通过半同胞换羽性状选择提高金定鸭产蛋能力研究

传统的育种方法,在现阶段仍然是畜禽育种的主流。对比金定鸭祖代、金定鸭高产品系以及闽南地区未经系统选育的地方蛋鸭一个养殖周期的产蛋量和经济效益。说明掺毛换羽性状作为产蛋相关性状,传统半同胞个体选育的育种方法,对于提高金定鸭的产蛋量和经济效益,仍然是行之有效的。1材料与方法1.1材料金定鸭鸭苗(选育群和综合群)取自厦门大学金定鸭种鸭场。(1)选育群:经过从金定鸭蛋小系中连续三个世代的个体选育,挑选产蛋性能高、具有掺毛性状(alternate molt type)的后代公、母鸭

我国部分家鸭品种遗传多样性及与野鸭亲缘关系的探讨

厦门凯利公司的资

金定鸭3个品系间的杂交效果分析

金定鸭3个品系间的杂交效果分析赖垣忠，陈奕欣，陈小麟，吕良炬，潘丽娉（福建厦门大学生物学系361005）纵观现代国际家禽业，就家食品种而言，几乎都采用商品配套品系。虽然，品系的育成方法不尽一致，但都是在现代遗传育种理论指导下，获得加性和非加性遗传效应...“八五”农业部畜牧兽医司资

Studies on Genetic Diversity and Molecular Marker of Jinding Duck

作者简介: 左正宏( 1973- ) , 男, 博士研究生.Corresponding author, E-mail: cheny ix@ y anan. xmu. edu. cn[中文文摘]用40个随机引物对我国常见家鸭品种(系)、引进品种和野鸭基因组DNA进行RAPD分析,寻找金定鸭品种特征RAPD标记.通过多次重复实验,初步认为Y05 600可作为鉴别育成品种金定鸭的RAPD分子标记.再选用20个引物对金定鸭3个育成品系各12个个体进行RAPD扩增,分析金定鸭的种质特征.结果显示:金定鸭I、II、III系的平均遗传相似系数分别为0.9157±0.0296、0.8552±0.0459、0.8816±0.0449;3个品系的变异系数分别为3.23%、5.37%、5.09%.育成品种金定鸭不同品系遗传一致性较高,但品系内的个体间仍存在着丰富的遗传多样性,不同品系之间存在着极显著的差异(p<0.01).[英文文摘]In order to find the molecular markers of Jinding Duck, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genomic DNA of 11 strains of domestic ducks and two species of wild duck. The result showed that the band Y_(05-600) was a particular band in all Jinding duck samples. It demonstrated that the band maybe a RAPD marker, which could distinguish Jinding breed from other ducks. Twenty primers were chosen for analysing the genetic diversity in 36 individuals belonging to three Jinding ducklines. The result showed that the average genetic similar coef ficient among them was 0. 915 7 ± 0. 029 6, 0. 855 2 ±0. 045 9 and 0. 881 6 ± 0. 044 9. The coeff icient variability of three lines was 3. 23% , 5. 37% and 5. 09% , respect ively.The variance among the three lines was very significant ( P< 0. 01) .福建省自然科学基金(B991002);校级自选课题(200160011)资

Comparative Study of Mitochondrial DNA Restriction Maps of Genus Anas Ducks in Fujian Province

用7种限制性内切酶（bAMHⅠ、bglⅡ、ECOrⅠ、EOCrV、PSTⅠ、SACⅠ、XbAⅠ）分析了蛋鸭（金定鸭、莆田黑鸭）、野鸭（斑嘴鸭、绿头鸭）的MTdnA限制性类型，并用双酶法构建了以上鸭类的MTdnA限制性酶切图谱.结果表明，蛋鸭与野鸭在MTdnA结构上发生了明显分岐.比较两种野鸭和金定鸭的图谱，发现金定鸭与绿头鸭的亲缘关系较近.Mitochondrial DNA restriction types of Anas domestica (Jinding duck, Putianhei duck) and wild ducks, mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ) and spotbill duck ( Anas poecilorhyncha ) were detected with seven restriction enzymes (BamHⅠ,BglⅡ,EcoRⅠ,EcoRⅤ,PstⅠ,SacⅠ,XbaⅠ).The mitochondrial DNA restriction maps were obtained by using the double digestion method.The results show that there is obvious divergence of mitochondrial DNA sequence between Anas domestica and the wild species.According to the restriction maps, Jinding duck is closer to Anas platyrhynchos rather than to Anas poecilorhyncha福建省自然科学基

Influence of Feed Additives on the Laying Performance and Egg Quality of Jinding Duck

以圈养、进行个体产蛋记录的金定鸭为材料.在饲料条件一致的前提下,通过对照实验,分析露康定红合成剂、钝顶螺旋藻(SPIrulInA PlATEnSIS)、紫菜(POrPHyrA SP.)、海带(lAM InArIA SP.)和菜籽油+ 维生素E等五种饲料添加剂对金定鸭产蛋性能及蛋质特性的影响.在五种添加剂中,添加0.008% 露康定红和7% 螺旋藻能够将蛋黄颜色提高到rOCHE14~15 级(P 0.05).添加8% 紫菜和8% 海带虽能将蛋黄颜色提高到rOCHE 11 级左右(P 0.05).The addition of8% ofPorphyra sp.OrLam i- naria sp.led to the significantdecrease ofegg production and egg w eight, although they could significantly increase yolk colorto the Roche score ofaround 11 (P< 0.05).The difference a- m ong effectsofthese additives on the laying perform ance and egg quality w as also discussed

The New Record of White Faced-heron (Egretta novaehollandiea) in China

1999年 7月 2 9日至 8月 2 5日 ,于福建省厦门市 员竹 当竹 湖内侧的湖心岛边缘浅水处发现白脸鹭 (Egretta novaehollandiea) .该白脸鹭混杂于白鹭 (Egretta garzetta)等鹭类群体内 ,涉水觅食或栖息于岸上 .白脸鹭在中国属于迷鸟 ,其主要分布地为澳大利亚、新西兰、新几内亚以及新客里多尼亚 ,属于非迁徙鸟类 .中国境内尚未见有白脸鹭的记录 ,本次发现是国内的首次 .该记录使白鹭属鸟类在中国的总物种数增加到 7种 .介绍了白脸鹭的考查方法、外形特征及生态习性 .From the 29th of July to the 25th of August in 1999, a white faced heron ( Egretta novaehollandiea ) was found in the shallow water near the central islet of Yuandang Lake in Xiamen, Fujian Province. This heron mixed with little egrets ( Egretta garzetta) and other species of egrets or herons, wading and feeding in water or roosting on the islet. White faced heron is a straggler in China because it doesn′t migrate and only distributes in Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia. There was no record of white faced heron in China,and therefore, this finding is the first one. This new record makes the total species of egret in China increase to seven.The investigation methods,morphological characteristics and ecological habits for the white faced heron were presented in this paper.福建省自然科学基金!(D9910 0 0 3);; 厦门市环境保护科研所资助项

Analysis of Genetic Relationship among Some Local Domestic Ducks in Fujian Province

利用SSR技术分析福建省家鸭地方良种金定鸭、山麻鸭、连城白鸭和野鸭绿头鸭、斑嘴鸭基因组DNA的多态性,在21个位点共扩增得到421条带,其中多态性条带213条,约占总数的50.6%.多态性位点比率在33.3%~84.6%之间.运用简单匹配系数法计算了品种(系)间的相似性系数和遗传距离,家鸭品种间的遗传距离在0.043~0.251范围内,绿头鸭、斑嘴鸭与家鸭品种(系)间的遗传距离分别在0.203(金定鸭Ⅰ系)~0.232(金定鸭Ⅱ系)和0.236(山麻鸭)~0.317(金定鸭Ⅱ系)范围内.连城白鸭与金定鸭3个品系间的遗传距离介于0.232至0.251之间,山麻鸭与金定鸭3品系间的遗传距离在0.239至0.248范围内,而连城白鸭与山麻鸭间的遗传距离为0.136.yhSimple sequence repeat technique was used to estimate the genomic DNA polymorphism among three famous endemic breeds of domestic ducks(Jinding duck,Lianchen white duck,Longyan Shanma duck)and two species of wild duck(Anas Platyrhyncho,and Anas Poecilorhyncha) in Fujian province.21 SSR primer pairs detected a total of 421 fragments.Two hundred and thirteen bands,representing 50.6% of total fragments,were polymorphic.The proportion of polymorphic loci ranged from 33.3% to 84.6%.Simple matching coefficients(SM)was calculated to manifest the genetic similarity and distance.The genetic distance between domestic ducks was 0.043～0.251,while between domestic ducks and the wild ducks was 0.203～0.232(Anas Platyrhynchos) and 0.236～0.317(Anas Poecilorhyncha) respectively.The distances range from 0.232 to 0.251 between Lianchen white duck and three strains of Jinding duck,while range from 0.239 to 0.248 between Shanma duck and the 3 ones.The genetic distance between Lianchen duck and Shanma duck is 0.136.福建省教育厅科技计划项目(JA04278)资

Effect of Acute Exposure to Organotin Compounds on Blood Pressure of Rabbit

采用聚乙二醇400作为溶剂,对家兔分别进行0.03、0.3、3 mg/kg三丁基锡和三甲基锡的急性注射实验,观察到三丁基锡和三甲基锡导致家兔的心率和动脉血压产生剂量依赖性的下降,其变化与注射乙酰胆碱相似.与溶剂对照组相比,TBT最高剂量组血压下降了16.29%,心率下降了6.70%.TMT最高剂量组血压下降了19.86%,心率下降了8.46%.该结果提示三丁基锡和三甲基锡可能通过乙酰胆碱受体途径产生降压效应.To investigate effect of organotin compounds on blood pressure,rabbits were given an injection of tributyltin or trimethyltin(0.03,0.3,3.0 mg/kg) dissolved in polyethylene glycol 400 from vein,the changes of the blood pressure and heart rate were measured after injection.A dose-dependent decrease of blood pressure and heart rate was observed.This transitory change of blood pressure mediated by the organotin compounds would be similar to that by acetycholine.Compared with that of vehicle group,the blood pressure was decreased by 16.29%,the heart rate was decreased by 6.70% in the highest dose of TBT group.While the blood pressure was decreased by 19.86%,the heart rate was decreased by 8.46% in the highest dose of TMT group.The results suggest that the organotin compounds could activate acetycholine receptor pathway and induce the decrease of blood pressure.福建省自然科学基金(2006J0147)资

Effects of different culture conditions on development and differentiation of somatic cells of Porphyra haitanensis thallus

本文以野生坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)叶状体为材料,通过海螺酶酶解获得叶状体单离体细胞,探讨了细胞密度、光照强度对坛紫菜叶状体体细胞发育分化的影响.研究结果表明:细胞密度对坛紫菜叶状体单离体细胞的分裂、出苗具有明显的影响.其中,细胞培养3~5d时,分裂率随着细胞密度的增大而降低;5d时,1×103个/孔组的分裂速度显著大于其余各组的(p<0.05);12~19d时,随着细胞密度的增大,体细胞出苗率相应减小.光照强度对坛紫菜叶状体单离体细胞的分裂、出苗也具有显著影响.细胞培养5d时,分裂率随着光照强度的增大而增大;5~7d时,体细胞分裂速度随着光照强度增大而增大;9~19d培养期内,出苗率随着光照强度的增大而增大.本实验结果为坛紫菜转基因育种等研究提供了可资借鉴的基础资料.Somatic cells of wild Porphyra haitanensis thallus are appropriate for the study of cell differentiation.The result shows that development and differentiation the cells are affected significantly by culture conditions.It shows that division and regeneration of the cells are affected significantly by cell density.Divistion rate decreased with increasing cell density in 3~5 days;Division speed of 1×103 cells/well group wasis higher than those of other groups(p<0.05) in 5 days;Regeneration rates of the cells decreased with increasing cell density in 12~19 days.It is also shown that divistion and regeneration of the cells are affected significantly by illumination intensity.Divistion rate is increased with increasing illumination intensity in 5 days;Division speed increased with increasing the illumination intensity in 5~7 days;Regeneration rates of the cells increased with increasing illumination intensity in 9~19 days.Our data can be referenced in the study of transgenic breeding for Porphyra.福建省自然科学资助基金项目(B0510004