Labour Standards should not be Negotiated in WTO

近年来，发达国家对将劳工标准纳入WTO议题的呼声很高，一些国家还建议采纳一种社会条款，这一条款将就一组国际最低劳工标准进行协商并达成协议，与国际贸易相挂钩。受到了发展中国家和地区的强烈反对。发达国家认为发展中国家的出口产品价格低廉，不是由于生产成本上的比较优势，而是由于发展中国家国内采取的低劳工标准，因此，在WTO框架下对劳工标准进行谈判并达成协议有助于创造公平竞争的贸易环境，提高发达国家和发展中国家国内劳工的权益。而发展中国家和地区则认为发展中国家和地区由于经济发展水平低，人口相对过剩，具有较低的人工成本的优势是很自然的，劳工标准一旦纳入WTO议题，很容易成为贸易保护主义利用的工具。 本文...Some developed countries advocates frequently that labour standards should be negotiated in WTO, some even suggest that every country should adopt a social clause: an agreement of a series of international labour standards. But developing countries strongly disagree such suggestion. In developed countries’ view, product from developing countries is cheaper than that of developed countries becaus...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院国际贸易系_国际贸易学学号：20041300

我国对外贸易类上市公司经营状况概析

本文通过对我国沪深两市外贸板块23只外贸股的总体分析以及其中重点上市公司经营业绩和融资能力进行分析,说明当今我国外贸类上市公司的经营状况

水助催化氢分子在金纳米粒子上解离的理论研究

金纳米粒子（GNPs）对氢分子（H2）的解离具有良好的催化活性.本文研究了水分子对GNPs催化H2解离的影响.对于H2在中性和带正电的金簇（Aunδ,n=3～5;δ=0,1）上的反应,考虑当水簇（（H2O）m,m=1,2,3,7）参与反应时GNPs催化H2的解离过程的热力学和动力学.研究结果表明,水对H2在GNPs上的解离有助催化的作用,且水簇大小不同,水助催化H2在金簇上解离的机理也有所不同,其由氢氢键的均裂解离转化为氧化解离.对两种机理所得的产物,作者计算了它们的Raman和IR光谱.国家自然科学基金项目(No.21373172,No.21533006,No.21621091);;国家科技部(No.2015CB932303);;固体物理化学国家重点实验室资

Electrochemical Nucleation of Au on n-Type Semiconductor Silicon Electrode Surface

在成功实现半导体硅表面电沉积致密金膜的柠檬酸盐镀金实际应用体系中,运用循环伏安和电位阶跃法研究了Au在n型SI(111)电极表面的电沉积过程和成核机理.结果表明,在该体系中,Au在SI表面呈现不可逆电极过程,成核过电位达到250 M V;根据COTTrEll方程求得扩散系数d=(1.81±0.14)x10–4 CM2 S–1;运用SCHArIfkEr-HIllS(SH)理论模型对比分析拟合实验结果,表明Au在n型SI表面遵循扩散控制下的三维连续成核机理;通过扫描电子显微镜观察Au初期成核、生长形貌,进一步证实了Au的三维连续成核机制,并讨论了阶跃电位和阶跃时间对Au核形貌和密度的影响.Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry have been used to investigate the mechanism of gold electrodeposition on the n-Si(111) electrode surface from a citrate bath, which had successfully applied to directly electroplate a dense gold film on the silicon surface.The results show that Au electrodeposition on the n-type silicon surface is an irreversible process, and the nucleation overpotential reaches 250 m V.According to Cottrell equation, the diffusion coefficient(D) is calculated to be(1.81 ± 0.14) × 10-4 cm2 s-1.The Scharifker-Hills(SH) model was used to analyze the experimental data.Agreement between the fitting curves and the theoretical curves confirms that the nucleation process of Au electrodeposition on the n-type silicon surface follows the progressive nucleation mechanism with three-dimensional growth under diffusion control.To further confirm the progressive nucleation mechanism, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to observe the nucleation and growth of Au deposits at the initial stage of electrodeposition.The SEM results show that the morphology and density of the Au deposits are affected by the electrochemical deposition potential and time.国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项(2011YQ03012406); 国家自然科学基金界面电化学创新群体(21321062)及国家自然科学基金(21373172)资助项目~

Reaction of p-Chloronitrobenzene Adsorbed on Silver Nanoparticles

Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]; Tel: +86-592-2189023[中文文摘]表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)具有极高的检测灵敏度,通过检测吸附分子的SERS信号,可以获得表面吸附分子的结构以及可能发生的反应.在拉曼激发光源的辐射下,在碱性溶液中,银纳米粒子表面吸附的对氯硝基苯(PCNB)的SERS光谱与其固体的常规拉曼光谱相比,出现异常SERS谱.通过采用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,对PCNB以及可能的偶联产物p,p′-二氯偶氮苯(DCAB)进行理论分析以及谱峰归属,发现这些异常峰来自其偶联产物DCAB的偶氮C-N=N-C基团的基频振动. [英文文摘]Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on silver nanoparticles is highly sensitive because of surface plasmon resonance. We have studied the structures and photoinduced chemical reactions of p-chloronitrobenzene (PCNB) molecules adsorbed on silver nanoparticles using a combination of SERS and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. When the PCNB molecules are adsorbed to the surface of silver nanoparticles in alkaline solution, the SERS spectra are very different from the normal Raman spectra of PCNB. Comparison of the DFT simulated Raman spectra of PCNB and p,p-dichloroazobenzene (DCAB) indicates that the new peaks in the SERS spectrum of PCNB adsorbed on silver nanoparticles arise from the azo (C－N＝N－C) group of DCAB.国家自然科学基金(20973143, 91027009, 21021002);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973)(2009CB930703);厦门大学(2010121020

Expression of pin1 gene in lung cancer and its significance

背景与目的:Pin是人类高度保守的特异性磷酸化肽基脯氨酰顺及异构酶,它作用于脯氨酸所形成的肽键,并且仅使磷酸化pSer/Thr-Pro发生异构化,这一磷酸化后调控机制能诱导磷酸蛋白的构像变化,使其发挥功能。近来的研究显示这种新的调控机制在许多生理过程中起重要的调节作用,一旦失调便导致一系列人类疾病。如癌症患者体内Pin1表达异常增高,并调控多种癌基因的信号通路。本研究探讨pin1基因在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达及其意义。方法:利用免疫组织化学方法、定量PCR方法分别检测肺癌组织和正常肺组织中Pin1基因在翻译水平和mRNA水平上的表达差异。结果:在蛋白质水平上,Pin1的表达在正常/癌两种不同的肺组织中,表达量差异有显著性;而在mRNA水平上,Pin1的表达量在正常/癌两种不同的肺组织中,差异无显著性。结论:Pin1在NSCLC组织中的表达,可能是在翻译水平受到了调控;我们的研究进一步证实:Pin1在NSCLC组织中存在蛋白水平的过量表达,这对利用Pin1作为NSCLC组织检测标志物提供了理论依据。Background and purpose:Pin1 is a highly conservative enzyme that isomerizes only the phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro bonds in certain proteins, thereby inducing conformational changes. Recent results indicate that such conformational changes following phosphorylation are a novel signaling mechanism pivotal in regulating many cellular functions. Overexpression of Pin1 is prevalently found in human cancers.We studied expression of pin1 in non-small cell lung cancer and its implication in clinical. Methods:We detected the differential expression level of Pin1 protein in lung cancer specimen and normal lung tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Real-time quantitative PCR was also applied to detect the mRNA differential expression level in lung cancer tissues and normal lung tissues. Results:Pin1 protein is overexpressed in lung cancer at the protein level. On the other hand, the expression level of Pin1 mRNA in lung cancer tissue has no significant change compared with normal tissue. Conclusion:It demonstrated that the Pin1 expression in lung cancer might be regulated by translation mechanism.Our data implicate that Pin1 may serve as a valuable molecular marker for human cancer

Structures and Vibrational Spectra of Adenine and Protonated Adenine

The structures and vibrational spectra of neutral and protonated adenine molecules were calculated at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level. For neutral adenine, the N9H adenine configuration is more stable in energy of about 32.76 kJ . mol(-1) (6.28 kJ . mol(-1) by using the polarization continuous model (PCM)) than N7H adenine. Based on the potential energy distribution (PED) calculated using the scaled quantum mechanical field (SQMF) procedure, we corrected the assignments of some N9H adenine fundamental vibrations. There are five stable configurations for protonated adenine and the isomer of adenine that is protonated at the NI position is the most stable. Based on vibration analysis, we assigned the fundamental vibrations of this configuration and analyzed the Raman spectra of adenine in the HClO4 (pH=1) solution.National Natural Science Foundation of China [20573087]; National Key Basic Research Program of China [2007CB815303, 2009CB930703]; Program for New Century Excellent Talent (NCET) in Universities of Fujian Province, Chin

腺嘌呤和质子化腺嘌呤的结构和振动光谱

用密度泛函方法B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ分析了腺嘌呤和质子化腺嘌呤的低能稳定异构体的结构和振动光谱.结果发现,对于中性腺嘌呤分子,腺嘌呤的异构体N9H比N7H的能量低32.76kJ·mol-1(在极化连续模型下为6.28kJ·mol-1).基于标度量子力场方法所得到的势能分布,对异构体N9H的部分振动基频重新进行了归属.在极化连续模型下,质子化腺嘌呤分子有5种低能稳定构型,其中N1位质子化的9-位氢腺嘌呤最为稳定.基于振动模式分析,对这种最稳定构型的振动基频进行了归属,并对腺嘌呤在pH=1的高氯酸溶液中的实验拉曼光谱进行了指认

Band Gap of Strained Ge_(1-y)C_y Alloy

【中文摘要】 采用基于局域密度泛函理论和虚晶近似下的从头赝势法 ,研究 Si(0 0 1)和 Ge(0 0 1)衬底上的应变 Ge1-y Cy 合金 ,其带隙随碳含量和晶格失配度的变化情况 .结果发现 ,带隙对应变条件非常敏感 .硅衬底上应变 Ge1-y Cy 合金的带隙随碳组分的增加而增加 ,而锗衬底上应变 Ge1-y Cy 合金的带隙随碳组分的增加而减小 【英文摘要】 A theoretical study is made on the change of the band gaps of strain Ge 1-yC y alloy grown on Si(001) and Ge(001) substrates with carbon content and lattice mismatch. The study is made by adopting ab initio pseudopotential method which is based on local density functional theory and is under virtual-crystal approximation. As discovered by the results, the band gap is very sensitive to strain condition. The band gap of strain Ge 1-yC y alloy on Si substrate increases with the increase of carbon const...国家自然科学基金资助项目;; 国家高技术发展计划基金资助项目;; 福建省青年科技人才创新科研基金资助项目;; 华侨大学科研基金资助项

水合物热激励法开采特征研究

根据天然气水合物的分子动力学分解规律,建立了热激励法开采模型,并运用有限差分法对压力和温度控制方程进行了数值求解．计算结果表明,地层渗透率和井底加热温度对开采过程中地层的压力、温度分布以及气体的产量变化影响较大．由于模型中同时考虑了水合物的分解和再合成反应(可逆反应),因此, 天然气的产量随时间呈明显的周期性变化趋势,而且随着时间增长,周期逐渐变长．</span