改革开放以来中国大陆诺贝尔科学奖研究述略

中国大陆改革开放以来出现了大量研究诺贝尔科学奖的论文与专著,通过梳理这些研究成果,并将它们分成五大类进行聚类介绍和分析,总结出了大陆学界关于这一问题的各种研究取向、发展趋势、既有成果以及问题与不足

流域侵蚀产沙过程随尺度变化规律研究

寻求不同尺度下侵蚀产沙过程的变化规律和普遍规律,是进行尺度转换的基础。本文以岔巴沟流域及其团山沟径流场实测水文数据为基础,探讨了不同尺度下流域径流过程、侵蚀产沙过程、水沙关系随尺度的变化规律。通过对峁坡、全坡面、毛沟、支沟、干沟的径流和泥沙分析表明,全坡面将流域径流过程、侵蚀产沙过程、水沙关系有机的区分开为坡面和沟道两种类型的变化过程,而全坡面又对毛沟的径流和泥沙起主导作用

Effects of Oils in Alpinia officinarum Hance on Serum Motilin,Somatostatin,Substance P,Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Gastrelcosis Mice Model

目的:观察高良姜油对胃溃疡小鼠模型血清胃肠激素的影响。方法:ICR小鼠随机分成7组:正常对照组、模型组、良附丸组(2 g.kg-1)、消旋山莨菪碱片组(0.005 g.kg-1)、高良姜油低、中、高剂量组(2,4,8 mL.kg-1)。预防给药6 d后,采用利血平致胃溃疡小鼠模型,ELISA酶联免疫法测定小鼠血清胃动素(MOT)、生长抑素(SS)、P物质(SP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)的含量。结果:与模型组相比:①各治疗组均能降低利血平致胃溃疡小鼠模型溃疡指数及提高溃疡抑制率(P<0.01)。②高良姜油高、中剂量组,良附丸组、消旋山莨菪碱片组均能降低胃溃疡小鼠模型血清MOT,SP含量(P<0.01,P<0.05),升高血清SS含量(P<0.01,P<0.05);高良姜油高剂量组能升高血清VIP含量(P<0.01),但中剂量组血清VIP含量变化无统计学意义。结论:高良姜油抗溃疡作用可能与其降低血清MOT,SP的含量,升高血清SS,VIP的含量有关。Objective：To observe effects of oils in Alpinia officinarum Hance（OAOH） on serum gastrointes-tinal hormones in gastrelcosis mice model.Method：ICR mice were randomly divided into 7 groups：control group,model group,liangfu pills group（2 g.kg-1） racanisodimine group（0.005 g.kg-1）,OAOH low dose group,OAOH middle dose group,OAOH high dose group（2,4,8 mL.kg-1）.The gastrelcosis mice model was induced by reser-pine,which was then given drugs for 6 days.The content of motilin（MOT）,somatostatin（SS）,substance P（SP）,va-soactive in testinal peptide（VIP） in serum were determined by ELISA.Result：Compared with the model group：① All the treatment decreased ulcer index and increased ulcer inhibition rate（P 0.01）.②OAOH,liangfu pills,group racanisodimine obviously decreased MOT,SP in serum（P 0.01,P 0.05）,significantly increased SS in serum（P 0.01,P 0.05）;High dose OAOH increased VIP content in serum（P 0.01）.Conclusion：OAOH treats gas-trelcosis by reducing the content of MOT and SP,increaseing the content of SS and VIP in serum

Effects of Compound Galangai Oils and Cyperus Oils on Serum Gastrointestinal Hormones in Gastrelcosis Mice Model

目的:探讨良附油对胃溃疡小鼠模型血清胃肠激素的影响。方法:ICR小鼠随机分成9组:正常对照组,模型组,良附丸组(2g.kg-1),消旋山莨菪碱片组(0.005g.kg-1),良附油高、中、低剂量组(8、4、2mL.kg-1),高良姜油组(8mL.kg-1),香附油组(8mL.kg-1)。预防给药6天后,采用利血平致胃溃疡小鼠模型,ELISA酶联免疫法测定小鼠血清胃动素(MOT)、生长抑素(SS)、P物质(SP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)的含量。结果:与模型组相比:①各治疗组均能降低利血平致胃溃疡小鼠模型溃疡指数及提高溃疡抑制率(P<0.01)。②良附油高、中剂量组,高良姜油组、香附油组、良附丸组、消旋山莨菪碱片组均能降低胃溃疡小鼠模型血清MOT,SP含量(P<0.01,P<0.05),升高血清SS、VIP含量(P<0.01,P<0.05),良附油组呈明显的量-效关系。结论:良附油抗胃溃疡作用可能与其降低血清MOT,SP的含量,升高血清SS,VIP的含量有关;且高剂量组调节胃肠激素的作用相当于良附丸及消旋山莨菪碱片组。Objective：To explore effects of Compound Galangai Oils and Cyperus Oils（CGOCO） on serum gastrointestinal hormones of gastrelcosis mice model.Methods：ICR mice were randomly divided into 9 groups：control group,modle group,liangfu pills group（2g·kg-1）,racanisodimine group（0.005g·kg-1）,CGOCO high dosage group,CGOCO middle dosage group,CGOCO low dosage group,galangai oils group（GO）,cyperus oils group（CO）.The gastrelcosis mice model was induced by reserpine,which was then given drugs for 6 days.The content of motilin（MOT）,somatostatin（SS）,substance P（SP）,vasoactive in testinal peptide（VIP） in serum were determined by ELISA.Results：Compared with the model group：① All the treatment groups could decreased ulcer index and increased ulcer inhibition rate（P0.01）.②CGOCO,GO,CO,liangfu pills,racanisodimine group obviously decreased the content of MOT,SP in serum（P0.01,P0.05）,significantly increased the content of SS,VIP in serum（P0.01,P0.05）.And with the obvious dose-effect in CGOCO group.Conclusion：CGOCO treats gastrelcosis by reducing the content of MOT and SP,increaseing the content of SS and VIP in serum,and adjust the role of gastrointestinal hormones are equivalent to those of Liangfu pills and Racanisodimine

Effects of valtrate on anxiety models in rats and its possible mechanisms

[目的]研究高良姜油抗胃溃疡(GU)的作用及其机制。[方法]ICR小鼠随机分成7组,分别为:正常对照组,模型组,奥美拉唑组(0.014 g/kg),良附丸组(2 g/kg),高良姜油高、中、低剂量(8、42、ml/kg)组,预防给药6d后,采用利血平致GU小鼠模型,收集小鼠胃液,测定胃液量、总酸度、胃蛋白酶活性及血清一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)水平。[结果]与模型组相比,高良姜油高、中剂量组,良附丸组,奥美拉唑组均能抑制利血平致GU小鼠模型胃液量、总酸度及胃蛋白酶活性,且能增加血清NO水平和SOD活性,降低MDA水平;但中剂量组胃蛋白酶活性变化无统计学意义。[结论]高良姜油抗GU作用机制可能与其抑酸、抗氧化、增强保护因子有关;高良姜油高剂量抗氧化与增加血清NO水平的作用与良附丸相当

Effect of oils in alpinia officinarum hance on serum NO, SOD, MDA in gastrelcosis mice model

目的:研究高良姜油对胃溃疡小鼠模型血清一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)的影响。方法:ICR小鼠随机分成8组:正常组、模型组、山莨菪碱片组(0.005g/kg)、奥美拉唑组(0.014g/kg)、良附丸组(2g/kg),高良姜油高、中、低剂量组(8、4、2mL/kg),预防给药6d后,采用利血平致胃溃疡小鼠模型,测定小鼠血清NO含量、SOD活性及MDA含量。结果:与模型组相比,高良姜油的高、中剂量组、良附丸组、奥美拉唑组、山莨菪碱组均能增加利血平致胃溃疡小鼠模型血清NO含量和SOD活性,降低MDA含量(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:高良姜油抗胃溃疡作用机制可能与其抗氧化、舒张血管作用有关。Objective： To explore effects of Oils in alpinia officinarum hance （OAOH）on NO, SOD, MDA of gastrelcosis mice model .Method： ICR mice were randomly divided into 8 groups：control group, modle group, racanisodimine group （ 0.005g/kg ） , Omeprazole group（0.014g/kg）,liangfu pills group （ 2g/kg ） , OAOH high dosage group, OAOH middle dosage group, OAOH low dosage group （ 8, 4, 2mL/kg ） . The gastrelcosis mice model was induced by reserpine,which was then given drugs for 6 days. Nitric oxide（NO） content,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） content in mice serum were determined.Result： Compared with the model group： OAOH （H,M）, liangfu pills, Omeprazole group ,racanisodimine group obviously ncreased the content of NO and active of SOD in serum, decreased the content of MDA in serum （ P〈0.05, P〈0.01 ） . Conclusion： OAOH treats gastrelcosis by eliminating free radical and improving local blood circulation of the ulcer