植民地官僚のイギリス帝国認識 ―吉村源太郎の『南阿連邦論』を手掛かりとして―

　YOSHIMURA Gentaro, who was in charge of the Japanese Colonial Policy at the Government General of Kwantung Leased Territory in the prewar period. After retiring from his post, he wrote Nan’a renpô-ron （A Study of the Union of South Africa） and in it, he analyzed the British colonial policy and its effects from the historical perspective. By a perusal of YOSHIMURA’s work, this paper attempts to clarify how he understood British rule and governance of South Africa.　吉村源太郎は，関東都督府退官後に拓殖局嘱託としてイギリス帝国植民地に関する調査研究に従事した優秀な植民地官僚であった。彼は日本帝国の植民地統治に資するため，多くのイギリス帝国植民地について多数の報告書を執筆したが，本稿で検討する『南阿連邦論』もその１つである。彼はイギリス帝国植民地を白人からなる自治植民地と異民族統治が主となる直轄植民地がありそれぞれに適した植民地統治政策があるとしたが，南アフリカ植民地は少数のイギリス人が，異民族であるボーア人や現地アフリカ人など多数の住民を統治する点で特徴的であった。本稿では，そうしたイギリス帝国の南アフリカ統治を吉村がどのように認識していたのかを検討する

植民地官僚の統治認識 ―大内丑之助を手掛かりとして―

　OUCHI Ushinosuke, a Graduate of Schule des Vereins für deutsche Wissenschaften, （The German Studies Society School） held several key Bureaucratic Positions in Colonial Taiwan and Kwanto Leased Territory with GOTO Shimpei. He wrote numerous Books and Reports on Japanese Colonial Rule and his Opinions of how it should be conducted. This Paper examines OUCHI’s Writings and attempts at clarifying the Perceptions of Colonial Rule held by Japanese Bureaucrats and its Reality in Prewar Japan.　大内丑之助は，独逸学協会学校専修科を経て高等文官試験に首席合格し，司法省判事，会計検査院検査官，法制局参事官など多彩な経験をした後，後藤新平に見出され日本の植民地・影響圏の統治実務を担当した植民地官僚であった。彼は台湾総督府参事官，関東都督府外事総長，大連民政署長などの外地行政実務を担当しながら，報告書や雑誌において日本の植民地統治政策のあり方を論じた。本稿は，大内の経歴と著作物を検討することを通じて，戦前期日本の植民地官僚がどのような統治認識を有していたかを析出し，日本の植民地統治の実態を明らかにしようとする試みである

満洲国と駒井徳三 ―統治認識を中心に―

　After graduating from Sapporo Agricultural School, KOMAI Tokuzo joined South Manchurian Railway Co., Ltd. and assigned to the Regional Department. He actively engaged in several investigative studies of Manchuria. As the first Director of the General Affairs Agency of Manchukuo, he played a key role in the early governance of the ‘colony’ after the Manchurian Incident. One finds suggestions for Japan’s continental policy in reports based on surveys during his tenure and autobiographical writings published after retirement. This paper examines KOMAI’s writings and attempts to clarify the perceptions of colonial rule held by Japanese bureaucrats.　駒井徳三は，札幌農学校を経て南満州鉄道株式会社に入社，地方部地方課に配属され満蒙調査を中心とした各種調査に積極的に従事した後，外務省嘱託，陸軍省嘱託（関東軍統治部長）などを歴任，満洲事変を経て成立した満洲国の初代国務院総務庁長官として初期満洲国統治の枢要を担った植民地官僚であった。彼は在職時の各種調査に基づいた報告書や引退後に出版した自伝的諸著作等において，日本の中国大陸政策のあるべき方向性を提言した。本稿は，彼の経歴および著作等の検討を通じて，戦前期日本の植民地官僚の統治認識を析出する試みである

植民地官僚のイギリス帝国認識 ―吉村源太郎『英帝国之統一問題』を手掛かりとして―

　The Japanese Colonial Bureaucrat, YOSHIMURA Gentaro, who worked for the Colonial Bureau, established in 1917, wrote numerous Reports on the British Colonial Policy. In one of his Reports entitled, Eiteikoku no Toitsu Mondai（Problems of British Imperial Unity）, he researched the situation of the British Empire and the Debates concerning the Relation between the Britain and her Dominions. This Paper aims to clarify how he understood the British Empire and the Governance of Dominions.　吉村源太郎は，関東都督府外事総長を最後に退官した後，拓殖局嘱託としてイギリス帝国植民地に関する調査研究に従事した優秀な植民地官僚であった。彼は日本帝国の植民地統治に資するため，多くのイギリス帝国植民地について多数の報告書を執筆したが，その最初の報告書が『英帝国之統一問題』である。彼はイギリス帝国の中心をなすイギリス本国と白人からなる自治植民地の関係が南ア戦争や第１次世界大戦を経て変化しつつあり，帝国の統一性を追求する議論が盛んになっている状況を分析した。本稿では，帝国の枠組みの維持と自治領ナショナリズムとのバランスを維持すべく行われた当時の議論を検討した吉村が，イギリス帝国をどのように認識していたのかを詳細に検討した

植民地官僚のインド問題認識 ―吉村源太郎を手掛かりとして―

　YOSHIMURA Gentaro was a colonial bureaucrat who was engaged in the Colonial Bureau after he had retired from the Japanese Government Bureau of Kwantung Leased Territory. He published two reports on the independence movement in Colonial India. In these reports, he criticized not only the British rule in India but also the extremists in the independence movement and insisted that Home Rule was the most preferable answer for both British Empire and Colonial India although he had a very pessimistic view on it

内地時代の時永浦三 : 朝鮮総督府出身官僚の内地行政官としての経歴をめぐって

TOKINAGA Urazo, an executive bureaucrat of Government-General of Korea, was appointed as Director of Home Office of Ohita Prefecture in October 1922. TOKINAGA was famous for his research on the Korean and the Irish Independence Movement. He traveled in the United States and Europe including Britain where the Irish Immigrants fought for their country\u27s freedom. His main interest was how Japanese officials could rule Koreans who were not satisfied with the Japanese colonial rule. At that time, the Japanese government tried to share the way of governance both in Inland and the colonies through personnel exchanges between the Home Office and the Government-General of Korea. Several distinctive Home Office\u27s bureaucrats were appointed as the executive staffs in Korea, but the bureaucrats of Government-General of Korea rarely had appointments in Inland Japan as administrative staffs. TOKINAGA\u27s case was the rare one. In this paper, we try to show its meaning through TOKINAGA\u27s career and to clarify the personnel relationship between Inland Japan and Colonial Korea

朝鮮総督府官僚のアイルランド認識 : 時永浦三を手掛かりとして

TOKINAGA Urazo, an official serving for thirteen years between 1910 and 1922 in the Japanese Government-General of Korea, visited the US and Europe to study and understand the influence of self-determination advocated by President T. W. Wilson in relation to the Koreans under Japanese rule during World War I. He observed the situation of Ireland under British control and compared its aspects with the Japanese rule over Korea. His conclusion was that Japanese colonial rule of Korea was totally different from the British governance of Ireland. Although he thought that the British were cruel and suppressive, on several points there was a need for the Japanese Government-General of Korea to learn some important lessons from the British failure to establish order in Ireland

戦間期日本における失業問題と金融政策

In the interwar years, Japan shared a concern common to many Western industrialized nations to seek balance of payments and employment stability on the basis of a gold standard system at the pre-war parity. In order to do so, governments introduced a mild deflationary policy but only to be suffered from stagnation of economy and employment. After Japan returned to the gold standard in 1930, exchange rate began to rise and it threatened a decrease of export level. Domestic demand declined and job losses spread to the chemical and heavy industries and to the mining industry. But with the government determined to continue fiscal and monetary restriction, merely awaiting a recovery from depression, both firms and farms lost their trading strength and unemployment grew. The combination of the Manchurian Incident and the Britain\u27s decision to abandon the gold standard convinced Japan that maintaining the pre-war gold par was impossible and in December 1931, the Japanese gold standard was abandoned. After 1932, military expenditure was increased and it effected on employment of the skilled workers. But the improvement of employment was limited to the casual workers as the relatively poor recovery of agricultural production reversed the shock absorber effect of the agricultural sector pushing casual workers into industrial cities

時永浦三のアメリカ調査報告 : アメリカにおける朝鮮独立運動とアイルランド独立運動

TOKINAGA Urazo, an official of Japanese Government-General of Korea, visited the US in 1919 in order to investigate the Korean Independence Movement in the US. He wrote the Report on it in 1920 and the Japanese Government-General of Korea edited it for internal use. In the Report, TOKINAGA compared the Korean Independence Movement with the Irish one and at the same time, considered its influence in the international context. As a result, he concluded that the influence of the Korean Independence Movement in the US was quite limited unlike the Irish one and the Japanese Government-General of Korea was able to keep Colonial Korea under the Japanese rule