28 research outputs found
低温胁迫对长苞铁杉幼苗的生理影响
经模拟低温(-12、-8、-4、0、4℃)胁迫处理后,长苞铁杉幼苗叶片和根系相关生理指标均发生明显变化.随着温度降低,叶片光合色素含量增加,但反映光合活性强弱的Chla/Chlb降低;叶片中渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加,呈极显著正相关(r=0.804,p<0.01),根系中可溶性糖含量的减少说明根对低温胁迫的渗透调节更依赖于脯氨酸的累积.幼苗在-4℃及更低温度胁迫下受到严重的冻害使SOD活性持续下降,叶片中POD活性与SOD活性变化呈极显著负相关(r=-0.908,p<0.01),但根系中POD活性与SOD活性没有相关性,说明长苞铁杉幼苗对抗外界胁迫机理的复杂性.叶片MDA含量比根系低可能与叶片中Car能缓解1O2对细胞的伤害有关
面向用户意图的智能人机交互
智能人机界面的研究是为了帮助计算机了解用户,帮助用户更好地使用计算机,致力于将没有思想、没有个性、没有观点的计算机变成一个有思想、有个性、有观点的智能机器人。智能人机界面通过将人工智能技术、认知科学、计算机科学等多种科学结合起来,对交互中的任务模型、人类行为、用户模型等交互系统要素进行研究,缩短计算机产互系统和人之间认知距离,创造人和计算机交流的快捷通道。本文作者参加了国家自然科学基金重点项目“多通道用户界面研究”和863项目“基于PC机的多通道用户界面开发环境”、“基于多功能笔的多通道理用户界面研究”,在基于多通道用户界面研究的基础上,结合国际上出现的各种不同的界面研究,对智能用户界面的关键技术和软件结构进行了较深入的研究和开发工作。本文的目的是在对智能人机界面进行深层次的理解的基础上,提出和推广了面向用户和资源的观点,深入地探讨了智能人机界面中存在的关键问题。围绕这一目标,本文开展了一系列工作,并得出以下创新性成果:1、面向用户、资源的人机交互模型本文提出了从信息空间的角度对人-人交互空间、人-机交互空间进行了划分,本文明确了用户和资源在人机交互模型中的地位和作用,提出了面向用户和资源的人机交互模型,提出了基于分层知识的用户模型,和基于信息传递的输入、输出资源模型,分析了静态建模技术和动态建模技术的区别和优缺点,提出了采用组合神经网络对用户模型进行动态建模,详细描述了具体建模过程;2、面向用户意图的人机交互系统框架本文提出了面向用户意图的人机交互系统框架,基于用户模型建立用户个性Agent,基于资源模型建立资源管理Agent,详细描述了用户个性Agent和资源Agent,深入讨论了软件框架中用户个性Agent、资源管理Agent、交互意图推理Agent和输出管理Agent之间的协作机制,描述了用户、资源、计算、输出之间的信息协作关系;3、基于模糊认知的人机交互意图推理人机交互中的交互意图推理是实现智能模糊人机交互的关键技术,对它们的深入研究是实现基于多Agent的模糊人机交互系统框架的前提。本文详细地定义了交互概念、交互概念的关系、交互概念空间和交互意图模糊集,深入讨论了交互的三个模糊性:交互概念模糊性、交互概念关系模糊性和交互概念的时序模糊性,提出了采用模糊认知映射的方法来对人机交互概念进行知识表示和意图推理,给出了一套完整的基于FCM的模糊交互推理建模方法,较好地实现了用户意图的实时提取和交互实时语义反馈。4、人机交互系统的评估方法对人机交互系统进行评估是提高交互系统的可用性和交互效率的有效方法。本文概述了交互系统的评估方法,提出了基于启发预排式的人机交互和用户界面评估体系,给出启发预排式用户界面评估方法,提出了采用双因素的方法对交互进行实验设计,实现了对用户界面更加正确的定量评估。5、基于模糊交互意图的人机交互系统实例和评估结合面向用户意图的人机交互框架结构和基于FCM交互意图推理理论,本文描述了面向用户意图的字处理系统的系统结构、FCM建模和用户意图推理过程,结合启用预排式用户界面评估体系,对字处理系统的界面模式进行了评估,并对评估数据乾地了统计差分析,并在评估分析的基础上对字处理系统的界面模式进行了讨论。Study of Intelligent User Interface aims at enhancing the communication and the understanding between users and computers, and equips the computers with thinking, personality and opinion. The development of Intelligent User Interface is together with the development of Direct Manipulation Interface Multimedia User Interface, Multimodal User Interface, and Conceptual User Interface. Intelligent User Interface is the carrier of interaction information. Together with Artificial Intelligent, Cognition Sciences and Computer Sciences, study of Intelligent User Interface focus on many specific topics, which include task model, human behavior and user model. All of the study is to shorten the gap and provide efficient channel of communication between the human and interaction system. The author of this paper had took part in several related projects, such as "Study of Multimidal User Interface" supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China, "PC based development environment of Multimodal User Interface" "muliti-function pen based multimodal user interface" supported by 863 project. Based on these projects, we had done a lot of study and development on the key technologies and the software architecture of user iterface. The goal of this paper is to present and extend the opinion of user and resource oriented, and deeply discuss the key technologies in the Intelligent User Interface. Around this goal, this had done a lot of study and development. The main creative contributions of this paper can be summarized as follow: 1. User, Resource oriented Human-computer interaction model, User Model, Resource Model and Dynamic User Modelling. The study of User Interface has been an important research topic for many years. This paper surveys the related study results and deeply analyses the definition and content of Intelligent User Interface, summarizes and analyzes the research results of user interface model in this research field, classifies the interaction space based on the information catalogue. This paper asserts the status and function of user and resources in the Human-computer interaction model and presents user resource oriented human-computer interaction model. This paper presents multi-level knowledge based user model, and information based resource model, compares the difference between the static user modeling and dynamic user modeling, presents combined neural network to complete the dynamic user modeling. 2. User intention oriented system architecture of human-computer interaction To transform the goal of traditional human-computer from the task-oriented to user intention-oriented, this paper presents user intention oriented system architecture. The architecture embedded the multi-level knowledge based user model into the user personal agent, embedded the resource model into the resource manage agent, and embedded the intention reasoning and dynamic output generation into the user intention reasoning agent. And, this paper described the function and the integrated mechanism of primary agent components in the architecture in detail. 3. User interaction intention reasoning based on Fuzzy cognition mechanism The user intention reasoning is the key technology of the Intelligent User Interface, and it is the basis of implementing the user intention oriented system architecture. This paper defines the interaction concept, the relationship between interaction concept and the interaction intention fuzzy set, discusses their fuzzy characteristic in detail, presents the representation of interaction knowledge, and deeply describes and discussed the interaction intention reasoning mechanism. 4. Evaluation of the interaction system The usability and efficiency of the interaction system is ensured by reasonable evaluation process. This paper surveyes the evaluation methods in this field, presents a heuristic step-arrangement evaluation method, and incorporates the factorial experimental design to evaluate the multi-factor mixed interaction system. 5. Case study and evaluation of fuzzy interaction intention-oriented interaction system. Together with the system architecture and intention reasoning mechanism, this paper describes the construction process of intention-oriented word processing system and the reasoning of the word edit intention. By using the heuristic step-arrangement evaluation method, this paper describes the detail of the pen-based word edit interface evaluation
research on development tools for pen-based user interfaces
笔式用户界面提供给用户更为自然的交互方式,然而,笔式用户界面的构造是一项非常困难的工作,一个可用的笔式用户界面系统往往需要多领域、多学科的知识.系统地论述了一个支持笔式用户界面开发的工具系统Penbuilder的设计实现.它基于笔交互的特性以及无处不在的计算环境的要求而设计,为笔式用户界面的开发提供高级的支持.基于Penbuilder的支持,设计开发了一批典型的笔式用户界面原型系统.该研究为笔式用户界面的构造与快速原型提供了有力的支持
modeling post-wimp user interfaces based on hybrid automata
Post- WIMP界面作为继当前的主流界面范式—— WIMP界面后的下一代界面范式 ,它和 WIMP界面有着很大的不同 ,通过使用虚拟现实、语音交互、手势交互等技术 ,它能够提供更加自然高效的交互方式 .然而 ,它却难以构造 .为了有效地构造 Post- WIMP界面 ,在构造之前不考虑实现细节 ,而在一个抽象的层次上描述它是一个较好的方法 .首先 ,分析了 Post- WIMP界面的交互本质 ,交互混合性是 Post- WIMP界面一个最为重要的特点 .从形式化系统的角度分析 Post- WIMP界面 ,通过将 Post- WIMP界面抽象为混合系统能够更为准确和严格地分析Post- WIMP界面的特性 .混合自动机是用于描述混合系统的形式化工具 ,将 Post- WIMP界面建模为一组相互协作的混合自动机 .设计了一基于混合自动机理论的半形式化语言 L EAFF作为 Post- WIMP界面的描述工具 .LEAFF通过结合文本描述和图形描述描述 Post- WIMP界面中的交互行为 ,能够准确地反映交互中的控制关系、时序关系 .给出了对两个典型 Post- WIMP界面——虚拟现实交互和笔式交互的描述实例 ,同时讨论了 Post- WIMP界面中交互并行性的描述、交互实时性的验证和从描述到实际交互系统构造的转换
MIM波导中多耦合腔诱导透明效应的数值分析
通过在金属-绝缘体-金属表面等离激元波导单侧引入平行的双谐振腔结构,实现了等离激元诱导透明效应的数值模拟,基于谐振耦合导致的模式分裂理论揭示了单等离激元诱导透明透射峰的形成机理,并数值研究了透射峰幅度及谱宽与模型结构参数的依赖关系。在此基础上设计了在波导双侧三腔结构,并对其透射谱进行了数值仿真,结果表明:选取适宜腔长及间距参数,可以在三腔模型中产生双等离激元诱导透明透射峰,并且峰值位置可以随腔长以近似线性关系改变
基于笔的人机界面和人机交互发展方向
1 引言随着计算机时代的到来和发展,基于笔交互的计算技术越来越受到人们的关注。早在1991年2月美国微软公司和GO公司分别发布了笔输入操作系统Win-dows for Pen,PenPoint,接着有Apple公司的New-ton,和General Magic的Magic Cap等,这些系统和产品的出现及发展大大推动了基于笔交互的计算模式
不同光照下土壤水分胁迫对长苞铁杉幼苗的作用
于2004—2005年研究了在不同光照下(100%、50%、25%、10%全日照)水分胁迫(土壤含水量30%、25%、20%、15%)处理30 d后的长苞铁杉幼苗存活率、叶片光合色素含量及比例、MDA含量、SOD活性、POD活性和Pro含量的变化.结果表明:在光照与土壤干旱协同作用对幼苗的影响方面,强光照(100%全日照)加重了干旱对幼苗的伤害,遮阴可以降低不利因素的影响;在光照与土壤过湿协同作用对幼苗的影响方面,强光照(100%全日照)和弱光照(10%全日照)加重了土壤水分过多引起的伤害,中等强度光照(50%和25%全光照)可以降低不利因素的影响;在50%和25%全日照条件下,长苞铁杉幼苗对土壤水分过多和干旱胁迫的忍耐能力较强
