Estimation of the genetic parameters of Cu/Zn enrichment capability in Fujian oyster, Crassostrea angulata, and its relationship with glycogen content

牡蛎是世界范围内重要的海产经济贝类，我国牡蛎的养殖产量长久以来居于世界首位。福建牡蛎（Crassostreaangulata）又称葡萄牙牡蛎，是我国南方地区（尤其是福建省）牡蛎养殖的主要品种。牡蛎对重金属（尤其是铜、锌和镉）具有强富集和强耐受性，其体内的铜锌富集水平往往高于同一生活环境中的其他贝类。近年来，工业化的发展使我国沿海地区的重金属污染日益加剧，并对牡蛎养殖海域造成了较大的影响。在一些重金属污染严重的海区甚至出现了软体呈蓝色或绿色的“蓝牡蛎”和“绿牡蛎”，这些牡蛎体内铜和锌的总含量高达软体干重的3%-7%。“蓝牡蛎”和“绿牡蛎”的出现无疑对我国的牡蛎养殖业和人类的食品安全造成了威胁，而...Oyster is an important marine economic shellfish in the world. In recent years, the production of oysters in China has always been the first in the world. Fujian oyster (Crassostrea angulata), also known as the Portuguese oyster, is the main cultured oyster species in southern China, especially in Fujian Province. However, with the rapid development of industrialization, the heavy metal pollution ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_海洋生物学学号：2232014115136

Growth Performance and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Hybrids Between Selective Lines of Litopenaeus vannamei

对2个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)选育系(A和B)的自繁与杂交后代的生长性状及遗传多样性进行了分析.养殖对比实验结果表明,杂交组合AB生长性状优于其他各组,表现出较好的杂种优势.使用11对荧光标记的微卫星引物对4个凡纳滨对虾自繁与杂交群体以及1个从美国引进的初代亲本SIS群体的基因组DNA进行扩增,结果显示除AA群体外,其余4个群体均表现出较丰富的遗传多样性,观测到的平均等位基因数(Na)为4.273~5.636,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.586~0.629,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.512~0.556.遗传距离分析结果显示,SIS群体和AA群体的遗传距离最远(0.670 4),而与AB群体的最近(0.131 4).研究结果表明,引自美国的凡纳滨对虾群体经多代自繁后,其遗传多样性水平降低;而选育系间杂交则可使杂交后代的生长性状和遗传多样性水平得到改善.The growth performance and genetic diversity of the inbred and crossbred progenies of two Litopenaeus vannamei selective lines( A and B) were analyzed in this study.The results indicated that AB group showed the best growth performance and heterosis.Eleven fluorescently labeled microsatellite markers were used to amplify microsatellite DNA from five L. vannamei populations.The results showed that four populations( except for AA) displayed higher genetic diversity with average numbers of alleles( Na = 4. 273-5. 636),average expected heterozygosity( He = 0. 586-0. 629),and average polymorphism information content( PIC = 0. 512-0. 556). Nei' s unbiased genetic distance( Ds) indicated a close genetic relationship between populations SIS and AB( Ds= 0. 131 4),while populations SIS and AA showed the farthest genetic relationship( Ds = 0. 670 4).The results demonstrated that the genetic diversity decreased after several generations of selection,while hybridization between different selective lines could improve the growth performance and genetic diversity of L. vannamei.厦门市海洋经济创新发展区域示范项目(13PZY001SF25