Graphene Quantum Dots Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Polypyrrole as Supercapacitor Electrode

通过将吡咯单体在低温下与石墨烯量子点进行原位聚合，获得一种全新的聚吡咯/石墨烯量子点（PPY/GQD）复合材料. 实验中采用了扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外（FT-IR）和热重（TGA）对复合物的表面形貌、结构进行表征. 结果表明，吡咯单体以石墨烯量子点为软模板，以化学键的方式在石墨烯量子点的表面聚合生长成片状聚吡咯. 通过机械冷压法将粉末状PPY/GQD复合物压成圆片电极，电极的电化学测试结果表明，PPY和GQD质量比为50:1所制得的复合物的电容量为485 F·g-1，同时在两千次循环之后电容量只降低了大约2%. 通过与同比例的PG（聚吡咯/石墨烯复合材料）以及纯PPY对比，发现聚吡咯/石墨烯量子点的高比容量及优异的循环稳定性将会使其在电化学超级电容器领域中具有的潜在的应用价值.With an objective to develop electrode materials with high specific capacitance and good stability, a completely new nanocomposite of Polypyrrole (PPY) and graphene quantum dots (GQD) was successfully obtained through in-situ polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of GQD suspension. The obtained composites with different mass ratios were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). GQD enhanced electrochemical performance of PPY and, as supercapacitor electrodes, the PPY/GQD composites with the mass ratio of PPY to GQD at 50:1 showed a competitive specific capacitance of 485 F·g-1 at a scan rate of 0.005 V·s-1. The attenuation of the specific capacitance is about 2% after 2000 cycles. The high specific capacitance and good stability of the PPY/GQD nanocomposites are promising for applications in electrochemical supercapacitors.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20906055), National “973 Program” (No. 2010CB933900), and the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (No. 2060204).This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20906055), National “973 Program” (No. 2010CB933900), and the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (No. 2060204).作者联系地址：上海交通大学微纳科学技术研究院，上海 200240Author's Address: Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

不同保水固沙措施对沙培番茄生长和基质环境的影响

针对我国荒漠化危害严重,不利于植物种植等系列问题,以番茄为试验材料,结合纸膜、保水剂、生物基固沙剂等不同保水固沙措施,分析各处理下基质的理化性质以及番茄的生物学性状,以探明各处理对沙地环境的改善效果及对番茄生长的影响,为沙漠的防治及沙产业的发展提供参考。结果表明:瓦楞纸处理显著提高了番茄果实的有机酸、可溶性糖含量,分别比CK高27. 78%、8. 87%,其pH值比CK高0. 89,速效氮含量是CK的40倍;牛皮纸处理20~40 cm含水量比CK高73. 40%;保水剂处理可明显促进根系的生长发育,其根长、根直径以及体积分别比CK高16. 25%、29. 17%、56. 58%,番茄可溶性固形物含量比CK高7. 17%,沙子的比重和总孔隙度分别比CK高12. 88%、38. 35%,但容重比CK低6. 88%;生物基B处理可明显提高果实内可溶性糖含量,比CK高15. 53%,可显著提高沙子中的速效钾含量,比CK高55. 99%,有机质含量比CK高10. 91%;生物基A处理对番茄的株高有明显的促进作用,比CK高19. 81%,叶绿素含量比CK高8. 24%,番茄根系的总长比CK高45. 95%,叶片净光合速率是CK的1. 66倍,蒸腾速率以及气孔导度都相对较高,果实内可溶性固形物以及可溶性糖的含量分别比CK高6. 33%、8. 87%,容重比CK高3. 33%,速效氮含量是CK的16倍。通过主成分分析,生物基A的综合得分最高。因此,生物基A处理对促进番茄生长发育以及改善沙地生态环境效果最显著。宁夏回族自治区“十三五”重大研发项目(2016BZ0902);;“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD05B02);;吴忠国家园区专项(2016BN05);;宁夏回族自治区科技创新领军人才项目(KJT2017001

Raman Spectroelectrochemical Study on Bioactive Molecules

本文概述了采用电化学现场拉曼光谱技术研究氧化物歧化酶在L 半胱氨酸修饰金电极表面的电子迁移反应以及腺嘌呤共存条件下超氧化物歧化酶在金电极表面的电子迁移反应和不同电位下银电极表面烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸的吸附等体系的反应吸附特性 .所得结果对于分析和研究生物活性分子电化学过程机理具有重要意义 .Electron?transfer reaction is known to be one of the key reactions for generating biological functions. Mechanism revelation at a molecular level of such kind reactions is to be very helpful for us to understand life essence. In fact, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is one of the most powerful tools for the study on metal?electrolyte and metal?vacuum interfaces since 1970's. Moreover, Raman spectroscopic study in enzymology has provided attractive results during last twenty?five years. For the study of electron?transfer reaction mechanism of some oxidoreductases and SERS of some other biological macromolecules, an electrochemical in situ Raman spectroscopic technique was established in author's lab and some research works have been done on it in the past two years. A brief review of these works is given in this paper. The electrochemical in situ Raman spectroscopic measurements were carried out using a Super LABRAM Raman spectrometer (Dilor, France) coupled with a CHI604A Electrochemical Analyzer (CH Instr., USA). A Teflon spectroelectrochemical cell with a quartz plate window was designed for the in situ measurements. The working electrode was pretreated with oxidation?reduction cycles for each measurement. The electrolyte solutions were purged with nitrogen prior to all measurements, and all the measurements were carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere. Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important oxidoreductase for organism metabolism. The established spectroelectrochemical technique was first used to characterize the cyclic voltammetric process of SOD at L?cysteine modified gold electrode as well as the process of electrochemical modification of L?cysteine molecules on a gold electrode. The obtained Raman spectra reveal that the L?cysteine modified gold electrode improves effectively the reversibility of electron?transfer reactions of SOD. Besides L?cysteine molecules, it was interesting that adenine was also an effective electron?transfer promoter for SOD at gold electrode. A strong peak at 355 cm -1 can be observed in the Raman spectrum of adenine molecules adsorbed on gold electrode. It was inferred that the peak maybe related to the chemical interaction between adenine molecules adsorbed and gold electrode surface. As shown in Fig.1, for the mixture of SOD and adenine at gold electrode under a polarization potential 55 mV (vs. SCE), both the characteristic Raman lines of SOD and adenine molecules appeared. Therefore it was reasonable to conclude that SOD and adenine molecules should be co?adsorbed on gold electrode surface under such a potential, which is slightly lower than the reduction peak potential of SOD on adenine?modified gold electrode. Moreover, two new peaks appeared remarkably at 445 cm -1 and 610 cm -1 are likely to be related to the active site of SOD. It suggests that the co?adsorption mechanism of SOD and adenine molecules on the gold electrode surface results in effective approaching of the active site of SOD to the electrode surface.作者联系地址：上海师范大学化学系!上海200234,上海师范大学化学系!上海200234,上海师范大学化学系!上海200234,上海师范大学化学系!上海200234,上海师范大学化学系!上海200234,上海师范大学化学系!上海200234Author's Address: Dept. of Chem., Shanghai Teachers Univ., Shanghai 200234,Chin

科研信息化安全保障体系建设方案

本文提出了一种以扩展的P2DR模型为核心,结合国内外相关标准、政策法规进行安全保障体系方案构建的方法。以中国科学院信息安全保障体系建设为例进行了应用分析,从信息安全管理体系、信息安全技术体系和信息安全运维体系三个角度,为满足科研信息化安全需求提出了具有典型示范作用的方案样板,是信息安全保障理论在实践领域的一次成功应用

Simulation Research on Obstacle Avoidance of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Based on Single Beam Ranging Sonar

针对多波束声纳体积大,成本高的局限,利用单波束声呐的探测波束依次旋转,依次获取自主式水下航行器(AuTOnOMOuS undErWATEr VEHIClE,AuV)前方的左、中、右3个区域的障碍物距离信息.通过设计合适的环境障碍状态与有效的避障行为集合,并利用强化学习选择适合AuV自主避障的障碍状态-行为组合.仿真实验表明,根据单波束传感器提供的障碍物信息,通过强化学习获得的状态-动作组合,可以保证AuV躲避前方90°开角的障碍物,达到安全航行的要求.On one hand,the single-beam sonar acquires the obstacle distance information,which includes three areas(left,center and right)in front of autonomous underwater vehicle by rotating its ranging beam,for the large volume and high cost limitations of the multi-beam sonar.On the other hand,appropriate environmental states and effective obstacles avoidance behaviors are designed,and the proper state-action combinations for obstacle avoidance are selected by the reinforcement learning.Simulation results show that,according to the obstacle information provided by the single-beam sonar and the state-action combination obtained through reinforcement learning,AUV can guarantee to avoid obstacles in front of the opening angle of 90degrees and meet requirements safe navigation.国家自然科学基金(60975084;61165016