驱动速度以及腱鞘直径比对力学传递的影响进行了研究，并对模型进行了修正，提出了一种考虑腱鞘直径比的力学传递模型，最终进行了相关的实验验证。随后对关节型连续体骨架进行力学驱动建模，在考虑摩擦内力的条件下对每个关节建立力与力矩平衡方程，求解弯曲的关节角度。该模型可以模拟弯曲和恢复过程中滞回现象，提高了建模精度，同时具有较好的计算效率。最后对镍钛切槽弹性铰链连续体骨架基于Cosserat梁理论进行了建模，通过求解连续体中柔性梁的静力学、运动学以及本构模型三组常微分方程组，可以求解出柔性梁的弯曲变形，并获得整个连续体的形状。通过实验验证了模型在三维空间中末端位置与指向具有较好的精度。并基于梁模型对切槽参数进行了优化设计，使得连续体结构在弯曲过程中能够尽量接近圆弧，可以提高控制精度。设计了一种两段型连续体机器人，具有7个自由度，以两段镍钛切槽连续体骨架串联组成。采用常曲率模型建立了机器人的正运动学，基于逆雅可比的控制方法建立机器人的逆运动学学控制。基于运动学模型，以连续体机器人的操作灵活性为目标，以关节形变能力为约束，提出了一种优化设计连续体机构形变段几何参数的方法。最后进行了相关实验，测试机器人的控制精度。提出了一种联动型的连续体机器人构型方案，可以实现多段连续体间的驱动解耦和末端位置与姿态控制解耦，并且在驱动与骨架复合型连续体机器人中可以实现由远及近的刚度加强，能够提高末端负载能力。基于该构型采用十字交叉盘式骨架，以镍钛丝作为驱动腱，设计实现了一款联动型连续体机器人。基于常曲率模型建立了机器人的正运动学，并且基于机器人的末端位置与姿态解耦特性，求解了其解析逆运动学。最后进行了相关实验，验证了联动构型的多段驱动解耦能力以及基于解析逆运动学的控制精度。进行单孔手术机器人的系统集成与实验。搭建了单孔手术机器人的软硬件平台，并基于7自由度主手设计绝对式与增量式两种主从映射的控制方法。进行了主从操作的控制精度实验，对连续体机器人的重复定位精度与末端指向精度进行了测试，对机器人的负载能力进行了测试。最后进行了套圈、缝合、打结等典型腹腔手术训练操作任务，充分验证了本文所研究的方法和结构的可行性。综上所述，本文主要是进行了单孔手术机器人的系统结构设计与控制方法研究。包括连续体机器人的构型设计、力学建模与运动学建模控制，最终形成了一套单孔手术机器人系统，并进行了相关的实验验证本文所设计的结构与提出的方法的可行性。本文的研究工作对单孔手术机器人的理论研究与工程化实现具有重要的参考意义，在单孔手术机器人面向临床应用的道路上又向前推进了一步

Salty food brings obesity The effect of saltiness on calorie estimation

随着食品与健康越来越受社会的关注, 影响消费者对食物热量估计的因素也成为了营销学者感兴趣的问题。本文基于感官营销领域的联结理论,; 首次探讨了与食物紧密相关的口味--咸味--对食物热量感知的影响, 4组实验表明咸味降低了个体对食物健康程度的感知,; 从而提高了个体对食物热量的估计。实验1采用食物品尝任务发现了咸味提高食物热量估计的主效应。实验2选取普通大众样本,; 检验了主效应的稳健性和外部效度, 同时发现感知健康程度的中介作用。实验3通过操纵对食盐健康与否的认知,; 进一步验证了本文假设的理论机制。实验4发现有害品/有益品的调节作用, 对于有害品, 咸淡口味对食物热量估计的影响作用消失。Consumer's calorie estimation plays an important role in food; consumption choices. However, calorie estimation is often objective and; biased based on many factors. One of the most important factors is; saltiness. Hardly any studies exist to show the influence of saltiness; on food consumption. While the association of saltiness and; unhealthiness is obvious in daily life routines, it is very likely to; have an effect on calorie estimation. The purpose of this study is to; examine the effect of saltiness on calorie estimation. We conducted four; studies to examine our hypothesis. We adopted a laboratorial food taste; task in study 1. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups; (saltiness: strong vs. weak). They were asked to estimate the calorie; content of the peanuts after eating them. The stimuli in two groups were; the same except for the salt content. In order to examine the robustness; of the effect among different age-groups and people from different; regions, we enlarged our sampling to include young adults and elders,; northerners and southerners in study 2. Participants were randomly; assigned into two groups (saltiness: strong vs. weak) then they were; shown a description of the type of food. Additionally, the mediating; role of perceived healthiness is tested in study 2. We manipulated the; healthy perception of salt in study 3 to test the mechanism indirectly.; In the manipulated group, the participants were shown a report implying; that salt could benefit us, while in the control group, the report; showed that a smile was healthy. In study 4, we examined further the; moderating role of food category as well as the mediating role of; perceived healthiness in the effect of saltiness on calorie estimation; with a 2 (saltiness: strong vs. weak) * 2 (food category: healthy vs.; unhealthy) between subject design. Participants were randomly divided; into 4 groups and showed a description of food (e.g., chips mixed with; salt). In all studies, participants needed to estimate the calorie; content of the food described. As predicted, we found that consumer's; estimation in calorie would significantly increase when food was; saltier. The effect is robust among different age groups as well as; participants from Southern China and Northern China. Nevertheless, when; salt was primed to be a healthy element to our body, the increase of; calorie estimation in saltier food no longer existed. Moreover, food; categories played a moderating role. Consumers were more likely to; overestimate the number of calories in saltier healthy food than in; unhealthy ones. Furthermore, the results showed that participants; perceived healthiness mediate the effect of saltiness in calorie; estimation. As perceived healthiness increased, consumers' estimation of; calorie increased as well. The mediating effect existed only in healthy; foods. These results enrich literature regarding calorie estimation.; First, this study explored the field of taste in which it is the most; related factor in food consumption. Secondly, it added the evidence that; calorie estimation is irrational and easily biased due to salt itself; contains zero calories. Third, we examined the perceived healthiness as; a mechanism to the effect. Moreover, this study has shown some insight; for companies. By making food products less salty, sales may increase; not only because it may seem healthier to consumers but it may also; cause consumers to underestimate the amount calorie intake.国家自然科学基金项目; 中国博士后科学基金项目面上一

Essays in information noise and information acquisition in communication games

This thesis consists of three independent studies. The first study works on the effect of confirmatory bias. The second study analyses the effect of ambiguity in the communication. The third study discusses two-sender cheap talk model with endogenous information acquisition. In the first study, it develops formulations to capture the effects of confirmatory bias in two-sender models. In these models, the information obtained by the two senders is conditionally independent and endogenously determined by their investment choices. Based on the investment levels they choose, the senders strategically direct messages to the receiver. This studies main purpose is to explore the effects of confirmatory bias in different models by comparing the differences in senders' investment incentives with and without the existence of confirmatory bias. Rather than having an exclusively negative influence on the players, as commonly believed, the results of this study suggest that it is also possible for confirmatory bias to be beneficial. In the second study, the term \ambiguity" is narrowly defined as the phenomenon whereby a message is changed because of factors that cannot be controlled by the players. The results show that ambiguity has positive effects that can improve the truth-telling probability and utility of both players. These effects are observed when different cost types are applied. The positive effect of ambiguity generates a preference for ambiguity among the players. This strong effect on the improvement of truth-telling holds even when the sender's type is assumed to be uncertain. Overall, the results demonstrate the strong power of ambiguity in communication and that this power is beneficial for both players. This study provides theoretical support for making use of the inevitable ambiguity in communication, which can help people improve their payoffs. In the third study, it examines a two-sender cheap talk model in a one-dimensional setting, in which two experts with either the same or opposite preferences choose their levels of investment in information, and communicate with an uninformed decision maker. The information obtained by the two experts is conditionally independent and affected by the investment levels chosen by the experts. After investing, the experts report favourable information and can cheat at some cost if unfavourable signals are observed. When the senders communicate with the receiver simultaneously, the original expert tends to increase his investment in information acquisition if the second non-strategic expert has the opposite bias, and decrease it if he is biased in the same direction. If the agents play a cheap talk game as described in this paper, the cheating decisions made by two oppositely biased senders are strategically complementary. Their investment levels are also strategically complementary as long as some strict conditions are satisfied. Conversely, when the two senders have the same preference, both their cheating decisions and their investment choices appear to be strategically complementary, with no further restrictions. The findings show that in the cheap talk model with endogenous information acquisition, the relationship between the two senders strategies is dependent on their preference relationship.published_or_final_versionEconomics and FinanceDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph