Study on Groundwater Cycle and Submarine Groundwater Discharge in the Coastal Zone

海岸带地下水循环和海底地下水排泄是全球水循环的重要组成部分，近年来成为陆-海相互作用研究的主要内容之一。海底地下水排泄不单是一个水循环过程，还是一个地球化学循环过程，其输送大量营养盐、碳、金属等物质到海洋中，在海洋物质收支平衡中具有重要意义。本论文的主要目标是了解福建沿海的地下水循环特点和地下水入海通量，为此，在福建省科技计划项目和国家自然科学基金的资助下，选择厦门五缘湾、闽江河口和漳州前湖湾为研究区域，通过现场观测、调查和取样，并采用同位素示踪技术、电法探测和水文地球化学等研究方法和手段，对水体滞留时间、海底地下水排泄量、河水与海水混合速率、地下水与河水补排关系、地下水、河水及海水的混合比例...Coastal groundwater cycle and submarine groundwater discharge is an important part of global water cycle, it recently has been become one of the research focus of land-ocean interactions in the coastal zone. Submarine groundwater discharge is not only a water cycle process but also a geochemical cycle process, these processes deliver massive dissolved material such as nutrients, carbon and metal i...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院_海洋地质学号：746

A Review on Submarine Groundwater Discharge

海底地下水排泄(Sgd)是全球水循环的一个重要组成部分,是陆—海相互作用的研究热点。首先分析了海底地下水排泄的组成和驱动力,总结了海底地下水排泄的主要评价方法及其优缺点;其次阐述了海底地下水排泄向海洋输送溶解物质的重要作用及其对海洋生态环境的影响,并通过剖析咸淡水混合带的地球化学过程,指出地下河口在研究海底地下水排泄中的重要地位;最后给出未来海底地下水排泄的研究方向。Submarine Groundwater Discharge( SGD),an important part of global water cycle,is recently recognized as a research highlight on the land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone.Firstly,This paper analyzes the components and driving force of SGD,and summarizes the main estimating methods of SGD and its individual strengths and weaknesses.Secondly,the paper describes the important role of SGD in transporting dissolved mass into the costal ocean and significant impacts on the ecological environment of costal ocean,and through analyzing the biogeochemical process in the mixing zone of fresh-salt water,indicates the important position of subterranean estuary in studying submarine groundwater discharge.Finally,the paper points out the major problems currently existing in SGD research,then presents the future research direction.国家自然科学基金面上项目“海底地下水排泄(SGD)的地球化学过程、物质输送及其对海洋的贡献和影响”(编号:41372242)资

福建省永定县经济发展与环境质量的关系研究

研究福建省永定县经济发展与环境质量的关系,对其实现可持续发展有着非常重要的意义。利用永定县1996—2007年相关统计数据,建立了人均gdP与典型环境质量指标(工业废水排放量、工业固体废物产生量、工业废气排放量)的模型,分析了它们之间的函数关系。结果表明:工业废水排放量与人均gdP的关系曲线呈直线单调递减;工业固体废物产生量与人均gdP的关系曲线呈“倒u“型;工业废气排放量与人均gdP的关系曲线呈“n“型。从整体来看,工业废水排放量控制政策相对较为成功,但工业固体废物产生量和工业废气排放量控制政策尚需加强

Eco-environment Vulnerability Analysis Based on Principal Component-Clustering Analysis Model:Taking Comprehensive Experimental Area of Pingtan as an Example

目前对平潭综合实验区(平潭主岛)脆弱性评价方面的研究仅有地下水系统的脆弱性研究,对生态环境方面的脆弱性研究尚未见诸文献中。针对此情况,文章首先从自然因素、人为干扰因素和环境因素3个方面构建了生态环境脆弱性指标体系,然后运用主成分-聚类分析模型对平潭综合实验区的生态环境脆弱性进行分区。脆弱性分区结论为平潭综合实验区总体为中强度脆弱,其中极强脆弱区为白青乡,强度脆弱区为北厝镇和苏澳镇,中度脆弱区为中楼乡、澳前镇和敖东镇,轻度脆弱区为平原镇、潭城镇和流水镇,微脆弱区为芦洋乡。文章从增加防护林的面积和种类、调整优化土地利用结构、开展生态功能区划和生态环境保护规划的编制工作三方面提出了降低研究区域生态环境脆弱性的对策措施。There is only research about vulnerability of groundwater system in vulnerability evaluation field,while ecoenvironmental vulnerability research has not yet appeared in any paper in Comprehensive Experimental Area of Pingtan(Pingtan Island).Thus the paper first constructs eco-environmental vulnerability index system based on natural factors, human-influence factors and environmental factors.The principal component-cluster analysis model was used for ecoenvironmental vulnerability partition in Comprehensive Experimental Area of Pingtan.Results showed that most towns in Pingtan Island are moderately intense vulnerable,among which Baiqing is pole-intense vulnerable,town of Beicuo and Su'ao are intensely vulnerable,town of Zhonglou,Aoqian and Aodong are moderately vulnerable,town of Pingyuan, Tancheng and Liushui are mildly vulnerable,and only Luyang town is micro-vulnerable.Finally this paper put forward measures about eco-environmental vulnerability reduction in three ways including increasing shelter-forest area and kinds, adjusting and optimizing land-use structure,and implementing eco-functional regionalization and eco-environmental protection planning

Ecological Compensation Evaluation of Yongding South Industrial Park in Fujian Province

运用生态系统服务功能价值法以及生态恢复成本法对福建省永定工业园南部园区开发的生态补偿费用进行了估算,以生态系统服务功能价值损失为上限、生态恢复成本为下限,经发展阶段系数、林地补偿系数、贴现率调整,得到生态补偿费用的下限为4 987.50万元/A,上限为56 760.25万元/A,指出通过利益相关者的协商博弈确定最终的生态补偿标准。Ecosystem services value assessment method and ecological restoration cost assessment method were used to estimate the ecological compensation fees of Yongding South Industrial Park's construction.Ecosystem services value as the upper limit,ecological restoration cost as the lower limit and with the adjustment of development phase coefficient,forest compensation coefficient and rate of discount.The lower limit of the compensation standard was 49.875 million RMB per year,the upper limit was 567.602 5 million RMB per year,and the final compensation standard was subjected to negotiation between stakeholders

ANALYSIS OF ECOSYSTEM INCORPORATED WITH WATER-CIRCLE SYSTEM IN INLAND BASIN OF NORTHWEST CHINA

西北内陆盆地生态环境特别脆弱 ,生态环境与水资源息息相关。该文将内陆河流域作为水循环 -生态复合系统 ,分析了复合系统的结构、功能和水循环特点 ,对于流域水资源开发和生态环境保护有一定指导意义。 【英文摘要】 The ecosystem, closely related to water resources, is very vulnerable in inland basin of northwest China. The paper takes inland basin as a composite ecosystem incorporated with water-circle system. The structure and function of ecosystem are analyzed, simultaneously, the characteristics of water-circle system are discussed, which are helpful for exploiting water resources and protecting eco-environmen

The Estimation of Submarine Inputs of Groundwater to a Coastal Bay Using Radium Isotopes

福建省漳州市隆教湾海水中镭同位素的研究,目的是评价海底地下水排泄量。在2007年6月的航次中,垂直于岸线的9km剖面上布置15个站位,每个站位用潜水泵采集表层海水样60L于塑料桶中。水样运回实验室后,立即用装有锰纤维的PVC管以虹吸的方式富集水样中的镭同位素,水通过PVC管的流速小于300ml/min。224Ra活度用连续射气法测定,测完224Ra后密封7d以上,然后用直接射气法测定226Ra活度。224Ra和226Ra活度都呈现自岸向海逐渐降低的规律,表明扩散控制镭同位素的分布,由224Ra获得68.83km2d-1的扩散系数,同时226Ra形成-0.963dpm100l-1km-1的活度梯度。用扩散系数和活度梯度建立的226Ra的离岸通量为6.62×1011dpmkm-2d-1,这个通量一定是得到SGD输入的镭支持,从而获得隆教湾的海底地下水排泄量是3.03×109m3km-2d-1。该排泄量包括陆源地下淡水排泄量和再循环海水排泄量,绝大部分可能是再循环海水,有待进一步研究。This paper reports the results of initial research on radium isotopes of surface ocean waters in the Longjiao Bay on the western flank of Taiwan Strait. The main objective of this research is to assess the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). In order to assess the spatial distribution of 224Ra and 226Ra, the authors collected 15 surface ocean water samples (ca. -1 m in depth) during the low tide. The collection was performed within a period of 2 hours in the direction from onshore to 9 km offshore by using 60 L polypropylene buckets. In the laboratory, the water samples were immediately treated through gravity-fed PVC column (4.5 cm in diameter, 50 cm in length), filled with manganese oxide-impregnated acrylic fiber at a flow rate of ~300 ml/min to retain radium. After that, the activities of 224Ra absorbed on the Mn-fiber were measured through the continuous emanation method. Finally, the Mn-fiber was sealed for more than 7 days, and the activities of 226Ra absorbed on the Mn-fiber were measured through the direct emanation method. 226Ra distribution yields an activity gradient of -0.963 dpm100 l-1km-1. The short-lived 224Ra distribution in this region yields an eddy diffusion coefficient of 68.83 km2d-1. The interpretation is that the eddy diffusion is the primary controlling agent for the shore perpendicular distribution of the long-lived 226Ra. In order to estimate the seepage rate of groundwater in the study area, the authors applied the approach developed by Moore. The short-lived radium isotopes, 224Ra, were used to establish the eddy diffusion coefficient for the near-shore study area. The product of the eddy diffusion coefficient and the offshore 226Ra activity gradient established the 226Ra flux of 6.62×1011dpmkm-2d-1. It is expected that this flux must be balanced by Ra input from the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). On the basis of the flux of SGD within the shore, 226Ra budget was calculated as 3.03×109 m3km-2d-1. This magnitude of SGD includes terrestrially-derived fresh SGD and recirculated seawater SGD, However, further researches should be required to determine the terrestrially-derived fresh SGD on the one hand, and recirculated seawater SGD on the other hand.国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40672166)资

潮滩沉积物-水界面磷、铁的高分辨率分布特征及生物地球化学行为

为了解潮间带微环境中磷、铁元素的分布和耦合规律及对磷释放的影响,借助薄膜扩散梯度技术（ZrO-Chelex DGT）原位高分辨率获取九龙江口红树林潮滩孔隙水剖面的溶解活性磷（DRP）、Fe2+浓度,并测定沉积物相应的理化参数.研究结果表明:（1）在表层孔隙水中,DRP、Fe2+浓度呈现显著的正相关性,证实了磷、铁元素的耦合关系以及沉积物铁氧化物对磷吸附/解吸附的控制作用;（2）在深部还原带,DRP浓度相对Fe2+浓度具有较大的波动,主要受到沉积物异质性以及红树植物吸收等的影响;（3）根据表层孔隙水中DRP的浓度梯度计算获得磷的分子扩散通量为0.000 64～0.006 00μg·cm-2·d-1,结果远低于一般湖泊沉积物内源磷的扩散通量,原因是富铁且具较深氧化带的潮滩沉积物中的磷-铁耦合关系有效地抑制了磷的释放.国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.41372242,41672226

引江济淮工程对派河水环境的影响

引江济淮工程是淮河流域水资源战略配置及巢湖和淮河水环境综合治理的重要措施,并列入国家加快推进的172项重大水利工程。引江济淮工程派河段是按照丰、枯水期严格设计的,派河水质不仅直接影响巢湖口的水质,还将间接影响淮河水质。结合派河现状水文、水质条件,采用明槽恒定均匀流公式预测了引江济淮工程对派河规划年水文情势的影响,预测结果表明:工程实施后,派河水位将升高1. 01～2. 32 mm,流速将增大0. 24～0. 33 m/s,流量将增大76～103 m3/s;采用一维稳态稀释、降解综合模型对工程实施后派河国控断面水质的变化进行预测,以枯、丰水期的污染物背景浓度值为基础,考虑了枯、丰水期输水方向的变化,水质预测结果表明工程实施后水质将有较大改善。国家科技重大专项水体污染控制与管理“清水廊道技术标准化与产业推广模式构建”(2017ZX07603-004-04

厦门同安湾红树林及临近光滩沉积物孔隙水中溶解活性磷和亚铁分布特征的对比分析

为了解红树林与光滩磷、铁地球化学行为的差异,借助薄膜扩散梯度技术（ZrO-Chelex DGT）,对厦门同安湾红树林及临近光滩孔隙水中溶解活性磷（DRP）、Fe2+浓度进行了原位测量,并采集了相应沉积物柱状样进行测定分析。结果表明:（1）Fe2+与DRP呈现较好的线性正相关,说明磷的吸附/解吸与铁氧化还原循环有关;（2）在不同深度,光滩孔隙水中DRP浓度均高于对应深度红树林。在浅层,由于溪水的补给造成光滩的磷富集;在深层,红树植物根部吸收导致磷浓度下降,光滩有机质含量较多,矿化释放DRP使其浓度较高;（3）孔隙水中的Fe2+浓度分布表明,红树林区域随着深度的增加,逐渐由好氧环境进入厌氧环境;而光滩沉积物氧化还原环境可能受到红树林的影响,孔隙水Fe2+在垂向上波动分布。国家自然科学基金项目(41672226; 41372242)~