微重力池沸腾中的气泡行为实验研究

采用图像分析方法,对实践十号返回式科学实验卫星沸腾气泡实验项目获得的微重力单气泡过冷沸腾实验图像进行研究,提取并分析了微重力条件下单个气泡的生长过程.实验中观察到气泡激发形成、稳定黏附生长和滑移三个阶段,其中气泡稳定黏附生长又可分为底部扩张与回退两个子阶段.在气泡稳定黏附生长的底部扩张子阶段,气泡半径可以表示为时间的指数函数,时间指数从初期小气泡时的0.42减小到中期的0.28,最终趋于0.气泡尺寸在气泡底部收缩之初略有回调,随后再次缓慢增大,直到过冷液体完全侵入气泡底部,使气泡与加热面脱离,并在外界扰动作用下在加热面上滑移.相关数据可以作为沸腾现象中气泡热动力学分析的依据

“动物酵素营养液”对母猪便秘的影响

从200头母猪中选出同一时期怀孕的母猪40头做两次试验,以验证“动物酵素营养液“对母猪便秘的影响。结果显示,A组试验,试验组便秘猪痊愈,治愈时间短,且没发现复发情况。b组试验,对照组有便秘情况发生,腹泻发病率达14.46%,仔猪死淘率达13.25%,试验组无便秘发生,腹泻发病率仅为3.125%,仔猪死淘率仅为1.56%。黑龙江省教育厅自然科学研究项目:酵素在黑龙江省养猪生产中的应用研究。项目编号为1253515

萍乡肉红鲫的性腺发育研究

萍乡肉红鲫(Pingxiang red-transparent crucian carp,Carassius auratusL.)是在江西省萍乡地区分布的天然三倍体鲫突变体经人工选育后获得的遗传性状基本稳定的后代,具有两性生殖和雌核生殖两种生殖方式。研究以F5代萍乡肉红鲫为材料,自孵化后每满1个月开始取性腺,观察了其卵巢1周年性成熟和精巢的发育过程,结果表明萍乡肉红鲫的性腺为1年成熟类型。卵巢发育进程可以分为6个时期,卵母细胞发育相应可分为6个时相。统计了卵巢成熟系数周年变化,体重为95 g左右的雌性萍

基于遗传算法的SOBER-SJ10池沸腾传热研究

基于遗传算法构建了沸腾过程中加热固壁一维瞬态导热反问题计算方法,采用具有精确解的半无限瞬态导热问题构造了一个校核算例,验证了该算法具有较高的准确度和抗干扰能力,能够准确反演计算沸腾传热瞬态热流密度。基于该算法分析了 SOBER-SJ10地面和空间实验中沸腾传热特性,结果表明微重力环境中单相传热被严重抑制,热流密度远小于地面数值;不同重力条件下核态沸腾传热曲线落在同一位置,显示出低热流密度时核态沸腾传热具有某种重力无关特征;但微重力条件下核态沸腾曲线起始于远低于地面的热流密度,同时在远比地面小的热流密度值时达到临界热流状态,并转变为过渡沸腾模式

干旱区内陆河流域生态系统脆弱性与生态安全研究

该项目探索了生态系统脆弱性特征及评价原理，首次应用数量化理论、模糊数学理论、模型分析方法等建立了以塔里木河流域为代表的干旱区内陆河流域生态系统脆弱性评价指标体系及评价标准，揭示了塔里木河流域生态环境质量定性及定量等级。首次建立了干旱区内陆河流域生态系统脆弱性评价的模式与方法，构建了生态脆弱性指数与定量评价的综合标准。将遥感地学分析方法及GIS技术相结合，提取生态格局变化信息。同时，把现代地图学的理论与方法，应用到了脆弱生态环境的领域。首次提出生态系统耦合的概念、原理与方法，并在MODS格局下，将生态系统脆弱性评价与生态安全相联系

Research progresses and prospects of microplastics in the environment

The term microplastics (MPs) refers to fine plastics less than 5 mm in size and includes primary sources from the original production of small-sized particles and secondary sources from the degradation or fragmentation of large plastics. MPs have been widely detected in marine (estuaries, bays, coastal zones, deep seas, ocean waters and sediments), soils (farmlands, urban soils, wetlands, landfill and polar areas), freshwater (lakes, rivers, reservoirs, snow and ice, and sewage treatment plants) and sediments, atmosphere (outdoor and indoor airs), living organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms, human and pet faeces), and foods (table salts, drinking waters, beers, vegetables and pet foods). Besides, MPs could be acted as the vector for many environmental pollutants, pathogens and even antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Moreover, MPs can be taken up by various terrestrial and aquatic organisms and transfer along the food chain at various trophic levels. Thus, environmental MP pollution is becoming one of the most serious threats to the Earth's surface ecosystems which has attracted serious concern and extensive research by many governments and the scientific community worldwide. Up to now, comprehensive studies and reports on the latest multidisciplinary research progress on microplastics in multiple environmental media remain limited. From the perspectives of earth sciences, chemistry, biology, and management, this article systematically reviews the research progress on the abundance, distribution and sources of microplastics in the waters, soils, atmosphere, sediments and organisms; the separation and analytical methods of microplastics in multiple environmental media; the migration and prediction of microplastics in terrestrial, marine and atmospheric environments; the surface changes and biofilm formation on microplastics and their adsorption characterization of environmental pollutants, pathogens and ARGs; the biological uptake, accumulation and ecological risks of MPs; the food chain transfer and health risks of MPs; the physico-chemical fragmentation and biodegradation of MPs in the environment and their risk reduction strategies and techniques. Finally, the key scientific issues and future research directions of environmental microplastics are also proposed in this review, such as methdology breakthroughs in separation and identification of submicron and nanoscale microplastics; comprehensive study on the distribution, migration, transport and flux of microplastics in environmental multi-media at cross-reginal and global scale; comprehensive monitoring, quantitative characterization and long-term evaluating the impacts of environmental microplastics on ecosystems; and the systematic assessment of human health risks of microplastics to different populations

中国脑血管病临床管理指南（第2版）（节选）——第5章 脑出血临床管理 Chinese Stroke Association Guidelines for Clinical Management of Cerebrovascular Diseases (Second Edition) (Excerpt) ——Chapter Five Clinical Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

自发性脑出血是卒中的一种严重亚型，在中国卒中患者中占23.4%，以急性发病、病情迅速变化以及高致死和致残率为显著特点。鉴于管理脑出血所面临的紧迫和复杂挑战，本指南旨在为其临床处理提供系统性和全面性的推荐意见。本章节覆盖了从脑出血院前评估、医疗干预到二级预防和康复的各个关键环节。在具体推荐方面，本指南根据不同的证据等级，为早期诊断、影像学评估、急性期干预、内科和重症监护、外科干预以及二级预防策略提供了指导，旨在全面提升自发性脑出血诊疗的科学性和系统管理质量。 Abstract: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage represents a severe subtype of stroke, accounting for approximately 23.4% of stroke cases in China. It is characterized by its rapid onset, swift disease progression, and high rates of mortality and disability. Given the urgency and complexity in managing intracerebral hemorrhage, this guideline aims to provide systematic and comprehensive recommendations for its clinical management. This chapter covers all key aspects ranging from pre-hospital evaluation and medical intervention to secondary prevention and rehabilitation. With respect to specific recommendations, this guideline offers exhaustive guidance based on varying levels of evidence for early diagnosis, imaging assessments, acute-phase interventions, medical and ICU management, surgical interventions, and secondary prevention strategies, with the ultimate aim of enhancing the scientific rigor and systematic quality of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage management